學校是實施教育最重要的場所與環境，學校建築佔用最大宗的教育經費與投資，故實施學校建築用後評估，至為重要。 本研究的目的包含：探討桃園縣立光明國民中學的現況；探究學校建築興建完成後的滿意程度；研析學校建築新建完成後的教學效用性；探討學校建築新建完成後，學校建築使用的情形；最後提出用後評估的建議，以作為日後改進之參考依據。 本研究使用的研究方法包括文件分析、調查及觀察等三種方法。以文件分析明暸光明國中學校建築之現況。觀察校內的相關設施，問卷調查學生999人，教職員142人，以描述統計及推論性統計：Pearson相關、獨立樣本t考驗（t test）、單因子變異數分析（oneway ANOVA）及重複量數等方法，比較學生在不同性別、年級及樓層間對學校建築滿意度、對學校建築的教學效用性及對學校建築的使用率差異；比較教職員在不同性別、職務、年齡、年資及任教科目間對學校建築滿意度、對學校建築的教學效用性及對學校建築的使用率的差異。 所得研究結論如下：師生的滿意度為中高程度，學生最滿意的是運動場及庭園，教職員最滿意的是附屬設施。師生認為教學效用性達中高效用，學生認為校舍最具效用性，教職員認為附屬設施最具效用性。師生的使用率為較少使用，學生在運動場及庭園的使用率較高，教職員在附屬設施的使用率最高。不同年級、樓層的學生和不同職務、年齡的教職員，在滿意度和效用性有顯著差異，比較特別的是使用率上，男學生高於女學生。師生使用後的優點為校舍整體色彩典雅、明亮寬敞及學校各項設施完善，建議附屬設施要定期維護及學生使用的空間不足。 本研究依據研究結論，提出建議如下：滿意度高、效用性好及經常使用的設施要加強管理與維護，增進設施使用的品質。增加彈性課程電腦的上課節數或一般教室放置電腦設備。定期檢修電視機及線路，維持無聲廣播系統的正常運作。藉由課程發展委員會，結合綠活圖利用生態池研發一套校本課程。透過師生共同參與重新思考專科教室的位置。利用各種不同的活動提升戶外炊事場及視聽教室的使用率。合作社可放置在光明樓的地下室，空間大且位置適宜，動線又可規劃成一進一出。設置一個女生籃球優先使用架。以及對後續研究的建議。 / School is most Important place where education taking performance. School buildings take most of the education budget and investment. Therefore , the Post-occupancy Evaluation of school building is important The main purpose of this study is to explore the status which including user satisfactory 、the improvement of teaching and the space usage condition after school building of Guang Ming Junior high school in Taoyuan County was complete. The goal is to propose suggestions for the future use and improvement. This research is conducted through document analysis, student questionnaire and campus observation. We realize the status of Guang Ming Junior high school by document analysis、structure observation and questionnaires to 999 students and 142 teachers and staff. The data is analyzed by Pearson correlation、t-test、One-way ANOVA and One-way ANOVA of repeated measures to explore the facts about user satisfaction、the improvement of teaching and the space usage condition within students in different gender、grade and in using of different level of the building. We have also explore the facts about user satisfaction、the improvement of teaching and the space usage condition within teachers and staff in different gender、position、age、seniority and teaching different subjects. Generalized conclusions：the satisfaction of students ,teachers and staff shows medium-high degree. the students feel satisfied with sports ground and the yard most! Teachers and staff feel satisfied with auxiliary facility most. Teachers and students show medium-high degree of teaching improvements. Students think that classrooms are the most useful structure. Teachers and staff think that auxiliary facility are the most useful structure. Teachers and students show low level of using rate on the structures of school building. Among these structures that students using the most are sports ground and yard, but the structure that teachers and staff using the most is auxiliary facility. Students in different building level and grade and teachers and staff that is in different position and age show significant difference from user satisfaction and utility. In using rate, male students are higher than female students. Most of the students and teachers think the excellences of their school building are elegance, brightness, and the complete of every kind of structure. We strongly advice the auxiliary facility need to be repaired in time and to prevent the shortage of using space. Ultimately, this research, based on the findings and conclusions of the study, proposes following suggestions： 1.School should enhance the management and maintenance of certain facilities that are used often within highly satisfaction of using experience and highly utility. 2.Increase the computer class or set up computer equipments in general classroom. 3.The maintenance of computer and line should be done in time to maintain the silent broadcasting system act smoothly. 4.Developing a school based curriculum by combining the green map and ecological pond. 5.Rethinking the position of specialized classrooms by teachers and students. 6.Increasing the using rate of outdoors kitchen work fields and Audio-Visual classroom by any different kind of activities. 7.The Collaborative Convenient Store can be set up at the basement of GUANG MING building, it got plenty of space and suitable for designing of efficient route as one way in and one way out. 8.Set up a basketball court that the female students are the primary user.

Hensikt: Hensikten med studien var å undersøke om enerom reduserer forekomsten av Clostridium difficile hos innlagte pasienter i sykehus. Metode: En deskriptiv epidemiologisk undersøkelse som benyttes for å kartlegge insidensen av C.difficile infeksjon hos innlagte pasienter på fire norske sykehus i perioden 2001-2010 knyttet til antall enerom. Det ble i tillegg gjennomført en retrospektiv undersøkelse der vi så på risikoen for C. difficile infeksjon i en avdeling før flytting i gammelt sykehus med få enerom, til nytt sykehus med bare enerom for nesten alle pasienter. Resultat: I denne studien fant vi ingen sammenheng mellom insidens av C. difficile og økt tilgang på enerom. Det var stor forskjell i insidens av C. difficile mellom fire store norske sykehus. Det ser ut til at risikoen for C. difficile infeksjon var høyere i gammelt sykehusbygg enn nytt sykehus i en avdeling med en høy forekomst av C. difficile infeksjon, men dette var ikke statistisk signifikant. Denne undersøkelsen kan ikke vise lavere risiko for C. difficile infeksjon for pasienter som ligger på enerom. Konklusjon: Andel enerom har økt ved flere sykehus i løpet av studieperioden, men denne studien har ikke klart å vise om enerom har en smitteforebyggende effekt i sykehus ved C. difficile infeksjon. Enerom kan sannsynlig tilrettelegge for bedre smitteforbyggende atferd hos helsepersonell. Det må til flere forebyggende tiltak, som blant annet enerom, for å forbygge spredning av C. difficile infeksjon. / Aims: This study aimed to investigate whether single-occupancy rooms reduce the incidence of Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) among hospitalized patients. Methods: The study used a descriptive epidemiologic approach to investigate the incidence of C. difficile infection in patients in four hospitals during 2001–2010, in relation to the number of single rooms. In addition, we conducted a retrospective study to investigate the risk for C. difficile infection in a hospital ward, in relation to the transfer of a hospital department from old hospital premises that contained only a few single rooms to a new hospital building containing single-occupancy rooms for almost all patients. Results: This study determined no correlation between the incidence of C. difficile infection and increased access to single-occupancy rooms. However, the incidence of C. difficile infection was considerably different in the four hospitals. The old hospital buildings showed higher but insignificant risk of C. difficile infection compared to the new hospital building. We were unable to demonstrate a lower risk of C. difficile infection among patients in single-occupancy rooms. Conclusions: Although the proportion of single-occupancy rooms increased in several of the hospitals during the study period, we were unable to show that the single-occupancy rooms prevent C. difficile infection in hospitalized patients. Single-occupancy rooms likely facilitate improved infection prevention behaviours in health professionals. Preventing the spread of C. difficile infection requires a collection of several preventive measures, including single-occupancy rooms. / <p>ISBN 978-91-86739-21-8</p>

High Occupancy Toll (HOT) lanes were recently proposed for I-85 in Atlanta as a way to relieve congestion and provide a reliable commute time for single occupant drivers that are willing to pay a toll. It is important to evaluate the air quality impacts of such a proposal to meet environmental regulations, such as the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Transportation Conformity Regulations. The goal of this study is to understand how vehicle mass emissions change as a result of implementing HOT lanes on I-85 in Atlanta . This is done by considering a number of factors affect mass vehicle emissions, such as vehicle activity, vehicle speeds, vehicle age distributions, and vehicle class distributions. These factors are incorporated into a base scenario, which models the current condition on I-85 with HOV lanes, and a future scenario, which models the implementation of HOT lanes on this corridor. The base scenario mainly uses data from a data collection effort by Georgia Tech during the summer of 2007 on the I-85 corridor, while the future scenario makes alterations to these data using information from other cities that have already implemented HOT lanes. The MOBILE-Matrix modeling tool, which was recently developed by Georgia Tech [16], was used to run the emissions analysis using the input factors from these data sources. This tool calculated mass emissions for five pollutants: HC, NOx, CO, PM2.5, and PM10. The results show very small increases in mass emissions for NOx, CO, PM2.5, and PM10, and very small decreases in mass emissions for HC. Therefore, the implementation of HOT lanes on I-85 in Atlanta is unlikely to violate the Transportation Conformity Rule. For NEPA purposes, this analysis could be used to make the case that air quality impacts are not significant, and therefore further detailed analyses are not required.

abstract: The green building movement has been an effective catalyst in reducing energy demands of buildings and a large number of `green' certified buildings have been in operation for several years. Whether these buildings are actually performing as intended, and if not, identifying specific causes for this discrepancy falls into the general realm of post-occupancy evaluation (POE). POE involves evaluating building performance in terms of energy-use, indoor environmental quality, acoustics and water-use; the first aspect i.e. energy-use is addressed in this thesis. Normally, a full year or more of energy-use and weather data is required to determine the actual post-occupancy energy-use of buildings. In many cases, either measured building performance data is not available or the time and cost implications may not make it feasible to invest in monitoring the building for a whole year. Knowledge about the minimum amount of measured data needed to accurately capture the behavior of the building over the entire year can be immensely beneficial. This research identifies simple modeling techniques to determine best time of the year to begin in-situ monitoring of building energy-use, and the least amount of data required for generating acceptable long-term predictions. Four analysis procedures are studied. The short-term monitoring for long-term prediction (SMLP) approach and dry-bulb temperature analysis (DBTA) approach allow determining the best time and duration of the year for in-situ monitoring to be performed based only on the ambient temperature data of the location. Multivariate change-point (MCP) modeling uses simulated/monitored data to determine best monitoring period of the year. This is also used to validate the SMLP and DBTA approaches. The hybrid inverse modeling method-1 predicts energy-use by combining a short dataset of monitored internal loads with a year of utility-bills, and hybrid inverse method-2 predicts long term building performance using utility-bills only. The results obtained show that often less than three to four months of monitored data is adequate for estimating the annual building energy use, provided that the monitoring is initiated at the right time, and the seasonal as well as daily variations are adequately captured by the short dataset. The predictive accuracy of the short data-sets is found to be strongly influenced by the closeness of the dataset's mean temperature to the annual average temperature. The analysis methods studied would be very useful for energy professionals involved in POE. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Architecture 2011

The study investigates management of official accommodation in the Department of Roads and Public Works. Government immovable asset plays an essential role in ser-vice delivery. The official accommodation policies were not implemented as intendant and as a result, the former government employees are illegal occupants in government properties. The implementation of legislation and departmental policy for official ac-commodation are problematic when illegal occupants occupied government immova-ble assets without lease agreement. The present of illegal occupants has a negative impact to officials who qualify to occupy government properties in terms of the depart-mental policy for service delivery purposes. The study proposed to provide literature search using books, legislation, policies, and personal interviews among others. The research methodology employed in this study was described, followed by the legislative framework employed in this study. Some of the findings on a legislative framework for official accommodation in the department of Roads and Public Works in the department of Roads and Public Works include gaps at the implementation of departmental policy on Allocation of Official Housing in rela-tion to the lease of state owned properties. Recommendations as a result of descriptive literature search are presented and how the existing problem of implementation of official accommodation policies can be changed to enhance service delivery and to provide accommodation to officials who qualify to occupy government immovable assets. The recommendations will enable the Department of Roads and Public Works as custodian of immovable assets, to fulfil its Constitutional mandate to provide official accommodation to their officials and cli-ents departments who qualify in terms of the policy for service delivery purposes.

residents because of functional, symbolic or economical aspects. Those modifications almost always evidence the lack discordance between the original architectural project and the answers to their users' needs. It is verified that frequently the modifications have negative on the functionality and in the habitability of those houses, especially with regard to the resulting environmental comfort. In that context, the present work analyzed the flexibility, the dimensions and the space functionality of modified residential units of Conjunto Habitacional Osman Loureiro implanted in Maceió-Alagoas, in relation to its original project. The methodology used is based on in the Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE), with application of observations, interviews, questionnaires, physical risings, photographic registrations and digital recordings. In spite of the prevision in the original project of some flexibilities possibilities, these were not informed to the residents, that executed themselves their modifications for best adapt their units front to the small dimensions. The results evidenced the occurrence of dimensional and functional wastes, owed firstly, to the inadequacy of the original project that imposes reforms already the first years of occupation to guarantee a minimum level of habitability, and, secondly due to a qualified professional's lack for the reforms and / or enlargements of the house aids, resulting in inefficient house modifications and usually costly. This work emphasize, then, the importance of obtaining a better understanding on the real causes of the modifications done by the users is emphasized, to aid the planners for flexible houses construction, that allow enlargements and modifications without compromise the comfort conditions and the original quality space of the house. / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / freqüentemente modificadas por seus moradores por motivos de caráter funcional, simbólico ou econômico. Essas modificações quase sempre evidenciam a falta de sintonia entre o projeto arquitetônico original e as respostas às necessidades de seus usuários. Constata-se que freqüentemente as modificações impactam negativamente na funcionalidade e na habitabilidade dessas habitações, em especial com respeito ao conforto ambiental resultante. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho analisou a flexibilidade, o dimensionamento e a funcionalidade espacial de unidades residenciais modificadas do Conjunto Habitacional Osman Loureiro implantado em Maceió AL, em relação ao seu projeto original. A metodologia fundamentou-se na Avaliação Pós-Ocupação (APO), por meio de observações, entrevistas, questionários, levantamentos físicos/medições, registros fotográficos e gravações digitais. Apesar da previsão no projeto original de algumas possibilidades de flexibilização, estas não foram informadas aos moradores, que executaram suas modificações para melhor adequarem as suas unidades frente às exíguas dimensões. Os resultados evidenciaram a ocorrência de desperdícios dimensionais e funcionais nas modificações das moradias analisadas, devido primeiramente, à inadequação do projeto original, que impõe alterações já nos primeiros anos de ocupação para garantir um nível mínimo de habitabilidade, e, segundo devido à falta de um profissional qualificado para auxílio das reformas e/ ou ampliações da casa, resultando em modificações ineficientes e geralmente dispendiosas. O trabalho ressalta, enfim, a importância de se procurar obter um melhor entendimento sobre as reais causas das modificações feitas pelos usuários, para auxiliar os projetistas na construção de habitações flexíveis que permitam ampliações e modificações sem comprometer o conforto ambiental e a qualidade espacial original da habitação.

Public spaces are of great importance for the constitution of the city in many ways, including street beautification, the positive effects for the urban environment like breaking the monotony of the landscape, visual enhancement, etc., and the population like improving quality of life. The production of public space is directly linked to its manner of use by users, so it is essential to understand how they use and behaves in such spaces to enhance the projects of the same. The Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) has been used in several studies and research as a method centered on user needs to improve the design process in order to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the environment under study to set recommendations, guidelines or proposals projects. In this research, the POE was used to analyze as it has the production and use of public spaces in the city of Arapiraca, Alagoas based the period 2000-2015, during which the city started to invest in the idea of "Metropolis of the Future" based on some socio-economic indicators. Were chosen two cases of built public spaces in this period and used different methods to raise both physical characteristics of the studied environments, as for measures of behavior and user satisfaction. As result of the research, is expected to understand how has given the production and use of public spaces in Arapiraca, seeking to list the positive and negative factors that help in obtaining guidelines for the improvement of these spaces and similar ones. / Os espaços públicos são de grande importância para a constituição da cidade em vários aspectos, entre eles o embelezamento das ruas, os efeitos positivos para o ambiente urbano, tais como quebra da monotonia da paisagem, valorização visual, etc., e para a população, como a melhoria da qualidade de vida. A produção do espaço público tem ligação direta com sua forma de uso pelos usuários, assim, é fundamental entender como o usuário utiliza e se comporta em tais espaços para aprimorar os projetos dos mesmos. A Avaliação Pós-Ocupação (APO) tem sido utilizada em diversos estudos e pesquisas como um método centrado nas necessidades do usuário para melhoria do processo de projeto, buscando identificar os pontos positivos e negativos do ambiente em estudo para definir recomendações, diretrizes ou propostas de projetos. Nesta pesquisa, a APO foi utilizada para analisar como vem ocorrendo a produção e uso dos espaços públicos da cidade de Arapiraca, Alagoas tendo como base o período de 2000 a 2015, período no qual a cidade passa a investir na ideia de "Metrópole do Futuro", baseada em alguns indicadores socioeconômicos. Foram escolhidos dois casos de espaços públicos implantados nesse período e utilizados diferentes métodos tanto para levantar características físicas dos ambientes estudados, quanto para obter medidas de comportamento e satisfação dos usuários. Como resultado da pesquisa, espera-se entender como tem se dado a produção e o uso dos espaços públicos em Arapiraca, buscando elencar os fatores positivos e negativos que auxiliem na obtenção de diretrizes para amelhoria desses espaços e de espaços futuros semelhantes.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:28:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3371538 bytes, checksum: cd75e6774cb31997ff12e7963d165844 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-01 / This work approaches housing and urban problems regarding to housing production with social interest and its response on the housing appropriation process by the dweller searching for habitability. It is analyzed adaptations inserted in Boa Sorte low-income housing estate, implanted in Coimbra/MG in order to guide further housing projects to be implanted in countryside towns with similar characteristics. This study is a descriptive and explicative research work, and the variables and indicators were defined from literature review and for field data collection it was used a toll called spatial readings . For technical data survey and for obtaining user satisfaction degree related to housing, tools commonly used in post-occupation evaluation research was used. For analysis, data were grouped according to housing categories: pragmatic, symbolic and functional. The results show that the identified adaptations are physical and use adjustments, evidencing that there is a passive and active adaptation process from the dweller in relation to his or her house. Original housings had their useful area increased, most of them as self-building without technical guidance, whose enhancement and addition of environment were for attending specific needs of each family and in a certain way are related to cultural costumes typical of countryside town people. It was also identified insertion of physical elements and addition, alteration and replacement of sanitary and electrical systems because of problems presented by them. Some architectural problems and diseases reveal the low functional and building performance of the houses. It is concluded by the need of going over housing problems in relation to meeting minimal dwelling standards, especially when implanted in countryside towns with a small number of inhabitants because the social-cultural characteristics of the population and soil value, which interferes in the final cost per unity, are different when compared to units in big cities. / Esta pesquisa aborda a problemática urbana e habitacional quanto à produção da habitação de interesse social e seu reflexo no processo de apropriação da moradia pelo morador em busca de habitabilidade. São analisadas as adequações inseridas no conjunto habitacional Boa Sorte, implantado no município de Coimbra/MG, de forma a orientar futuros projetos habitacionais a serem implantados em cidades do interior com características similares. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo e explicativo, sendo que, as variáveis e os indicadores foram definidos a partir da revisão de literatura e para a coleta de dados em campo foi utilizado o instrumento denominado leituras espaciais . Para o levantamento de dados técnicos e obtenção do grau de satisfação dos usuários em relação à moradia, foram aplicadas ferramentas comumente utilizadas em pesquisa de avaliação pós-ocupação (APO). Para análise, os dados foram agrupados segundo as categorias de habitabilidade: pragmática, simbólica e funcional. Os resultados revelam que as adequações identificadas são tanto físicas quanto de uso, comprovando que há um processo de adaptação ativa e passiva do morador em relação à sua residência. As habitações originais tiveram sua área útil aumentada, a maioria sob a forma de autoconstrução sem orientação técnica, cujas ampliações e acréscimos de ambientes destinaram-se a atender a necessidades particulares de cada família, e que, de certa forma, estão relacionadas a hábitos culturais típicos de moradores de cidades do interior. Também foram identificados a inserção de elementos físicos e materiais de revestimento, a adição, alteração e substituição de elementos dos sistemas hidrossanitários e elétrico por apresentarem deficiências. Alguns conflitos arquitetônicos e manifestações patológicas observadas revelam o baixo desempenho funcional e construtivo das unidades habitacionais. Conclui-se pela necessidade de revisão dos programas habitacionais quanto ao atendimento de padrões mínimos de habitabilidade, principalmente quando implantados em cidades do interior e de pequeno porte, já que as características socioculturais da população e o valor do solo que interfere no custo final por unidade, são diferentes quando comparados aos das grandes cidades.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O sagui-da-serra-escuro (Callithrix aurita) (É.Geoffroy, 1812) é uma espécie endêmica da Mata Atlântica e ameaçada de extinção, considerada em perigo. Callithrix jacchus e C. penicillata são espécies invasoras no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, que competem com C. aurita pelos mesmos recursos, além de formarem híbridos. Nesse contexto, avaliamos a distribuição espacial das espécies de saguis (nativa e invasoras) no interior e entorno do Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (PARNASO), RJ, Brasil, através do método de playback, entrevistas, e a modelagem de ocupação e detecção. Além disso, comparamos os dados de distribuição atual com os registros de ocorrência anteriores a esse estudo. Os resultados mostraram que a população de saguis nativos e invasores presentes no interior no parque possuem probabilidade de ocupação (0,20 e 0,22), detecção (0,22 e 0,26) e abundância (12,65 e 13,68 grupos) semelhantes. A ocupação de C. aurita está relacionada às áreas do parque mais afastadas da estrada e com menor interferência humana, provavelmente pelo efeito da elevada altitude nessas regiões. Enquanto que a ocupação dos saguis invasores está relacionada à proximidade dos limites do parque e a maior interferência humana, tanto em maiores altitudes quanto em menores. Registramos o processo de hibridação entre saguis nativos e invasores, e a formação de grupos mistos entre eles, em diversos pontos da região de Petrópolis, inclusive no interior do parque, evidenciando as consequências do processo de invasão. Concluímos que a população de Callithrix aurita no PARNASO é pequena, restrita a uma única região do parque, e parte dela possui contato com grupos de saguis invasores, ou está bem próxima deles. As espécies de saguis invasores ocorrem em alguns locais no interior do parque e por todo o seu entorno. Portanto, há uma pressão dos saguis invasores em direção ao interior do PARNASO. Diante deste processo de extinção local de uma espécie endêmica, ameaçada de extinção, e com uma restrita distribuição geográfica, alertamos para a urgente necessidade de iniciar um eficiente programa de manejo das espécies de saguis invasores, juntamente com a reintrodução de grupos de Callithrix aurita. / The Buffy-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix aurita) (É.Geoffroy, 1812) is an endemic species of the Atlantic Forest and endangered. Callithrix jacchus and C. penicillata are invasive species in the state of Rio de Janeiro, which compete with C. aurita for the same resources, and form hybrids. In this context, we evaluated the spatial distribution of species of marmosets (native and invasive) in and around the National Park of the Serra dos Órgãos (PARNASO), RJ, Brazil, through using the playback method, interviews, modeling occupation and detection. Furthermore, we compared the actual distribution data with the occurrence of records preceding this study. The results showed that the population of native marmosets and invaders present in the park have similar occupancy probability (0,20 and 0,22), detectability (0,22 and 0,26) and abundance (12,65 and 13,68 groups). The occupancy of the C. aurita is related to the most remote areas of the park road and less human interference, probably due to high altitude in these regions. While the occupancy of the invader marmosets is related to the proximity of the park boundaries and human interference, both at higher altitudes as for minors. We recorded the process of hybridization between native marmosets and invaders, and the formation of mixed groups among them, in various parts of Petropolis, including inside the park, showing the consequences of the invasion process. We concluded that the population of Callithrix aurita in PARNASO is small, restricted to a single region of the park, and some of it has contact with groups of marmosets invaders, or is very close to them. The species of marmoset invaders occur in some places inside the park and all its surroundings. So there is pressure from invader marmosets toward the interior of PARNASO. Given this local extinction process of an endemic species, endangered, and with a restricted range, it alerts to the urgent need to initiate an effective management program of the species of marmosets invaders among the reintroduction of Callithrix aurita groups.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Lonchophylla bokermanniSazima, Vizotto & Taddei, 1978 é uma espécie de morcego nectarívoro de médio porte endêmica do sudeste brasileiro. Pouco se sabe sobre sua biologia e distribuição geográfica, e por isso mesmo é classificada pela União para Conservação da Natureza (IUCN) como Deficiente de Dados. Está, no entanto, na lista brasileira da fauna ameaçada de extinção, sendo considerada Vulnerável por apresentar distribuição restrita, populações pequenas e isoladas, e estar vivenciando uma rápida destruição de seus habitats.Uma das mais importantes lacunas no conhecimento sobre L. bokermanni é o seu padrão de distribuição geográfica. Esta espécie possui uma distribuição disjunta, com uma forma na porção interior de sua distribuição, restrita aos arredores de sua localidade tipo, e uma forma com uma distribuição mais ampla, entre a Serra do Mar e o litoral. Existe a possibilidade de que a forma costeira possa corresponder a uma espécie ainda não descrita, visto que possui antebraços menores e algumas medidas cranianasdiferentes em relação a forma do interior.Nesta dissertação procuro gerar dados quantitativos mínimos necessários para determinar o status de conservação de L. bokermanni segundo os critérios da IUCN. Tendo em vista as incertezas taxonômicas, sempre que possível as análises foram feitas com três conjuntos de dados: i) todos os registros de ocorrência, assumindo que representam uma única espécie, ii) apenas com os dados da forma do interior, assumindo que representam L. bokermanni, e iii) apenas com os dados da forma costeira, assumindo que representam uma nova espécie. No primeiro capítulo foram identificadas áreas prioritárias para a busca de novas populações de L. bokermanni Essas áreas apresentam as condições climáticas e altitudinais típicas para a espécie, mantêm sua cobertura florestal, têm poucos inventários de quirópteros e estão fora da área de distribuição conhecida da espécie. O capítulo também apresenta o resultado da busca em campo por novas populações da espécie em três destas áreas prioritárias, ao sul da distribuição conhecida. No segundo capítulo a probabilidade de detecção e ocupação de Lonchophylla bokermanni foi modelada em escala regional e local, utilizando covariáveis ambientais e metodológicas que podem explicar os padrões encontrados. O grau de incerteza na distribuição conhecida da espécie foi avaliado, e estimou-se o esforço mínimo necessário para termos confiançana ausência da espécie em uma localidade. No terceiro capítulo a informação apresentada nos capítulos anteriores foi utilizada para determinar o status de conservação de L. bokermanni (segundo o critério de Extensão de Ocorrência da IUCN), discutir o estado atual de conhecimento sobre a espécie e as consequências de possíveis mudanças taxonômicas para seu status de conservação. / Lonchophylla bokermanni Sazima, Vizotto & Taddei, 1978 is a medium sized nectar-feeding bat endemic to forested areas in southeastern Brazil.In the Brazilian Threatened Species List it is assigned as Vulnerable to extinction because it has a restricted distribution, small and isolated populations, and its habitat is being lost at a very fast rate. The species was recorded in few localities, however, and little is known about its biology. Because not enough information is available to assess the species distribution, which may be widespread or restricted, L. bokermanni is listed as Data Deficient by the IUCN.One of the largest knowledge gaps for Lonchophyllabokermanni is the pattern of its geographic distribution. As currently defined the species has a disjunct distribution, with one form occurring in a restricted area in the interior of the distribution around its type locality, and another on a more widespread area on the coastal portion of its distribution. There is a possibility that the coastal form represents a distinct undescribed species, as it has differences in cranial measures and shorter forearms than the form found in the type locality, in the interior portion of the distribution.The aim of this study is to create minimum quantitative data necessary to assess the conservation status of L. bokermanni using the IUCN criteria. Having in mind all the taxonomic uncertainty, all analisys were made using three datasets: i) all records represent a single species, ii) records from interior form only, assuming it represents L. bokermanni, and iii) records from coastal form only, assuming it represents a new species, yet undescribed. Priority areas for the search of new populations of L. bokermanni were identified using geographic distribution models. These areas present suitable climatic and altitudinal conditions, forest cover, few bat surveys and they are outside of known range of occurrence. We also report the results of the search for new population in 3 priority areas, south to the known range of occurrence of the species. The occupancy and detectability were modeled at the local and regional scale, using environmental and methodological covariates to explain the the observed patterns. The uncertainty about the known distribution was assessed and the minimum sampling effort to be sure of the absence of L. bokermanni in anarea was estimated. To assess L. bokermannis conservation status we calculated de Extent of Occurrence (sensu IUCN) and discussed the present knowledge about the species and the possible outcomes of taxonomic changes to its conservation status.