Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:33:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AllanTB_DISSERT.pdf: 2264868 bytes, checksum: 965b98ba4f8489b5d3342abf3632b8b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Octopus insularis, target species in this study, is the dominant benthic octopus of the North and Northeast Brazil. Studies on behavior and ecology of the species have been conducted primarily on oceanic islands, with little information on the continental populations. In this study, two regions of the coast of RN, Rio do Fogo and Pirangi, were chosen for the characterization of the niche by O. insularis populations. The dietary niche, habitat and distribution of O. insularis of oceanic islands and the mainland, were compared. In addition, individual characteristics of feeding behavior in a population at Atol das Rocas was studied, taking into account the size of individuals, the proximity of the dens and characteristics of their "personality". The diet of the Rio do Fogo population was composed mainly of bivalve molluscs (82%), unlike Pirangi population that has a diet consisting mainly of crustaceans Decapoda (68%), similar to that described for the populations of the islands. Consequently, the feeding niches of the island populations were more similar, with greater overlap, but the niche breadth of the continent was larger. The habitats of occurrence on the coast includes reefs, rocks, gravel and an environment called Restinga, a plateau composed of biogenic gravel, sand, sponges and algae, showed a high density of animals. Similarly to that found in the islands, O. insularis in the continent, had a clumped distribution, and a bathymetric segregation between small and large individuals. The differences in diet composition among populations were explained by differences in habitat and coverage of the substrate, which may be directly influencing the diversity and prey availability in these environments. The individual analyzes of the population at Atol das Rocas, showed no relationship between the degree of individual specialization and the different personalities, or the distance between dens. The results suggest that the foraging strategy with greater availability of prey in the environment has an influence on diet octopuses over preferences or personalities / Octopus insularis, esp?cie alvo deste estudo, ? o polvo bent?nico dominante das regi?es Norte e Nordeste do Brasil. Estudos sobre comportamento e ecologia da esp?cie t?m sido realizados prioritariamente em ilhas oce?nicas, com poucas informa??es sobre as popula??es continentais. No presente estudo, duas regi?es da costa do RN, Rio do Fogo e Pirangi, foram escolhidas para a caracteriza??o do nicho ocupado pelas popula??es de O. insularis. Os nichos alimentares, habitat e distribui??o do O. insularis das ilhas oce?nicas e do continente, foram comparados. Adicionalmente, caracter?sticas individuais do comportamento alimentar em uma popula??o do Atol das Rocas foi estudada, levando em considera??o o tamanho do indiv?duos, proximidade entre as tocas e caracter?sticas da sua personalidade . A dieta da popula??o de Rio do Fogo foi composta principalmente por moluscos bivalves (82%), diferentemente da popula??o Pirangi que possui uma dieta composta principalmente por crust?ceos dec?podas (68%), similar ao descrito para as popula??es das ilhas. Consequentemente, os nichos alimentares das popula??es das ilhas foram mais pr?ximos, com maior sobreposi??o, por?m a largura do nicho no continente foi maior. Os habitas de ocorr?ncia da esp?cie na costa inclui recifes, rochas, cascalho e uma ambiente denominado restinga, um plat? biog?nico composto por cascalho, areia, esponjas e algas, onde foi encontrada uma alta densidade de animais. De modo similar ao encontrado nas ilhas, os polvos no continente, apresentaram uma distribui??o agrupada, e uma segrega??o batim?trica entre indiv?duos pequenos e grandes. As diferen?as na composi??o da dieta entre as popula??es foram explicadas pelas diferen?as nos habitats e cobertura do substrato, que podem estar influenciando diretamente na diversidade e disponibilidade de presas nestes ambientes. As an?lises individuais da popula??o do Atol das Rocas, n?o apontaram rela??es entre o grau de especializa??o individual e as diferentes personalidades, nem com a dist?ncia entre tocas, os resultados sugerem que a estrat?gia de forrageio com maior disponibilidade no ambiente de presas tem influ?ncia na dieta dos polvos em detrimento as prefer?ncias ou personalidades

Nos moluscos sem concha ou naqueles em que a mesma estÃÂ presente na forma vestigial, como cefalÃÂpedes e gastrÃÂpodes opistobrÃÂnquios, a falta dessa proteÃÂÃÂo externa conduziu ÃÂ evoluÃÂÃÂo de mecanismos de defesa dominados pela secreÃÂÃÂo ou incorporaÃÂÃÂo de substÃÂncias quÃÂmicas bioativas. ProteÃÂnas sintetizadas de novo sÃÂo bons exemplos dessas molÃÂculas, tendo sido encontradas nas tintas de vÃÂrias espÃÂcies de lesmas do mar, particularmente do gÃÂnero Aplysia. Muitas jÃÂ revelaram pertencer a famÃÂlias de proteÃÂnas com atividade oxidÃÂstica de L-aminoÃÂcidos (LAAOs), grupo do qual fazem parte tambÃÂm proteÃÂnas bioativas encontradas nos venenos de serpentes. A caracterizaÃÂÃÂo, portanto, das atividades biolÃÂgicas e do perfil bioquÃÂmico dessas proteÃÂnas ÃÂ muito ÃÂtil para que possamos entender como se dÃÂo os mecanismos defensivos desses animais e quÃÂo difundidos esses sÃÂo, alÃÂm de proporcionar subsÃÂdios para sua aplicaÃÂÃÂo biomedicinal. Esse estudo visou a elucidaÃÂÃÂo dos mecanismos de aÃÂÃÂo da dactilomelina-P, proteÃÂna antibacteriana purificada da tinta de Aplysia dactylomela, e a comparaÃÂÃÂo da composiÃÂÃÂo protÃÂica e das atividades antimicrobianas das tintas liberadas por dois gastrÃÂpodes, A. dactylomela e Bursatella leachii, e por um cefalÃÂpode, Octopus sp.. O estudo revelou que a dactilomelina-P ÃÂ uma L-aminoÃÂcido oxidase capaz de oxidar L-lisina e L-arginina, com maior afinidade por L- arginina, com Km de 0,22 +- 0,16 mM/L para a L-lys e de 0,015 +- 0,01 Mm/L para a L-arg. Demonstrou tambÃÂm que sua atividade antibacteriana ÃÂ medida por esta propriedade, tendo o perÃÂxido de hidrogÃÂnio, gerado na oxidaÃÂÃÂo enzimÃÂticca, grande aprtipaÃÂÃÂo na inibiÃÂÃÂo bacteriana. A proteÃÂna se comporta de maneira bacteriostÃÂtica quando em meio nÃÂo suplementado com L-lisina e L-angilina, sendo bactericida na presenÃÂa destes. AlÃÂm disso, a atividade antibacteriana mostrou ser dependente da concentraÃÂÃÂo de aminoÃÂcidos disponibilizados para oxidaÃÂÃÂo pela proteÃÂna. A atividade Staphylococcus aureus deve ocorrer por meio de mecanismos que nÃÂo induzam danoso na morfologia celular, uma vez que nÃÂo foi observada qualquer alteraÃÂÃÂo morfolÃÂgica por microscopia de forÃÂa atÃÂmica. JÃÂ a anÃÂlise das trÃÂs tintas pro PAGE-SDS revelou a presenÃÂa, em todas elas, de bandas protÃÂicas de cerca de 60 kDa, alÃÂm de bandas de peso moleculares mais baixos. Por Western blot pode-se observar a existÃÂncia de identidade imunolÃÂgica entre proteinas das trÃÂs tintas, visto que anticorpos policlonais produzidos contra a dactilomelina-P reconheceram proteÃÂna(s) de cerca de 60 kDa na tinta de B. leachii e de cerca de 30 kDa na tinta de Octopus sp. Dentre as trÃÂs tintas, somente a tinta de A. dactylomela apresentou atividades antibacterianas e antifÃÂngica / In shelled molluscs or those in which it is present as vestigial as cephalopods and gastropods opistobrÃÂnquios, the lack of external protection led to the evolution of defense mechanisms dominated by the secretion or incorporation of bioactive chemicals. Proteins synthesized again are good examples of these molecules, were found in paints of various species of sea slugs, particularly the genus Aplysia. Many have already revealed belong to protein families with oxidÃÂstica activity of L-amino acids (LAAOs), a group which comprises also bioactive proteins found in snake venoms. The characterization therefore biological activities and biochemical profile of these proteins is very useful for us to understand how to give the defense mechanisms of animals and how widespread they are, in addition to providing subsidies to its application biomedicinal. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of action of P-dactilomelina, antibacterial protein purified from Aplysia ink dactylomela, and comparison of protein composition and antimicrobial activities of paint released by two gastropods, A. dactylomela and Bursatella leachii, and a cephalopod, Octopus sp .. The study revealed that dactilomelina-P is an L-amino acid oxidase capable of oxidizing L-lysine and L-arginine, with a higher affinity for L-arginine, with a Km of 0.22 + - 0.16 mM / L for L -lys and 0.015 + - 0.01 mM / L L-arg. It also demonstrated that its antibacterial activity is measured by this property, with the hydrogen peroxide generated in the oxidation enzimÃÂticca, great aprtipaÃÂÃÂo in bacterial inhibition. The protein behaves in a non-bacteriostatic when supplemented with L-lysine and L-angilina, being in the presence of bactericidal. In addition, the antibacterial activity was shown to be dependent on the concentration of amino acids available for oxidation by the protein. Staphylococcus aureus activity must occur through mechanisms that do not induce damage to cell morphology, since we did not observe any morphological change by atomic force microscopy. The analysis of the three pro paint SDS-PAGE revealed the presence in them all, protein bands of about 60 kDa, and bands of lower molecular weight. For Western blot can observe the existence of immunologic identity between proteins of the three dyes, since polyclonal antibodies produced against P-dactilomelina recognized protein (s) of about 60 kDa in ink B. leachii and approximately 30 kDa in ink Octopus sp. Among the three dyes, only the ink of A. dactylomela showed antibacterial and antifungal activities

The modern cephalopod molluscs, particularly the octopods, are highly developed macrophageous predators which have a pronounced ability to learn. Striking resemblances are found between these animals and the vertebrates, particularly the fish. The study of cephalopods therefore provides an opportunity to examine systems which are composed of structural units common to molluscs but which may be similar in function and performance to those of vertebrates. This investigation concerns the alimentary canal and its innervation in the lesser octopus Eledone cirrhosa. Detailed anatomical investigation shows the alimentary canal of E. cirrhosa to be very similar to that of the better known Octopus vulgaris. Current concepts of the functions of the alimentary organs are discussed utilizing data from both E. cirrhosa and O. vulgaris. Silver staining reveals a basic pattern of innervation in the alimentary organs. Large nerve trunks running in the external collagenous layer give rise to a nerve plexus within the circular muscle. The longitudinal muscle plexus arises from branches of the circular muscle plexus or direct from the nerves of the external layer, Nerves of both plexuses contact muscle fibres in an 'en passant' manner. Fibres run out from the longitudinal muscle to the subepithelium, where they are observed associated with muscle fibres and beneath the epithelial basal lamina. Good evidence for fibres crossing into the epithelium was observed only in the cuticularized regions of the digestive tract. The digestive gland ducts differ from this pattern in the very large numbers of major nerves seen in their external and muscular regions. Outwith the alimentary ganglia nerve cells are only regularly observed within the major intestinal nerves. Receptor like cells were also repeatedly observed only in the posterior intestine. These results axe compared with data from O. vulgaris and the physiological evidence for the presence of receptors. The blood vessels of the alimentary canal are innervated at all levels. The distribution of other densely staining cells is reported. Evidence for the presence of particular neurotransmitters within the alimentary canal and alimentary nerve centres is reviewed. Fluorescence histochemistry shows that at least two types of nerves are present in the alimentary wall. The majority axe aminergic (including those associated with blood vessels and some sphincters), as the pattern of fluorescent nerves is predominantly that shown by silver studies. However, fluorescent nerves decrease and then disappear anteriorly from the crop/oesophageal sphincter and posteriorly from the mid-intestine. The stomach has fluorescent nerves, other than those associated with blood vessels. Fluorescent fibres enter the gut via the sympathetic and possibly the digestive gland duct nerves. Non-fluorescent fibres enter via the atrio-rectal nerves and from the gastric ganglion. The fluorescence is ascribed to catecholamines as no evidence of 5HT was obtained, Specific fluorescence was also observed in some cells of the subepithelium and the external region. These results are discussed with reference to available physiological data. The anterior intestine was the representative region chosen for fine structural studies. These show the alimentary muscles to be the same basic type (cross or pseudo-striated) as that found in cephalopod somatic or heart muscle. Three types of myomuscular and neuromuscular junctions axe described. The presence of mineralized concretions (spherites) in the external layer of the intestine, together with the complex relations of its epithelial cells and heavy vascularization suggest a secondary function of mineral and/or water balance for this organ. These results are discussed. Finally, a pathological condition affecting the octopuses during this study is described.

Manual deployments of software is a tedious, repetitive and non-scaling method of deploying software.Continuous Delivery is a practice that enables automated deployment of software in a rapid fashion at the click of a button.When deciding whether to start using a new practice, software companies need to make an assessment from a cost-benefit perspective.This thesis compares automated deployments through Continuous Delivery with manual deployments from a cost perspective.The comparison is done at a small software company where two tools for Continuous Delivery are chosen based on requirements imposed by the company. The tools, Octopus Deploy and Azure DevOps, are cost efficient to different degrees.Octopus is cost efficient if several deployments per week are necessary, particularly if many deployment targets are involved.Azure DevOps is quickly cost efficient in most cases due to its pricing scheme, only needing roughly one deployment per week for few deployment targets, and a couple of deployments per year for many deployment targets.The initial cost of having a paid employee set up the tool needs to be paid off, but is easily done within a year using weekly deployments with a small number of deployment targets.

A diversidade da seqüência do DNA de oito populações de Octopus cf. vulgaris da costa brasileira e de uma população de Octopus vulgaris proveniente de Portugal foi investigada pelo uso do gene Citocromo oxidase subunidade I (COI) do DNA mitocondrial. Aproximadamente 600 pb do gene COImt foram amplificados por meio dos primers LCO1490 e HCO2198, purificados e seqüenciados. As seqüências foram alinhadas pelo método Clustal W. A árvore filogenética gerada pelo alinhamento das seqüências do COImt revelou dois conjuntos principais, formando clados monofiléticos sustentados por bootstraps superiores a 93%. Um clado contendo os indivíduos provenientes das regiões Sudeste e Sul, similares aos haplótipos de Portugal, que são classificados como Octopus vulgaris, e outro conjunto formado pelos indivíduos coletados em várias localidades das regiões Norte e Nordeste. O nível de diferenciação genética encontrado sugere a presença de duas espécies de Octopus. Quanto à estruturação populacional, os resultados encontrados pelo uso do DNA nuclear e do DNA mitocondrial indicam que as populações estão estruturadas geneticamente. / The diversity of the sequence of the DNA of eight vulgaris populations of Octopus cf. vulgaris of the Brazilian coast and a population of Octopus vulgaris proceeding from Portugal was investigated by the use of the mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Approximately 600 bp of the mitochondrial COI gene were amplified by means of primers LCO1490 and HCO2198, purified and sequenced. The sequences were lined up by the ClustalW method. The phylogenetic tree generated by the alignment of the sequences of the COI revealed two main sets, forming monophyletic supported by bootstraps 93%. A clade containing the individuals proceeding from the Southeastern and South regions similar to the haplotypes of Portugal, which are classified as Octopus vulgaris, and another set formed by the individuals collected in several places of the North and Northeast regions. The level of the found genetic differentiation suggests the presence of two species of Octopus. As far as the population structure is concerned, the results found by the use of the nuclear DNA and the mitochondrial DNA indicates that the populations are genetically structured.

Cephalopods are an important component of many marine ecosystems and support large fisheries. Their active lifestyles and complex behaviors are thought to be driven in large part by competition with fishes. Although cephalopods appear to compete successfully with fishes, a number of their important physiological traits are arguably inferior, such as an inefficient mode of locomotion via jet propulsion and a phylogenetically limited means of blood-borne gas transport. In active shallow-water cephalopods, these traits result in an interesting combination of very high oxygen demand and limited oxygen supply. The ability to maintain active lifestyles despite these metabolic constraints makes cephalopods a fascinating subject for metabolic physiology. This dissertation focuses on the physiological adaptations that allow coleoid cephalopods to maintain a balance of oxygen supply and demand in a variety of environmental conditions. A critical component of understanding oxygen supply in any animal is knowing the means of oxygen delivery from the environment to the mitochondria. Squids are thought to obtain a fairly large portion of their oxygen via simple diffusion across the skin in addition to uptake at the gills. Although this hypothesis has support from indirect evidence and is widely accepted, no empirical examinations have been conducted to assess the validity of this hypothesis. In Chapter 2, I examined cutaneous respiration in two squid species, Doryteuthis pealeii and Lolliguncula brevis, by using a divided chamber to physically separate the mantle cavity and gills from the outer mantle surface. I measured the oxygen consumption rate in the two compartments and found that, at rest, squids only obtain enough oxygen cutaneously to meet demand of the skin tissue locally (12% of total). The majority of oxygen is obtained via the traditional branchial pathway. In light of these findings, I re-examine and discuss the indirect evidence that has supported the cutaneous respiration hypothesis. Ocean acidification is believed to limit the performance of squids due to their exceptional oxygen demand and pH-sensitivity of blood-oxygen binding, which may reduce oxygen supply in acidified waters. The critical oxygen partial pressure (Pcrit), defined as the PO2 below which oxygen supply cannot match basal demand, is a commonly reported index of hypoxia tolerance. Any CO2-induced reduction in oxygen supply should be apparent as an increase in Pcrit. In Chapter 3, I assessed the effects of CO2 (40 to 140 Pa) on the metabolic rate and Pcrit of two squid species: Dosidicus gigas and Doryteuthis pealeii. Carbon dioxide had no effect on metabolic rate or hypoxia tolerance in either species. Furthermore, considering oxygen transport parameters (e.g. Bohr coefficient, blood P50) and blood PCO2 values from the literature, I estimated an increase in seawater PCO2 to 100 Pa (≈1000 μatm/ppmv) would result in a maximum drop in hemocyanin-O2 saturation by 6% at normoxia and a Pcrit increase of ≈1 kPa (≈5% air saturation) in the absence of active extracellular pH compensation. Such changes are unlikely given the capacity for acid-base regulation in many cephalopods. Moreover, this estimated change is within the 95% confidence intervals of the Pcrit measurements reported here. Squid blood-O2 binding is more sensitive to pH than most other marine animals measured to date. Therefore, the lack of effect in squids suggests that ocean acidification is unlikely to have a limiting effect on blood-O2 supply in most marine animals. The pelagic octopod, Japetella diaphana, is known to inhabit meso- and bathypelagic depths worldwide. Across its range, individuals encounter oxygen levels ranging from nearly air-saturated to nearly anoxic. In Chapter 4, we assessed the physiological adaptations of individuals from the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) where oxygen is extremely low. Ship-board measurements of metabolic rate and hypoxia tolerance were conducted and a metabolic index was constructed to model suitable habitat for aerobic metabolism. I found that animals from the ETP had a higher metabolic rate than animals from more oxygen-rich habitats. Despite their higher oxygen demand, they maintained better hypoxia tolerance than conspecifics from oxygen-rich Hawaiian waters. Furthermore, I found that hypoxia tolerance in Japetella has a reverse temperature dependence from most marine ectotherms, a characteristic that uniquely suits the physical characteristics of its oxygen-poor environment. Even with their high tolerance to hypoxia, the OMZ core likely has insufficient oxygen supply to meet the basal oxygen demand of Japetella. Despite the limited aerobic habitat in this region, species abundance was comparable to more oxygenated ocean regions, suggesting that physiological or behavioral plasticity such as altered hypoxia tolerance or hypoxic avoidance in this globally-distributed species is sufficient to maintain species fitness in this extreme environment. These findings contribute towards our understanding of the impacts of climate change on cephalopod physiology and biogeography. The study of environmental physiology provides a mechanistic basis for the understanding and prediction of ecological responses to climate change.

Detta examensarbete har utförts på papperstillverkaren Arjo Wiggins’ forskningscenter i Beaconsfield,England. Företaget har planer på att börja tillverka en ny papperskvalitet för bläckstråleskrivare, varförsyftet med arbetet har varit att testa och utvärdera olika sammansättningar av kemikalier som lämparsig för bestrykning av bläckstrålepapper.Ett stort antal bestrykningar har testats med varierande resultat. Det svåraste har visat sig vara attnå en tillräckligt hög grad av vattenhållfasthet. Resultaten förbättrades något då baspapperetbyttes från ett limmat och kalandrerat papper till ett olimmat, okalandrerat papper. I övrigt visade sigbindemedlen ha större påverkan på bestrykningens egenskaper än pigmenten. Utskriftskvaliteten haröverlag varit god.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-134). / x, 134 leaves, bound 29 cm

BATISTA, Bruno Braulino. Estimativa da idade do polvo, Octopus insularis capturado com espinhel de potes no Ceará, relacionada com os estágios de maturação gonadal. 2011. 69 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Fortaleza-CE, 2011 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-07-11T13:04:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_bbbatista.pdf: 1454663 bytes, checksum: ac60152ab78db40c316343aaed5b352a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-07-11T13:04:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_bbbatista.pdf: 1454663 bytes, checksum: ac60152ab78db40c316343aaed5b352a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-11T13:04:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_bbbatista.pdf: 1454663 bytes, checksum: ac60152ab78db40c316343aaed5b352a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / The growing interest in cephalopod fisheries due to overexploitation of the main fishing resources (teleosts and crustaceans). In Ceará, fishing for octopus Octopus insularis, started in 2004, as an alternative to the closed lobster season, but only in 2005 the fishery has become effectively trade. For the management of a fishery, growth and reproduction are the main factors to be studied, the main factors that affect growth are temperature and salinity. This study aimed to investigate qualitative and quantitatively morphometry to quantify the age, to validate the methodology, and the proportion of sexual maturity with morphometric variables (CM and Wt) and number of days. 20 specimens were sampled monthly, and their morphometric variables collected from the body and the upper beak, the validation of the quantification was done using the marker oxytetracycline (OTC), the quantification of age was performed by counting the number of increments of lateral wall the upper beak, the proportion by gonadal macroscopic characterization of the gonads. The growth of the octopus, Octopus insularis was influenced by temperature, in which the octopuses in the rainy season had higher values of dorsal mantle length and total weight. Moreover, the difference between the slopes (b) of the regressions for females showed that octopuses grow different between sexes and according to time of year (dry or wet). The marking of lines increase the sidewalls of the nozzles showed a profile of daily deposition, and thus the species has an extremely short life cycle of up to 6 months (180 days) and thus demonstrating that these animals are rapidly growing . Quantification of age on the sidewalls of the upper beak showed good correlation with the length of the dorsal mantle and crest length of the upper beak, but a weak correlation was obtained with the total weight. In this study, we used only octopuses sub-adults and adults, but still need to study the profile of deposition of rings in the side wall of the upper beak of paralarvas. / O crescimento do interesse pela pesca de cefalópode deve-se a sobre-explotação dos principais recursos pesqueiros (teleósteos e crustáceos). No Ceará, a pesca do polvo Octopus insularis, iniciou-se em 2004, como alternativa para a época de defeso da lagosta, mas somente em 2005 a pescaria tornou-se efetivamente comercial. Para a administração de uma pescaria o crescimento e a reprodução são os principais fatores a serem estudados, sendo os principais fatores que podem afetar o crescimento são a temperatura e salinidade. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo, analisar quali-quantitivamente a morfometria, quantificar a idade, validar a metodologia, e relação à proporção de maturidade gonadal com variáveis morfométricas (CM e Wt) e nº de dias. Foram amostrados 20 exemplares mensalmente, e deles coletadas variáveis morfométricas do corpo e do bico superior, a validação da quantificação foi feita com a utilização do marcador oxitetraciclina (OTC), a quantificação da idade foi realizada através da contagem do número de anéis etários da parede lateral do bico superior, a proporção gonadal através da caracterização macroscópica das gônadas. O crescimento dos polvos, Octopus insularis foi influenciado pela temperatura, em que os polvos no período chuvoso apresentaram maiores valores de comprimento dorsal do manto e peso total. Além disso, a diferença entre os coeficientes angulares (b) das regressões para as fêmeas mostrou que os polvos crescem diferentes entre os sexos e de acordo com o período do ano (seco ou chuvoso). A marcação das linhas de incremento nas paredes laterais dos bicos demonstrou um perfil de deposição diário, e assim a espécie apresenta um ciclo de vida extremamente curto de no máximo 6 meses de idade (180 dias) e assim demonstrando que esses são animais de crescimento rápido. A quantificação da idade nas paredes laterais do bico superior mostrou boa correlação com o comprimento dorsal do manto e o comprimento da crista do bico superior, porém foi obtida uma fraca correlação com o peso total. Nesse trabalho, foram utilizados somente polvos sub-adultos e adultos, porém ainda é necessário estudo do perfil de deposição de anéis na parede lateral do bico superior das paralarvas.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O Brasil vem se consolidando como um exportador de polvo, tendo como maiores mercados a Espanha, JapÃo e Estados Unidos. O Estado do Cearà possui grandes perspectivas de aumento na captura de polvo, devido ao vasto litoral e à busca por pratos exÃticos e ao mesmo tempo saudÃveis pela populaÃÃo.Junto com esse crescimento vem à necessidade de ampliar ainda mais esse produto para mercados distantes dos locais de produÃÃo, promovendo o aumento de sua vida Ãtil e diversificaÃÃo da oferta, a fim de atender a uma demanda crescente de consumidores de forma conveniente e segura. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da embalagem a vÃcuo sobre a vida Ãtil do polvo da espÃcie Octopus insularis armazenado sob refrigeraÃÃo (2  2 ÂC). Foram realizados trÃs tratamentos: polvos nÃo eviscerados (INT), eviscerados e embalados sem vÃcuo (ESV) e eviscerados e embalados a vÃcuo (ECV), os quais foram avaliados a cada 5 dias durante 20 dias de armazenamento sob refrigeraÃÃo (2  2 ÂC), quanto as caracterÃsticas microbiolÃgicas (bactÃrias patogÃnicas e deteriorantes), sensoriais (avaliaÃÃo do frescor) e fÃsico-quÃmicas (pH, N-BVT e N-TMA). Para avaliaÃÃo das caracterÃsticas sensoriais, o Quality Index Method (QIM) proposto por Barbosa e Vaz-Pires (2004) foi adaptado para o polvo Octopus insularis. Para adaptaÃÃo do QIM, contou-se com a ajuda de 5 julgadores treinados. O QIM adaptado possui 8 atributos sensoriais usados para avaliar o frescor de polvo O. insularis. Os resultados demonstraram que a embalagem a vÃcuo nÃo foi eficiente na manutenÃÃo das caracterÃsticas da qualidade de polvo Octopus insularis armazenado sob refrigeraÃÃo, pois os valores dos parÃmetros fÃsico-quÃmicos analisados foram superiores aos das amostras nÃo embaladas a vÃcuo. A embalagem a vÃcuo tambÃm nÃo foi eficiente contra os micro-organismos deteriorantes analisados. A avaliaÃÃo sensorial mostrou que as amostras embaladas a vÃcuo nÃo diferiram significativamente das amostras nÃo embaladas a vÃcuo. Pode-se concluir que a embalagem a vÃcuo nÃo foi eficiente em estender a vida Ãtil do polvo armazenado sob refrigeraÃÃo, nÃo sendo observado um efeito benÃfico desse tipo de embalagem na qualidade microbiolÃgica, sensorial e fÃsico-quÃmica do polvo quando comparado aos demais tratamentos.