Global ETD Search

81	The challenges facing traffic officers in the management of traffic law in Limpopo Province with specific reference to Vhembe District Ramavhunga, Muthuhadini Hendrick 21 September 2018 (has links) MPM / Oliver Tambo Institute of Governance and Policy Studies / The study investigates the management of traffic law in Limpopo Province with specific reference to Vhembe District and explore possible solutions to the challenges facing Vhembe District in the management of traffic law. Road transport safety, particularly enforcement of traffic laws is challenging globally, especially in developing countries, where it affects both road users and governments. Due to a number of reasons the subculture of traffic and other law enforcement agents is not always viewed in a favorable light. Media reports and newspaper articles give evidence of a total disregard for law enforcement and lack of respect for law enforcement officials. The study used both quantitative and qualitative techniques for data collection and analysis. The Quantitative techniques were mostly used in that they provided the researcher with an understanding of experiences and challenges facing traffic officers in the management of traffic law in Limpopo Province with specific reference to Vhembe District. A simple random and purposive sample was used for selection of a sample population. A purposive sampling technique will be employed in selection study participants of qualitative method. A sample of 50 traffic officers was randomly selected for the survey and 10 traffic chiefs and principals were purposively selected for the interviews. The study found that of lack of good managerial skills, lack of motivation to work, shortage of staff, lack of modern equipment and lack of training as challenges. The treatment of traffic offenses as “petty” by the Department of Justice and in particular magistrates was also identified as a major challenge. The study recommends that the Department of Transport Management should provide traffic police officials with sufficient resources and equipment at the traffic police stations in order to perform optimally. / NRF Traffic laws Traffic police officials Managerial skills Traffic offences Bribe 363.220968257 Polices -- South Africa -- Limpopo
82	Le matériel pédopornographique saisi est-il révélateur des types de délits du consommateur de pornographie juvénile? Gagnon, Claire 12 1900 (has links) Bien que les études comparant les consommateurs de pornographie juvénile et les agresseurs sexuels d’enfants se soient multipliées dans les dernières années, peu d’entre elles se sont spécifiquement penchées sur le type de matériel de pornographie saisi lors des arrestations. Dans cette étude, nous analysons un échantillon de 78 individus ayant été condamnés pour des infractions de pornographie juvénile, relativement à leurs caractéristiques socio-démographiques, leur histoire criminelle et le type de matériel de pédopornographie retrouvé en leur possession. Une comparaison de ces mêmes caractéristiques a été effectuée en distinguant les consommateurs de pornographie juvénile exclusifs, c’est-à-dire ceux qui n’ont pas d’antécédents pour d’autres délits sexuels, à ceux qui en possèdent. La régression logistique réalisée indique que les consommateurs ayant été condamnés pour d’autres délits sexuels sont plus âgés et plus nombreux à avoir vécu de la victimisation sexuelle dans l’enfance. Ils sont également plus nombreux à avoir été condamnés pour des délits de nature non sexuelle et à posséder du matériel de nudité représentant des garçons plutôt que des filles. Ils sont en revanche moins susceptibles de posséder du matériel de type atypique autre que la sexualisation d’enfants, d’avoir commis des délits non repérés et d’être engagés dans une relation conjugale. Bien qu’une validation ultérieure de ces observations et des recherches plus approfondies soient nécessaires, ces résultats suggèrent la présence de deux profils distincts de consommateurs en fonction du contenu possédé. / Although studies comparing child pornography users and sexual abusers have increased in recent years, few have focused specifically on pornography material seized by the police during the arrests. In this study, we analyze a sample of 78 individuals who have been convicted of child pornography offences in relation to their socio-demographic characteristics, criminal history, and seized child pornography material. A comparison of these same characteristics was made by distinguishing exclusive child pornography users, those who do not have a history of other sexual offences, from those who do. Logistic regression then indicates that consumers who have been convicted of other sexual offences are older and more likely to have experienced sexual victimization in childhood. They also are more likely to have been convicted of non-sexual offences and possessing nude material representing boys. Moreover, they are less likely to possess atypical material other than child sexualisation, to have committed unregistered offences and to be involved in a conjugal relationship. Although further validation of these observations and further research is required, these results suggest the presence of two distinct consumer profiles based on the content possessed. type de matériel pédopornographique pornographie atypique infractions sexuelles agression leurre informatique Consommateurs de pornographie juvénile Child pornography consumers atypical pornography child pornography sexual offences abuse online luring Criminology / Criminologie (UMI : 0627)
83	La limitation des droits fondamentaux constitutionnels par l’ordre public / The limitation to fundamental constitutional rights by considerations of public order Gervier, Pauline 05 December 2013 (has links) La dialectique de l’ordre public et des libertés sillonne la pensée juridique depuis le XVIIIème siècle. Généré par de nouvelles formes de délinquance et de criminalité, le renforcement des exigences de l’ordre public impose de s’interroger sur la limitation des droits fondamentaux constitutionnels. En dépit de la place névralgique qu’il occupe entre ordre public et libertés, le processus de limitation demeure indéterminé en droit français. Cette recherche, organisée autour de la détermination des limites aux droits garantis, de l’identification des « limites aux limites » aux droits fondamentaux, puis de la redéfinition des droits fondamentaux par les limites, permet de préciser ce mécanisme, mais aussi de cerner les restrictions apportées à l’exercice des droits et libertés. L’autolimitation du Conseil constitutionnel marque un infléchissement progressif de la protection des droits fondamentaux. Ce constat invite à réfléchir sur l’encadrement supra-législatif de la limitation des droits garantis, et conduit à se positionner en faveur de l’insertion d’une clause de limitation des droits fondamentaux dans la Constitution. / The dialectics of public order and freedoms has been traveling throughout legal thought since the 18th century. Sparked by new forms of delinquency and criminality, the strengthening of public order requirements leads to questioning the limitation of fundamental constitutional rights. Despite its crucible place between public order and freedoms, the limitation process remains undetermined in French law. This research, which aims at determining the limitations to protected rights, identifying the limitations to those limitations themselves, and then redefining fundamental rights through those limitations, not only helps to specify this mechanism, but also to identify the restrictions brought to the enjoyment of rights and freedoms. The Conseil constitutionnel self-restraint reveals a gradual shift in the protection of fundamental rights. Acknowledging the former leads to considering a supra legislative framework to the limitations to protected rights, and advocating in favor of the constitutional entrenchment of such a clause. Autorité judiciaire Conciliation Conseil constitutionnel Constitution Contrôle de proportionnalité Dangerosité Droits fondamentaux Droits-Garanties Droits-Libertés Fichiers Garde à vue Légalité des délits et des peines Limitation Mesures de sûreté Mesures privatives de liberté Mesures restrictives de liberté Ordre public Peines Police administrative Police judiciaire Recherche des auteurs d’infractions Régimes d’exception Sauvegarde de l’ordre public Terrorisme Judicial authority Conciliation Conseil constitutionnel Constitution Proportionality Dangerousness Fundamental rights Rights to processual guarantees Rights to freedoms Files Custody Legality of penalty and offences Limitation Detention order Deprivation of liberty Restriction of liberty Public order Penalties Administrative police Judicial police Search for perpetrators of offences Regime of exceptions Protection of public order Terrorism 340
84	Kinders betrokke by instemmende seksuele handelinge / Lelanie Ward Ward, Lelanie January 2014 (has links) Sections 15 and 16 of the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amended Act 32 of 2007 regulate consensual sexual acts between children. Both these sections criminalised children engaging in consensual sexual acts. The constitutionality of sections 15 and 16 of the Act where tested before the Constitutional Court by the Teddy Bear Clinic and RAPCAM. The Constitutional Court held that both articles are unconstitutional and ruled that these articles violate children's right to human dignity, privacy and the best interest of the child. The objective of this dissertation is to investigate whether children’s best interests are protected by law when they are involved in consensual sexual conduct. In order to answer this question, the historical background of legislation that regulated consensual sexual acts between children is analysed. Legislation that gives and protects children’s right to self-determination is examined. International instruments are also analysed. The High Court and the Constitutional Court judgements relating to children involved in consensual sexual conducts are discussed. The negative consequences of both these articles are discussed. The best interest principle is discussed according to case law. Ultimately a conclusion is reached. / LLM (Comparative Child Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014 Instemmende seksuele handeling Historiese agtergrond Selfbeskikking Menswaardigheid Privaatheid Beste belang-bepaling Internasionale instrumente Consensual sexual conduct Historical background Self-determination Human dignity Privacy Best interest principle International instruments
85	Kinders betrokke by instemmende seksuele handelinge / Lelanie Ward Ward, Lelanie January 2014 (has links) Sections 15 and 16 of the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amended Act 32 of 2007 regulate consensual sexual acts between children. Both these sections criminalised children engaging in consensual sexual acts. The constitutionality of sections 15 and 16 of the Act where tested before the Constitutional Court by the Teddy Bear Clinic and RAPCAM. The Constitutional Court held that both articles are unconstitutional and ruled that these articles violate children's right to human dignity, privacy and the best interest of the child. The objective of this dissertation is to investigate whether children’s best interests are protected by law when they are involved in consensual sexual conduct. In order to answer this question, the historical background of legislation that regulated consensual sexual acts between children is analysed. Legislation that gives and protects children’s right to self-determination is examined. International instruments are also analysed. The High Court and the Constitutional Court judgements relating to children involved in consensual sexual conducts are discussed. The negative consequences of both these articles are discussed. The best interest principle is discussed according to case law. Ultimately a conclusion is reached. / LLM (Comparative Child Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014 Instemmende seksuele handeling Historiese agtergrond Selfbeskikking Menswaardigheid Privaatheid Beste belang-bepaling Internasionale instrumente Consensual sexual conduct Historical background Self-determination Human dignity Privacy Best interest principle International instruments
86	The role of the school governing body in implementing a code of conduct for learners in secondary schools in North West Province Lekalakala, Peter Sekgwari 31 December 2007 (has links) The South African Schools Act of 1996 mandates the establishment of School Governing Bodies (SGBs) in all schools with grade eight and higher. Amongst others, the SGB has the authority to develop a Code of Conduct for learners in a school. This study includes a literature review of discipline in schools, the functions of SGBs, the development and implementation of a Code of Conduct by the SGB. A qualitative investigation of the perceptions of parents, educators and learners, of discipline and dealing with misbehaviour was conducted in three secondary schools in the North-West Province. It was established that role-players differed in their understanding of coming to a common understanding of what to include in a Code of Conduct. It seems as if measures to deal with misbehaviour are often in violation of the Bill of Rights in the Constitution. Based on the findings, recommendations for addressing discipline by means of a Code of Conduct were proposed. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Education Management) Role School Governing Body Code of Conduct Learners Secondary schools Discipline Qualitative research Governance Reviewing Revising Disciplinary hearing Human rights Misbehaviour Offences 373.15096824
87	LA COOPERAZIONE RAFFORZATA COME MODALITA' D'ISTITUZIONE DELLA PROCURA EUROPEA FIDELBO, MIRANDA 18 April 2016 (has links) Il Trattato di Lisbona contiene la base giuridica per l’istituzione della Procura europea, tramite regolamento da adottare con il voto unanime in seno al Consiglio. Essa avrà il compito di «individuare, perseguire e rinviare a giudizio gli autori di reati che ledono gli interessi finanziari dell'Unione» (art. 86 TFUE). Il 17 luglio 2013 la Commissione ha adottato una proposta di regolamento a riguardo. Tuttavia, i negoziati fino ad ora condotti fanno ritenere che sarà difficile adottarlo all’unanimità, motivo per cui si è deciso di indagare il tema dalla prospettiva della cooperazione rafforzata. L’obiettivo della tesi consiste nel dimostrare la concreta esistenza di un valore aggiunto dell’istituzione della Procura europea da parte di un numero ristretto di Stati rispetto all’abbandono di un tale progetto per assenza di unanimità. La tesi mira a dimostrare la sua fattibilità, costruendo un sistema capace di funzionare in un contesto d’integrazione diseguale. L’elemento di novità consiste nella riscrittura della proposta di regolamento per adattarla al diverso contenuto (non più l’istituzione della Procura europea, ma l’attuazione di una cooperazione rafforzata ai fini di una tale istituzione) e nella predisposizione di modelli degli accordi disciplinanti la cooperazione tra gli Stati membri non partecipanti e l’organo di accusa europeo. / The Treaty of Lisbon contains the legal basis for the institution - by means of a regulation to be adopted by the Council acting unanimously - of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO), which shall be «responsible for investigating, prosecuting and bringing to judgment the perpetrators of offences against the Union's financial interests» (art. 86 TFEU). In July 2013 the Commission adopted a proposal for a regulation on this matter. However, the ongoing negotiations lead to retain that it will be difficult to reach unanimity. This is the reason why this dissertation analyses the theme from the perspective of enhanced cooperation. The purpose of this thesis consists in demonstrating the concrete existence of an added value deriving from the institution of the EPPO by only some States rather than neglecting this project. Thus, it aims at proving the feasibility of this project, by constructing a functioning system, even in a context of unequal integration. The redrafting of the regulation in order to adapt it to the new object (the implementation of the enhanced cooperation for the institution of the EPPO) and the provision of the text of the agreements between non participating States and the EPPO constitute its originality. IUS/16: DIRITTO PROCESSUALE PENALE IUS/17: DIRITTO PENALE IUS/14: DIRITTO DELL'UNIONE EUROPEA
88	O direito à educação dos presos no Brasil: perspectivas do direito ao acesso à educação no sistema prisional e a atual normatização processual e de execução penal / The right to education of prisoners in Brasil Ramos Netto, Justino de Mattos 26 May 2006 (has links) Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JustinoRamosNetto.pdf: 712629 bytes, checksum: f390a828f5544c4eec6493ad95c5f0e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-26 / nenhum / This present study aims to look at the importance of the right to education of prisoners in relation to the criminal procedural norms granted by the Brazilian constitution which guarantees universal access to basic education. The objective of this study is to demonstrate that education of prisoners make them less likely to re-offend because it facilitates their re-integration to their community at the end of their prison sentences. As a consequence, the whole society can benefit from the implementation of the right of education of prisoners. The method of study employed involved the analysis of other research and references addressing the problem of education of prisoners in Brazil, the analysis of the constitutional rules and of criminal proceedings in the past and present time, giving a historical view of the evolution of criminal procedural laws in Brazil. Moreover, this research investigates some models of public administration which put into practice education polices and techniques as a means to integrate prisoners in society. Finally, it highlights the need to support the agents who will be directly dealing with the education of prisoners and offers alternatives / O presente trabalho acadêmico busca estudar a importância do direito à educação dos presos e as conseqüentes perspectivas das normas processuais penais e de execução penal em relação a esse direito constitucionalmente previsto pela Constituição brasileira. Afirma a importância, no atual Estado Democrático de Direito, de obedecer aos ditames da Constituição Federal de fornecer indistintamente a qualquer pessoa o direito à educação fundamental. Desenvolve, por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas, estudos acerca da educação na norma constitucional brasileira atual e suas raízes históricas, bem como sua interligação com o direito processual penal e de execução penal, além de discorrer sobre a própria evolução dos princípios do direito processual penal na Constituição brasileira vigente. Busca apontar os fins do processo penal e a necessidade da plena observância do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana em relação à educação, demonstrando, ainda, como é importante educar os prisioneiros que estão atualmente descontando pena privativa de liberdade em regime fechado, para com isto facilitar a sua ressocialização. Estuda as decisões jurisprudenciais e seus embasamentos teóricos em relação ao instituto da remição pelo estudo e sua aplicabilidade em face do ordenamento jurídico. Aponta a necessidade de fornecer integral apoio às condições de acesso à educação do preso como finalidade de agir das políticas públicas na melhoria da sociedade, pautada pelos princípios da igualdade e da legalidade que constituem verdadeiros requisitos para a existência do Estado Democrático de Direito. Indica, ainda, o presente trabalho acadêmico a real importância da educação do preso como forma de prevenção criminal, inclusive com a diminuição da reincidência no crime Sistema prisional e educação Educação e direito de punir Educação e normas processuais penais Princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana Direito a educacao -- Brasil Prisioneiros -- Educacao -- Brasil Execucao penal -- Brasil Prison system and education Access to the education Education and right to punish Education and criminal procedural norms Human right Re-integration in society Prevent re-offences
89	The role of the school governing body in implementing a code of conduct for learners in secondary schools in North West Province Lekalakala, Peter Sekgwari 31 December 2007 (has links) The South African Schools Act of 1996 mandates the establishment of School Governing Bodies (SGBs) in all schools with grade eight and higher. Amongst others, the SGB has the authority to develop a Code of Conduct for learners in a school. This study includes a literature review of discipline in schools, the functions of SGBs, the development and implementation of a Code of Conduct by the SGB. A qualitative investigation of the perceptions of parents, educators and learners, of discipline and dealing with misbehaviour was conducted in three secondary schools in the North-West Province. It was established that role-players differed in their understanding of coming to a common understanding of what to include in a Code of Conduct. It seems as if measures to deal with misbehaviour are often in violation of the Bill of Rights in the Constitution. Based on the findings, recommendations for addressing discipline by means of a Code of Conduct were proposed. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Education Management) Role School Governing Body Code of Conduct Learners Secondary schools Discipline Qualitative research Governance Reviewing Revising Disciplinary hearing Human rights Misbehaviour Offences 373.15096824
90	Le cercle des affaires entre suspect et bienfaiteur : l’invention du droit criminel des affaires dans l’ombre de la police économique en Flandre wallonne et en Hainaut (XVe – XVIIIe siècle) / The business circle between suspect and benefactor : the invention of criminal business law in the shadow of the police in Walloon Flanders and Hainaut (15th - 18th century) Thérage, Marc 22 November 2017 (has links) Dans l’Ancien Droit, le droit criminel des affaires constitue une étape singulière de l’histoire d’une matière qui reçoit aujourd’hui le nom de droit pénal des affaires. À cette époque, les fraudes commises par les professionnels de la vie des affaires ne relèvent cependant pas toutes du droit criminel. Dans l’ombre des divers textes de police économique, naît en effet une matière dont les règles sont si spécifiques qu’elles doivent être isolées du droit commun. L’exemple de la Flandre wallonne et du Hainaut – où la bourgeoisie industrielle et commerciale fonde la puissance des républiques urbaines –fournit un corpus jurisprudentiel important et représentatif. L’étude de cette jurisprudence prouve que les turpitudes du cercle des affaires de ces provinces sont parfois criminellement réprimées. Ainsi, entre 1424 et 1789, six cent soixante-neuf sentences et arrêts sont prononcés en droit criminel des affaires. La richesse de cette branche du droit criminel et le silence des criminalistes en ce domaine, imposent decréer a posteriori des catégories juridiques permettant de rendre compte de la grande variété des incriminations. Hier comme aujourd’hui, le droit criminel des affaires comprend un versant général (vol et faux) et un versant spécial (droit criminel commercial, droit criminel de la consommation et droit criminel fiscal). De ce premier constat résulte plusieurs questions. Comment distinguer le droit criminel des affaires de la police économique ? Quelles sont les différentes infractions à la vie des affaires ?Quelles en sont les spécificités qui nécessitent de les traiter distinctement des autres infractions ? / In ancient law, buisiness criminal law constitutes a peculiar step in the history of what has now become « buisiness penal law ». Although, in those days, the various types of fraud committed by buisiness professionnels don't all relate to criminal law. In the shadow of various economic police texts, emerges a subject whose rules are so particular that they have to be isolated from common law. For example, Flandres wallonne and Hainaut provinces (where the industrial and commercial wealthy bourgeoisie establish the power of the urban republics) provide a important and representative body of case law. The study of this jurisprudence reveals that the turpitudes of the buisiness circles of these provinces sometime relate to criminal law. Consequently, between 1424 and 1789, 669 judgments areissued in criminal law. The abundance of this branch of law and the silence of the criminal law specialits on it lead to the necessity of creating a posteriori several law categories in order to appreciate the great variety of incriminations. Yesterday and today, buisiness criminal law contains general (theft and forgery) and special (commercial criminal law, consumer criminal law and tax criminal law) topics. As a consequence of this firstobservation many questions appear. How to distinguish between buisiness criminal law and economic police ? Which are the different offences committed against the buisiness world ? Which are their specificities that lead to treat them distinctly from the other offences. Droit pénal des affaires Vie des affaires Histoire du droit pénal des affaires Droit criminel des affaires Droit criminel de la consommation Droit criminel fiscal Droit criminel commercial Infractions économiques Buisiness penal law Buisiness History of Buisiness criminal law Buisiness criminal law Consumer criminal law Tax criminal law Commercial criminal law Economic offences.

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