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La sénescence induite par l'oncogène, ou OIS (Oncogene-Induced Senescence), est un mécanisme permettant d'empêcher la prolifération anarchique des cellules lors du stress oncogénique. Lors de la tumorigenèse, ce processus est inhibé par l'inactivation des gènes suppresseurs de tumeurs pour permettre la prolifération et la transformation cellulaire. L'OIS est un processus conservé dans les cellules primaires, cependant, nous l'avons observé dans des cellules transformées à la suite de l'expression de H-RasV12. Nous avons étudié les acteurs de cette réponse dans une lignée d'adénome colorectal ayant déjà inactivé les suppresseurs de tumeurs p16Ink4a et p53. Nous avons observé que l'oncogène Ras induisait l'expression de p21Waf1 et conduisait à la mise en place de la sénescence. Dans ces conditions, nous avons vu que p21Waf1 inhibait la transcription des gènes du cycle cellulaire Cdc25A et Plk1 pour permettre l'arrêt de la prolifération. Au cours de ce travail nous avons remarqué que certaines cellules échappaient à cet arrêt. Par l'étude de la présence de SAHF (Senescence- Associated Heterochromatine Foci), nous avons observé que ces cellules ne présentaient plus ce phénotype caractéristique de la sénescence, mais des marqueurs de cellules mésenchymateuses, et que certaines d'entre elles avaient subi une dédifférenciation. Les résultats que nous avons obtenus indiquent que lors de l'expression de l'oncogène Ras, certaines cellules échappent à l'OIS et que cet échappement est associé à une EMT (Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition) et à l'émergence de cellules dédifférenciées. L'EMT contribuerait à l'échappement des cellules à l'arrêt du cycle cellulaire.

At the end of nineteenth century, as a result of the revival of the early music, harpsichord, the most important instrument in the Baroque period, was emphasized again and back to the stage. However, without any recordings been made and left, the scores and the documents became the significant references for the interpretation. This study will discuss about the performance practice issues in French composer François Couperin¡¦s treatise ¡§L¡¦art de toucher le clavecin¡¨. The representative of Couperin¡¦s work is his four harpsichord books. In his 1716¡¦s treatise ¡§L¡¦art de toucher le clavecin¡¨, he explained the performance practice issues of his harpsichord music. The discussion includes the body gesture, articulation, tempo, characteristic of the instrument, ornamentation, fingering, notes inégales and the tradition of prelude. Moreover, he composed eight preludes and put them at the end of the treatise for practicing. Although the treatise was not the only one which discussed about harpsichord at that time, it is rare that composers wrote instruction for other musician in order to interpret his own music. This study includes three parts. First, the development of the harpsichord music in baroque period and François Couperin¡¦s life are introduced. The second part explicate the historical background of the François Couperin¡¦s four harpsichord collections, eight preludes and ¡§L¡¦art de toucher le clavecin¡¨. The third part focuses on discussion of the performance practice. Finally, the conclusion will be made.

With the transition from closed to open innovation in recent years, the next trend for companies has been to bring in new ideas from external stakeholders using innovation tools, known as Open Innovation Software (OIS). The most common type of OIS, called idea management systems, allows participants to submit, evaluate, and engage in discussions around ideas. However, implementing software to support innovation is not a sure success and potential problems may arise. The purpose of this thesis is to research problems within features in current idea management systems, and to provide guidelines that suggest ways that may eliminate or reduce the impact of the particular problems. Interviews were conducted with representatives from five different idea management systems. The respondents demonstrated their systems, which made it possible to gather features and to learn about problems that exist in these systems. Five problems within features were found; these were related to engagement, duplicates, idea evaluation, complexity, and bias. Numerous recommendations regarding how the impact of these problems may be reduced have been identified. The findings of this thesis show that Problems with engagement is best dealt with using features that delivers better feedback in order to give more motivation to the participants. As for managing duplicates, it is recommended to implement a feature that suggests similar ideas during the idea submission phase. It was found that allowing users to have an unlimited amount of votes should be avoided. To prevent bias, managers should be careful of having features that displays idea ratings before users have casted their vote, features that allow users to edit their casted vote unless an idea has been edited,  and  for instance features that show ideas in order of popularity.

This paper will examine the hidden history of the New Orleans Pharmacy Museum and investigate the claims regarding the first licensed pharmacist in the United States. Drawing from legislative, church, medical, legal and institutional records, this study argues that colonial control, such as regulations governing medical practice and licensing requirements, established by continental powers in their overseas colonies, tended to recreate traditions and laws found in the home countries. For instance, the more rigorous licensing requirements for medical professionals, as practiced in France and Spain, were also the custom in Louisiana. However, when Louisiana became part of the Unites States, these regulations were relaxed, reflecting the laissez-faire policy of English laws and custom. This work challenges the bias often found in the presentation of American historical experience that makes claims for English colonial traditions informing the entire American experience.

196 p. / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-01-07T19:46:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 88.pdf: 755579 bytes, checksum: 2b9b99a15e98bb210082135dad8e5793 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-07T19:46:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 88.pdf: 755579 bytes, checksum: 2b9b99a15e98bb210082135dad8e5793 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Entre as décadas de 80 e 90, uma extensa pauta internacional movimentada pelas Organizações Internacionais preconizava a necessidade de reformas dos Estados latinoamericanos, pressionando os Estados da região a adotarem os receituários prescritos para a realização das ditas reformas. Sob o argumento de que os Judiciários da região não satisfaziam as crescentes demandas do setor privado, do público, e dos pobres, o Banco Mundial, a partir de seus informes WTP 280 e WTP 319, propugnou uma agenda comum a ser perseguida por esses estados. Dentre os tópicos da agenda-padrão, destacam-se as recomendações para a facilitação do acesso à justiça através da implementação de formas alternativas de gestão e solução de conflitos (ADRs) que seriam metodologias de gestão de conflitos que necessariamente não exijam a presença de um juiz. O presente trabalho tem a intenção de apresentar os resultados da análise comparativa da reforma do Judiciário na América Latina, sobretudo, no que tange à inserção de novos repertórios de contemplação do acesso universal à justiça. A partir das trajetórias vivenciadas por Argentina, Brasil e México, buscamos mensurar de que modo a agenda internacional interferiu na construção de políticas públicas ligadas a esse segmento de reformas, analisar as premissas dessa agenda no campo judicial, bem como compreender as ações desses governos em face dessa questão de interesse público que compreende a democratização do acesso à justiça. Esse trabalho compreende também um estudo ilustrativo de três experiências envolvendo programas de gestão de conflitos por meios alternativos que usam a mediação como metodologia de trabalho. Assim, através das trajetórias do Projeto Balcões de Justiça e Cidadania do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado da Ba hia (Brasil), do Centro Estatal de Mediación em Puebla (México) e do Centro Judicial de Mediación da Província de Córdoba (Argentina), buscamos identificar nessas experiências o elo de ligação entre as políticas públicas dos seus respectivos governos no que tange ao acesso à justiça e a agenda internacional no âmbito das reformas dos judiciários latino-americanos. Ademais, buscamos, também, compreender a receptividade e as possíveis adaptações esboçadas pelo âmbito local quanto aos modelos prescritos. / Salvador

No description available.

My doctoral project investigates the impact of Ronald Reagan’s Strategic Defense Initiative on transatlantic relations during the period 1983-86. The dissertation focuses on the three main European powers, namely Britain, France, and the Federal Republic of Germany, and examines their reaction to SDI both individually and comparatively. The study exploits SDI’s position at the intersection of nuclear strategy, political ideology, Cold War diplomacy, and industrial politics to offer a multifaceted, multi-national, and primary source-based analysis of US-European relations during the Reagan Presidency. The picture of the transatlantic relationship which emerges from the dissertation is a complex and nuanced one. On the one hand, the analysis argues that relations across the Atlantic during the Reagan era cannot be reduced to a scenario of accelerating ‘drift’ between the United States and Western Europe. Instead, on SDI as well as on other matters, moments of acute friction alternated with a constantly renewed search for dialogue, cooperation, and compromise on the part of the Europeans and also, if to a lesser degree, of the Americans. On the other hand, the ‘exceptionalist’ ideology and worldview underpinning SDI, the prevailing indifference in Washington to its implications for NATO, and most importantly the persistent anti-nuclear rhetoric and ambitions associated with the initiative revealed a distinct lack of sensitivity to European interest by the Reagan administration. As the dissertation shows, the anti-nuclear drive inherent in SDI, which both reflected and reinforced Reagan’s deep-seated interest in nuclear abolition, constituted the most disruptive aspect of the initiative from the viewpoint of European leaders. In these respects, the SDI controversy epitomises the unilateral tendencies and increasingly divergent priorities from those of the European allies which characterised much of the Reagan administration’s foreign policy – making the 1980s a decade of recurrent tensions in transatlantic relations.

The thesis examines the evolving realtions of the aesthetic and conceptual aspects in exhibition-making after the 'conceptual turn' that took place in the late-1960s and instigated key transformations in the aesthetic condition of art and contemporary curatorial practice. Drawing on a broadly construed and variously manifested conceptualism pervading the growing field of curating since 1990s, the thesis focuses on investigating the relation between the aestheti and conceptual dimensions of three exhibitions that have had a significant impact on the postconceptual development of curating. In doing so, it aims to construct an alternative genealogy that reaffirms the significance of the aesthetic element, and so to reconstruct curatorial practice from the perspective of an Aesthetics of Curating. This trajectory unfolds a non-unitary Curatorial Aesthetics that emerges and develops together with the conceptual shift offering a revisionist perspective to dominant practices and discourses today that tend to devalue or repress aesthetic modes of production. The driving force of the thesis is neither to affirm aestheticism nor simply reversing the received positions. Instead, the investigation of aesthetics - as the poetics of an exhibition and a philosophical understanding of the experience offered - provides a reading that contests the emphasis placed upon conceptualism in order to revise those relations and established assumptions, and enable us to understand contemporary aspects of curating that have been downgraded. The thesis focuses on three case-studies, which mark important shifts in the conceptual development of curating from 1969 to 2007: When Attitudes Become Form: Works-Processes-Concepts-Situations-Information (Live in Your Head), curated by Harald Szeemann. Kunsthalle Bern (1969); Les Immateriaux, co-curated by Jean-Francois Lotard and Thierry Chaput, Centre George Pompidou, Paris (1985); Documenta 12, under the artistic directorship of Roger Buergel and chief curatorship of Ruth Noack, Kassel (2007). By exploring the different ways in which these exhibitions accommodate, engage with, and define aesthetic experience in relation to their conceptual modes, the study provides an alternative account of Curatorial Aesthetics that attains its transformative potential and political efficacy in the present through the invention of new sensations that incite new modes of thinking and acting.

No description available.