This thesis is focused on water tourism in the Czech Republic. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibilities and conditions for the development of water tourism in the Czech Republic. There were conducted analyses of water tours, water tourism development opportunities, own research, which focuses on the behavior of water tourism in the Czech Republic.Water tourism in the Czech Republic lags behind its potential and has potential for the future development.

Neste trabalho, realiza-se o estudo das letras ramistas [j] e [v] e de suas variantes [i], [y] e [u] em dois roteiros de viagem lavrados no século XVIII. Para tanto, faz-se uma recolha exaustiva e minuciosa em ambos os manuscritos e há também um mapa que ilustra o tema dos documentos. Gramáticas e ortografias dos séculos XVI, XVII e XVIII foram consultadas e demonstra em que medida o emprego das letras [i], [y], [j], [u] e [v] segue ou não a norma apresentada. A vida e obra de Pierre de la Ramée são abordadas de modo sintético, para que se conheça o contexto de diferenciação das ramistas, [j] e [v] de [i] e [u]. No capítulo dedicado à toponímia, pretende-se analisar como se comportam as ramistas e suas variantes em geral; além de um grafema especial, um tipo de [y] com a cauda cortada: [y], cuja referência fonética e semântica traduz-se, em tupi, no vocábulo água. A análise de dois textos com proximidade temática e cronológica e punhos diferentes deixa entrever hábitos freqüentes de uma determinada época da história da escrita e revela tendências no uso das ramistas e suas variantes. É possível constatar que a preferência no uso desta ou daquela letra dá-se muito mais por idiossincrasias dos autores do que por respeito à normatização imposta pelas gramáticas a eles contemporâneas. / The object of this investigation is the research of the ramist letters [j] and [v] and its differences [i], [y] and [u] made in two travel routes in the century XVIII. Therefore, it is made a very detailed and exhausted selection of both handwritings and there is a map which illustrates the title of the documents. It is also studied grammar books used in centuries XVI, XVII and XVIII and they show whenever the use of [i], [y], [j], [u] and [v] took place in standard grammar. The bibliography of Pierre de la Rameé is used shortly, only to recognize the context of differences in the ramist letters [j] and [v] of [i] and [u]. In the chapter dedicated to toponym, the intention is to analyze the behavior of ramist and its variability in general. It is seen a special writing, a kind of [y] with a dash in the tail like [y], whose phonetic reference and semantic is translated, in tupi, in the word water. The analysis of both texts are close in chronologic and thematic aspects but different treats permit different and frequent manners of a certain time in writing history and reveal some tendencies in the use of ramist writing and its possible for this or that letter is taken by much more for author\'s idiosyncrasies than the normatization imposed by grammar books at that age.

No description available.

On the tenth of January 1786, Mrs. Hester Lynch Piozzi recorded her entrance into the city of Naples, Italy in her travel journal Observations and Reflections Made in the Course of a Journey Through France, Italy, and Germany. She emphasized the importance of her experience in Naples by stating that: "among all the new ideas I have acquired since England lessened to my sight upon the sea, those gained at Naples will be the last to quit me." This British woman's stay in Naples was but a brief period within her three year long Grand Tour, yet it represented a great deal more than a simple respite. It became both a metaphor for her own break from the English society with her second marriage to an Italian musician and a forum through which she could express her complex opinions about class, ethnicity and gender. Essentially, this study reconstructs how Naples became a symbolic site in the journal and what it and its inhabitants represented to Hester Piozzi, both geographically and personally. Moreover, it simultaneously analyzes the common northern-European impressions that informed her opinions of Naples and the personal experiences that shaped her interactions with Neapolitans. Complex and sometimes conflicting beliefs and motivations formed Hester Piozzi's opinions of the place and its people. The object of my thesis is to understand how these various strands shaped her cultural interactions in the Italian south. In Piozzi's mind, Naples stood for many things. In part, long-standing northern European conceptions of Italian society formed the basis for her perceptions. More interestingly they also built upon her intensely personal observations as a woman who had split from her own social niche, the British upper-class. The city's exotic qualities provided her with the ability to fully embrace her liberation, yet in that context she also found common parallels that connected the lives of Neapolitan women to her own. Ironically, in the place that she believed to be most opposite to her home, she found a striking metaphor to help her evaluate and understand her own fractured life in England.

With the rapid development of the tourism industry in China, the need to train more and more competent tour guides has become more urgent than ever. These tour guides require a sophisticated level of spoken English, but, at present, their English-speaking proficiency is far from satisfactory. It is this problem that has inspired the writing of this paper. The paper attempts to search for appropriate teaching techniques that would be useful for improving the speaking skills of Chinese tour guide students. The paper is divided into six chapters. Chapter 1 will outline the problem being discussed. Chapter 2 then aims to suggest solutions to the problem stated in Chapter i After discussion of relevant issues, it is decided that Mim-Mem, Dialogue and Role-playing might be appropriate techniques for teaching the speaking skills to Chinese tour guide students. Chapters 3, 4, and 5 deal with the Mim-Mem Technique, the Dialogue Technique and the Roleplaying Technique respectively. After an examination of the three suggested techniques, Chapter 6 discusses material preparation and provides practical suggestions for classroom applications. The paper should be regarded as an initial base for further discussion and research.

『主題旅遊』已經是台灣旅遊市場行程標題的趨勢。 自1979年政府開放觀光以來，經過三十餘年的旅遊演進，過去的國家越多越好的旅遊概念已經進化到單國或是深度、精緻的旅遊型態，由坊間各大旅行社的旅遊宣傳單上尌可以看出來。而政府於1988年開放旅行社營業執照自由申請以來，根據觀光局統計資料至2010 年12月止，旅行社家數已達2,241家 ( 表1-3 )在如此激烈競爭的旅遊環境下，旅行業者除了設計深度、精緻的旅遊產品外，更需函入各種不同的主題元素，才能札確吸引或滿足不同類型的消費者青睞；例如击顯個人社會地位，強調奢華入住杒拜帆船七星級旅館、搭乘豪華郵輪QE2橫渡大西洋之旅；或是依個人宗教信伖的聖地朝聖之旅，或是依個人特殊屬性的如蜜月之旅、遊學之旅…等等。 尤其是以歐洲地區為市場的旅行業者更必頇在其專業領域中，去結合價值網絡成員，做市場區隔、選定目標市場並找出產品定位，進而開發出具更主題性的旅遊產品；旅行業者還頇了解總體環境以及產業環境的變化，對自己公司的組織架構及資源能耐必頇做札確更效的人力配置，及通盤了解自己的優勢與劣勢，才能設計出貼近消費者需求的產品，也才能在這極度競爭的產業中生存。 本研究個案MIT旅行社在SARS期間也曾經一度瀕臨解散、停業，但因為專注於歐洲主題旅遊產品，及其創新的直接採購經營模式，更效的串聯價值網絡成員，將無形的歐洲主題旅遊產品，透過網路連結，賦予產品生命化、實體化，並將歐洲旅遊以獨特的主題，去設計出各種主題旅遊產品的豐富性與創意性，使MIT旅行社在旅遊業界獲得肯定，並讓旅遊消費者接受。 從目前已經更數家旅行社在歐洲旅遊產品上，也分別尌其專業領域與建立價值網絡的跡象顯示，創新的歐洲主題旅遊，勢必成為未來的旅遊趨勢與主流。 / „ Theme Travel ‟ has become a trend in Taiwanese travel markets. 1979 Government opened Outbound Travel, the travel concept of Multi countries becomes single country or depth and elaborately during the pass 30 years travel evolution. It is easily to see from Taiwan‟s travel market promotion D.M. Tourism Bureau December 2010 data, number of 2,241 travel agents in Taiwan ( table 1-3 ) since 1988 open restriction for travel agent‟s license application. Under the keen competition of travel market, travel agents except to creating depth and elaborately travel products, various theme elements is more important to attracting and suffice for various travel market consumers. To appear social status, emphasize on Sumptuous Travel such as Burj Al Arab hotel in Dubai or luxury cruise as QE2 for crossing Atlantic Ocean, or focus on personal religion faith such as Pilgrimage Travel, or specially travel purpose such as Honey Moon, Study Tours….. Especially main business is focus on Europe travel market, travel agents need to performing as professional to connecting with value network, finding out how to making products segmentation, targeting Market, products positioning. And then to creating with “ Theme” travel products. Travel agents must to know the variation of the travel status in general and travel industrial. Effectively man power allocation for the structure and resources of firm. Realize the strength and weakness of firm for making match consumer needs travel products, and to survival in the field of keen competition travel market. In this study case, MIT Travel Service almost collapsed during the period of SARS. To focus on European Theme Travel, an innovative direct procurement business model and connecting value network supplies through internet to keep intangibly Europe Theme Travel products alive and materialize. European travel products by unique theme travel and innovation to creating plentifully and originality in various theme travel products. MIT to be affirmative from cooperates and acceptable from travel consumer. Innovative European Theme Travel will become a trend and main stream from European travel market in Taiwan. According to some of the travel agents who focus on European travel products are building up value network and creating more and more theme elements in expertise theme travel.

During the last seven years or so, China has adopted an open-door policy, which has brought about an increase in diplomatic intercourse, and cultural and technical exchanges between China and other countries. And, above all, the number of tourists coming to visit China has been growing rapidly year by year. Together with this increase comes the demand for tour guides, especially Englishspeaking tour guides. Since most Chinese tour guides who are presently working in the travel service have not been able to receive professional training, they encounter difficulties of various kinds in their work. Such a situation demonstrates an urgent need for designing a special curriculum for training Chinese tour guides. Problems with the current situation are analysed in detail in Chapter 2. The analysis reveals that there are problems with the existing arrangement for recruiting tour guides and also tour guides' weakness in oral communication with tourists which is a result of inadequate training. In order to have an objective picture of Chinese tour guides' oral English � both strengths and weaknesses � a questionnaire was designed, and interviews were conducted as part of the field study. The whole of Chapter 3 is devoted to the analyses of the questionnaire and interviews, which includes the designing and distribution of the questionnaire and the data analysis. Chapter 4 focuses on the discussion of the importance of aims and objectives in the curriculum. It offers guidelines for the other elements of the curriculum which are stated in relation to students' future needs. Students are expected to achieve the goals set for them in the course through studying the course materials. Therefore, teaching materials have to be selected in order to be able to serve the basic aims and objectives of the course. Considerations need to be given to both language and content. Details of how to choose course content are dealt with in Chapter 5. The final chapter gives suggestions for teaching and evaluation. This field study report is not intended to present a proper curriculum. Instead, it is hoped to suggest some aspects worthy of consideration when the training in oral English for tour guides is being planned.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-139).

Alors que le tourisme urbain est aujourd'hui est un phénomène dont les dynamiques sont largement étudiées et que ses flux sont considérables dans certaines destinations, on sait paradoxalement assez peu de choses sur ce que font précisément les touristes dans les métropoles. Même dans une ville mondialement médiatisée comme Paris, les pratiques urbaines et les combinaisons d'activités des touristes dans le temps et l'espace sont peu connues. Cette recherche, qui se base sur une méthodologie qualitative d'entretiens semi-directifs avec des touristes étrangers, est conduite en deux temps. Le premier temps pose le projet de voyage qui guide les touristes comme cadre d'analyse de leurs pratiques urbaines. Deux types de projets touristiques sont analysés, différenciés selon les relations qu'ils entretiennent avec les pratiques dominantes et les médiations de la sphère du tourisme dans la métropole parisienne (le tourisme autonome et économe du backpacking versus le tourisme encadré et organisé d'un tour-opérateur). Le second temps confronte cette analyse à la force de l'empirie. Trois enseignements généraux sont tirés : d'abord, les configurations de voyage a priori différentes résistent mal aux polarisations symboliques et spatiales de l'espace parisien ; ensuite, la durée et/ou le nombre de voyage participent à spécialiser les pratiques de la ville ; enfin, c'est le rôle des mobilités " adhérentes " et des espaces publics comme opérateurs d'urbanité et agents actifs de la découverte du territoire visité

<p>The concern for the environment and social aspects have been highlighting in the concept of ecotourism. Tourism is a growing industry, where ecotourism is one of the fastest growing components in tourism today. The increase of amount of travels and tourists in the world, has led to the acknowledgement of tourism as part of the emissions of greenhouse gases. Therefore, the framework of sustainable development in tourism has been developed as well as ecotourism.</p><p>This thesis is aiming to study the ecotourism operators’ management of facing dilemmas in the ecotourism industry in Sweden. Therefore, the study is contributing to new knowledge in the lack of research in the field. We have identified the knowledge gap which is from the frontline practitioner’s, ecotourism operator point of view on how to manage dilemmas in this strong sustainable industry, ecotourism.</p><p>We structure a literature review where we provide with broader definitions of the major concepts: tourism, sustainable development and ecotourism. Ecotourism is considered as possessing strong sustainability features. The literature review is focused mainly in Swedish context and literature supporting the business purpose of a small firm has been highlighted. The theoretical framework is also presenting research done about the different aspects of sustainable development (economic, social and environment) with the context in ecotourism, which is also presenting the dilemmas that can occur among the perspectives. The theoretical framework ends with some suggestions on how tour operators balance the three perspectives, i.e. economic, social and environment.</p><p>The study takes form as a qualitative study with an exploratory approach. We are aiming at providing new information and knowledge in the field, which has been lacking in research in the Swedish context. By having telephone interviews with eight ecotourism operators across Sweden, we are aiming to gain heterogeneity in respondents’ selection and try to find out if there are any common thoughts and at the same time unique practices among the respondents.</p><p>Our main conclusions are answering the question on how the ecotourism operators manage the dilemmas in the ecotourism industry in Sweden. We acknowledge that ecotourism operators are expected to aim at strong sustainability which concerns on the environmental and social issues. This frames their way of operating the ecotourism business. The ecotourism operators manage dilemmas by communicating, educating, cooperating, marketing, raising price (or no raise), limiting number of tourists and by being professional.</p>