Work trips are considered one of public transportation's biggest markets. It is important to understand this market as fully as possible because of the potential for congestion mitigation or air quality improvements, among other things. While much effort has been invested in researching travel on public transit, very little effort has been concentrated in understanding the work travel market. This document attempts to be a comprehensive resource which can provide current information on the persons and trips being taken on public transit for travel to/from work. This research looks at the 2009 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) to examine the difference between work and non-work transit trips and riders, choice and captive work trips and riders, and New York City (NYC) and non-NYC work trips and riders. In addition, transit mode share for work trips across an array of socio-demographic factors is examined. As a supplement, historical trend data utilizing past NHTS/Nationwide Personal Transportation Surveys (NPTS), the American Community Survey, and American Public Transportation Association data is used. The data analysis is primarily descriptive in nature and is performed in SPSS (a statistical analysis software) and then graphed in Microsoft Excel. Interpretation of the results is based upon a comprehensive literature review and the author's knowledge and familiarity in the field of public transit. There were several interesting and noteworthy findings uncovered during this research. In the historical trend analysis, it was discovered that the proportion of transit trips being for travel to/from work has declined since 1983. Further analysis appears to indicate that the decline is being caused by new riders who are making new non-work trips. This comes as the existing work riders and trip numbers appear to be holding steady. More research is needed to confirm this finding and to probe for more specific reasons on why this is occurring. In terms of work transit trips, it was discovered that they tend to be taken on faster modes (such as commuter rail and elevated/subway) resulting in slightly higher in-vehicle speeds than non-work transit trips (11.8 MPH versus 11.2 MPH). The analysis also showed that those commuting via non-transit modes were 20 percent more likely to make a stop on their commute than those that took transit. Of those commuting on transit, riders were more likely to make a stop on their way home from work rather than to work. An analysis of choice and captive riders found that in the 16-24 year old age group, 85 percent of riders were choice riders. This finding could perhaps signify that more young adults are choosing to ride transit. However, this result should be interpreted with caution because of the small sample size and potential data issues with the 2009 NHTS dataset. More research should be carried out in the future to verify these results.

Die aktuelle Ausgabe des Newsletter für Freunde, Absolventen und Ehemalige der Technischen Universität Chemnitz.

Denna uppsats behandlar den svenska resemarknaden och om olika reseföretags tillämpning av konkurrensstrategier kan skapa framgång och hjälpa dem att överleva på en mogen resemarknad. Arbetet bygger på en jämförelse mellan tre reseföretag som distribuerar resor, för att undersöka och analysera olika konkurrensstrategiers verkan på den svenska resemarknaden. Tre reseföretag med olika inriktningar på marknaden jämförs i uppsatsen, KILROY travels Sweden AB, Ticket Travel Group AB och MyTravel Sweden. Undersökningen bygger på en kvalitativ metod genom personliga intervjuer med respektive företag. I analysen görs en jämförelse av reseföretagen som konkurrenter till varandra. Det som har framkommit i intervjuerna jämförs med utvalda teorier i analysen. En kombination av konkurrensstrategier används för att utreda vilka köpare och leverantörer som finns och om det finns hot från potentiella etablerare och substitut. Företagens mål, strategier, föreställningar om branschen och möjligheter för utveckling utreds. Deras positioner på marknaden motiverar också valet av strategi och hur pass aggressiva de bör vara i sina marknadsföringssatsningar. Marknadsföringsmixen visar vad företagen behöver utveckla och förbättra. De tre undersökta reseföretagen har varit framgångsrika på så vis att de har funnits länge på den svenska marknaden, är väletablerade och har kända varumärken. Företagen använder huvudsakligen tre distributionskanaler för att vara tillgängliga för kunderna, genom butiker, Internet och telefon. Konkurrensstrategier har en verkan på den svenska resemarknaden då konkurrenssituationen skapar ett behov av analys och planering, så att företagen kan bedöma konkurrenterna på ett riktigt sätt. En analys av konkurrensen görs lättast genom att använda de verktyg som redovisats i denna uppsats. De svenska reseföretagen kan skapa framgång och överleva genom en tillämpning av konkurrensstrategierna. Företagen måste då utföra kontinuerliga analyser av resebranschen och konkurrenterna. / This paper discusses the Swedish travel market and if the application of competitive strategies can create success and help companies in the travel industry to survive on a mature travel market. It is based on a comparison between three companies in the travel industry, to survey and analyze the impact of different competitive strategies on the Swedish travel market. Three companies with different business profiles are compared. They are KILROY travels Sweden AB, Ticket Travel Group AB and MyTravel Sweden. The survey is based on a qualitative method through personal interviews with each company. A comparison is made between the companies as competitors to each other in the analysis section. The results of the interviews are also compared to the chosen theories. A combination of competitive strategies is used to investigate who the buyers and suppliers are, and if there are any threats from potential new establishers and substitutes. The companies’ goals, strategies, conceptions of the industry and development opportunities are also investigated. Their market positions motivate their choice of strategies and how aggressive they should be in their marketing investments. The marketing mix demonstrates what the companies need to develop and improve. The three companies have all been successful, as they have existed for a long time on the Swedish market, are well established and have well known trademarks. They mainly employ three distribution channels to be accessible to customers, namely through stores, Internet and phones. Competitive strategies do have an impact on the Swedish travel market, as the competitive situation creates a need for analysis and planning, allowing the companies to assess the competitors correctly. An analysis of the competition is easily made with the tools presented in this paper. The companies in the Swedish travel industry can create success and survive through application of these competitive strategies. The companies must implement continuous analysis of the travel industry and their competitors.

Augantis interneto populiarumas ir vartotojų skaičius verčia modernias įmones pakeisti senas vidines sistemas naujais internetiniais produktais. Tokios sistemos leidžia naudotis programine įranga iš nutolusių įmonių filialų, taip pat sumažina komunikacijos ir apsikeitimo duomenimis procesų kaštus ir tokiu būdų suteikia pranašumą prieš konkurentus. Kelionių operatoriai, kurie naudoja skirtingas informacines sistemas elektroninei komercijai ir kelionių bei rezervacijų valdymui, susiduria su kelių skirtingų sistemų integravimo problema, nes integruojami produktai neturi standartizuotų sąsajų. Kita problema – universalių sprendimų pritaikymas konkrečiam kelionių operatoriui, nes universalūs sprendimai nepalaiko visų svarbių veiklos procesų. Norint išspręsti šią problemą, reikia keisti universalius sprendimus. Šiame darbe aprašomas kelionių operatoriaus informacinės sistemos su integruotais elektroninės komercijos įrankiais kūrimas ir tyrimas. Vartotojų apklausa parodė, kad sukurta sistema gerokai pagerino informacijos apie keliones ir jų užsakymų valdymo procesų efektyvumą. / A growing number of active internet users and increasing internet popularity force modern companies replace their old internal software systems with new modern internet products. Such software systems give possibility to use one centralized software platform from remote company offices, reduce communication and valuable data exchange costs thus giving advantage over competitors. Tour operators use several different software solutions and this causes system integration problem, mainly, because these software solutions do not have standard data exchange interfaces. Another problem is difficult adoption of universal off-the-shelf solution to a specific tour operator as universal solution does not support all important activity processes. In order to solve these problems, universal solutions should be modified. This thesis describes development and research of tour operator information system with integrated e-commerce solution. Survey of end users have showed that implemented system have greatly improved travel information processing and order management processes.

Darbo pavadinimas: Turizmo įmonės strategijos formavimas bei plėtra (“X” įmonės pavyzdžiu). Darbo objektas: Turizmo įmonių veiklos bei plėtros strategijos. Tyrimo problema: Strateginis planavimas lemia sėkmingą visų ekonomikos pramonės šakų vystymąsi, tame tarpe ir turizmo. Turizmo industrija globaliu požiūriu - viena iš sparčiausiai besivystančių ir labiausiai kintančių ekonomikos šakų. Valstybės lygmenyje, Lietuva, kaip naujas turistinis regionas dar neturi suformavusi savito turistinio įvaizdžio. Įmonių lygmenyje, per mažas dėmesys strateginiam planavimui, rinkodaros gebėjimų trūkumas bei nepakankamas darbuotojų aptarnavimo profesionalumas nurodomas kaip pagrindinės kliūtys sėkmingai tolimesnei turizmo įmonių veiklai. Turizmo įmonės, formuojant bei planuojant savo tolimesnę veiklos strategiją, privalo atsižvelgti į prognozes bei pokyčius globaliu mastu. Tyrimo tikslai: · Nustatyti strateginius modelius, taikomus užsienio turizmo įmonėse. · Parinkti tokį strateginį modelį, kuris galėtų būti pritaikytas Lietuvos turizmo įmonėje, prognozuojant jos tolimesnę sėkmingą veiklą bei plėtrą. Tyrimo uždaviniai: · Apžvelgti strategijų koncepcijas ir tuo pagrindu tirti jų taikymą turizmo įmonėse. · Atskleisti strategijų taikymo svarbą turizmo įmonėse. · Nustatyti užsienio turizmo įmonių naudojamas strategijas. · Išanalizuoti konkrečios turizmo įmonės Lietuvoje esamas veiklos bei plėtros strategijas. · Atsižvelgus į esamą situaciją Lietuvos turizmo rinkoje pasiūlyti pasirinktą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Title: Tourism Company’s strategic model forming and development (based on Lithuanian “X” tourism company). Object: Activity and development strategies in tourism companies. Research problem: Strategic planning is the most usual course of successful development of all kinds of economic industries and tourism industry is not an exception. Tourism Industry from a global market view is one of the most rapidly developing and the most variable economic branch. From a state level view, Lithuania is a new object in a global tourism market but it still has no tourism identity. In company level, not enough attention for strategic planning, lack of marketing abilities and low service level are the main reasons for failure in tourism business. Whilst forming and planning their distant development strategies, tourism companies must pay attention to prognosis and changes on a global market. Research purposes: · To establish strategic models in a foreign tourism companies. · To choose a strategic model for Lithuanian Tourism Company, which could be used in practice. Research tasks: · To examine basic strategy conceptions and based on them, to research their practical aiming at tourism companies. · To discover the importance of aiming the strategies. · To establish strategies, that are used in practice in foreign companies. · Based on a present situation on Lithuanian tourism market, to choose strategic model for appropriate tourism company. Research questions: · How strategies influence... [to full text]

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In this study, we have examined how Swedish tour operators are using social media as part of their marketing plan. Our purpose was to find out which strategies they use in the area of social marketing. The companies that were examined were Ving, Fritidsresor and Jambo tours, and the social network site that the research focused on was Facebook. The examination was conducted with a content analysis of the companies' Facebook pages and qualitative, structured interviews with the companies. The aim was to compare the various tour operators Facebook pages in order to get a broader overview of the companies marketing strategies. The results varied between the companies, but in many aspects they had similar strategies. The companies primarily use their Facebook pages to disseminate information, but also for communication with their target groups. This is also what previous research shows is an important part of the social media strategy.

Les légionelles sont un enjeu de santé publique majeur car ces bactéries sont responsables des cas de légionellose, parfois mortels. Les tours aéroréfrigérantes (TAR) peuvent être incriminées car pouvant potentiellement émettre des aérosols contaminés. Un traitement de désinfection de ces eaux est donc nécessaire. Cependant les techniques actuelles conduisent très souvent à des injections importantes de réactifs induisant des rejets écotoxiques dans l'environnement qu'il est nécessaire de limiter. L'application du traitement d'oxydation avancée H2O2/UV - considéré comme innovant pour ce domaine et dont l'impact environnemental est limité (décomposition du peroxyde d'hydrogène en eau et oxygène, peu de production de composés toxiques) - a prouvé son efficacité de désinfection à la fois au sein d'un pilote de laboratoire sur une eau reconstituée, chargée en microorganismes et matière organique, mais aussi lors du traitement de l'eau d'une TAR du secteur tertiaire. Les ultraviolets ont été appliqués de manière continue (10 à 22 J.cm-2 sur le pilote ; 2 à 7 J.cm-2 sur la TAR) avec le maintien d'un résiduel constant en peroxyde d'hydrogène (10 à 50 mg.L-1 sur le pilote ; 3 à 10 mg.L-1 sur la TAR). Sur le pilote de laboratoire, le traitement H2O2/UV a montré une efficacité supérieure à l'application des UV ou du peroxyde d'hydrogène seul. Des abattements plus importants sur les paramètres microbiologiques de l'eau et des biofilms (ATP, bactéries cultivables et totales) et une modification profonde de la matière organique (minéralisation) ont pu être observés. Il a ainsi été conservé les avantages de chaque technique (désinfection reconnue des UV et action bactéricide de H2O2), tout en limitant leurs inconvénients (absence de rémanence des UV, fortes concentrations nécessaires en H2O2) grâce à la génération de radicaux hydroxyles pouvant agir sur les microorganismes et la matière organique. L'étude sur une TAR a confirmé ces résultats et a montré de bonnes performances de désinfection en comparaison avec celles obtenues pour le dioxyde de chlore. Cependant, lors les phases d'optimisation des essais, une adaptation des bactéries au peroxyde d'hydrogène a été observée indiquant la nécessité d'un contrôle régulier de cet oxydant afin de maintenir un résiduel conséquent et d'éviter la mise en place d'une dérive du système. De plus, il a été montré que le traitement n'a eu qu'une faible action sur les produits de conditionnement de l'eau (antitartre, anticorrosion). Une rapide évaluation économique a permis de placer le couplage H2O2/UV dans le même ordre de grandeur que les traitements habituels.

藝術經紀與導覽的商業模式研究 / Research on business model of art agency and art tour originates from my passion for art. This passion intrigues me to construct a gateway to understanding the ongoing development of art in Taiwan. The origin of the idea is to design a business model for art services combining art agency and art tour after keen observation of the paradigm shift from manufacturing sectors to service- oriented sector and by diligent practice on innovative art services. Catering to the niche art market, this type of creative art service may not only create a new trend but also inspire more possibilities for art industries. Keywords: Art agency, Art agency, Art tour, Culture industry, Evaluation of artwork, Featured tour

Sport tourism, as a segment of tourism, is one of the fastest growing industries. Sport events have grown enormously over the last two decades and, as a part of sport tourism, they are a very powerful tool that is used to market a country. Sport tourism also creates an internationally recognised image and attracts tourists from all over the world. One of the internationally recognised sport events held annually in Cape Town is the Pick In Pay Cape Argus Cycle Tour (ACT). Originally started in 1977, it has grown to attract 32 000 cyclists by 2008. However, as with any event, the ACT's life cycle reached a climax and is currently on a downward slope, in terms of participation figures. This decline was the motivation for starting this study. As such, it was determined that the goal of this study would be to profile the participants in the ACT as this information could provide some of the reasons for the decline in numbers. In order for the researcher to successfully profile the participants, three objectives were formulated. Firstly, the reasons why cyclists participated in the ACT, in other words their travel motives, were examined. Secondly, it was determined which variables had a significant influence on cyclists' spending behaviour while visiting Cape Town. Finally, conclusions and recommendations were presented, and a profile of the participants was compiled. The research was done by means of using a questionnaire with three sections. The first section sought demographic information while section B measured the spending behaviour of the respondents. The last section established what motivated the cyclist to participate in the ACT. The survey took place from 5 - 8 March 2008 during the registration period at the Good Hope Centre of the city of Cape Town. A total of 583 completed questionnaires were received by the fieldworkers. The data analyses were then performed by firstly capturing the data into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The statistical program, SPSS, was then used for the further analyses. A factor analysis was performed in order to achieve the first objective of determining what motivated cyclists to participate in the ACT. Then a regression analysis helped to establish which variables influenced cyclists' spending. After all the analytical procedures were completed, the results of the factor analyses indicated the cyclists were motivated by the attractiveness of the event, by personal motivation and by a desire to escape from the daily routines and so to relax. The regression analyses lead to the results that the following variables determine how much money cyclists spend; marital status; province of residence; the number of nights stayed in Cape Town and which accommodation cyclists used. These results both confirmed and contradicted the results of previous research, even though this was the first time this type of research had been applied to a sport event in South Africa. This research can be used by event organisers to apply more effective target marketing and to develop new strategies to encourage an increase in participation figures. This research can also be used to improve business relationships between the different role players in an event. Further, product improvements can be made from certain recommendations. / Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.