Esta pesquisa traz evidências sobre a relação entre a oferta de sistemas de lazer e a violência urbana, envolvendo crianças e adolescentes, no município de Piracicaba, estado de São Paulo. Em uma primeira etapa, definiu-se uma área de estudo através de dados de procedência de crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua, e de jovens infratores em cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas, dados esses obtidos a partir de duas fontes indicadas pela Promotoria de Justiça da Infância e Juventude da Comarca de Piracicaba (projeto “Acolhimento à criança e ao adolescente em situação de rua” e organização não-governamental Serviço de Apoio ao Menor de Piracicaba - SEAME). Posteriormente, nessa área de estudo, analisou-se a disponibilidade e a situação atual dos sistemas de lazer à população local, e como tal, o Conjunto Habitacional Bosques do Lenheiro foi apontado para a realização desta pesquisa, por ser aquele de maior procedência de crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua - 34,5% do total analisado - e de jovens infratores em cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas - 9,2% do total analisado. Este loteamento de interesse social caracterizou-se por ser o mais pobre da Região Norte do município, bastante populoso e com alta concentração de jovens, já que a faixa etária de 0 a 20 anos de idade representa quase 55% da população. Não há sistemas de lazer efetivamente implantados disponíveis aos moradores. Nenhuma das dez áreas públicas destinadas a esse fim recebeu algum tipo de tratamento pela Prefeitura, e estavam todas abandonadas. De maneira geral, a situação da arborização no loteamento mostrou-se crítica: além dos já referidos sistemas de lazer não implantados, as áreas de preservação permanente também não receberam a devida atenção e a arborização de ruas era praticamente inexistente. A revisão bibliográfica realizada neste estudo apontou para uma relação realmente consistente entre arborização, lazer e redução da violência, não só em países do Hemisfério Norte, como no Brasil. Embora a oferta de arborização e lazer representasse apenas uma pequena parcela das carências observadas na área de estudo, a implantação de sistemas de lazer poderia contribuir para que esta se tornasse, ambiental e socialmente, um local melhor para se viver. / This research brings evidence of the relationship between the availability of public open spaces and urban violence involving children and teenagers in the municipality of Piracicaba, São Paulo state. To start with, a study area was defined according to two data sources on violence made available by the public prosecutor of the judicial district of Piracicaba (project “Shelter for children and teenagers in street situation” and nongovernmental organization Service Support to the Underage of Piracicaba - SEAME) that showed where the neighborhoods children and teenagers in street situation and young offenders under alternative judicial sentence come from in the municipality. These findings analyzed the availability and actual situation of public open spaces for the population residing in that area. The “Conjunto Habitacional Bosques do Lenheiro” was identified in this research as the study area because this is the place most of the children and teenagers in street situation - 34,5% of the total analyzed - and young offenders under alternative judicial sentence - 9,2% of the total analyzed - came from. This social interest allotment was characterized as the poorest place in the North region in the municipality, very populated and its residents since the age between 0 to 20 years old represents almost 55% of the population. It was found that no public open spaces had been made available for the population. The ten areas that the local government was supposed to deal with, were abandoned. In addition, urban forestry in this allotment was very low: beyond those not implanted public open spaces, the planting along the permanent preservation areas had not been implemented and street trees were almost nonexistent. The literature reviewed in this research showed a consistent relationship between urban forestry, leisure and violence reduction in the Northern Hemisphere countries and also in Brazil. The lack of urban forestry and leisure represents a very small part of the privation observed in the study area, but the availability of public open spaces might turn it into an environmentally and socially a more supportive place to live.

We insist upon “green space”, but the term’s vague cast brings little into focus. In this thesis I search out what it is that we look for in green space. I consider some ways, within our North American context, that we interact with it, represent it, speak about it and write about it. Drawing together evidence from a diverse range of sources in myth and mapping, poetry, classical philosophy, feminist theory, language, and personal experience, I find enigmatic but persistent geometries of desire binding us to the notion of green space. These desires for green space manifest themselves in relationships of practical dependence, imaginative dependence, violence, and love. But most of all green space is at work, wherever it emerges, at the core of our becoming-other.

We insist upon “green space”, but the term’s vague cast brings little into focus. In this thesis I search out what it is that we look for in green space. I consider some ways, within our North American context, that we interact with it, represent it, speak about it and write about it. Drawing together evidence from a diverse range of sources in myth and mapping, poetry, classical philosophy, feminist theory, language, and personal experience, I find enigmatic but persistent geometries of desire binding us to the notion of green space. These desires for green space manifest themselves in relationships of practical dependence, imaginative dependence, violence, and love. But most of all green space is at work, wherever it emerges, at the core of our becoming-other.

abstract: This doctoral dissertation research aims to develop a comprehensive definition of urban open spaces and to determine the extent of environmental, social and economic impacts of open spaces on cities and the people living there. The approach I take to define urban open space is to apply fuzzy set theory to conceptualize the physical characteristics of open spaces. In addition, a 'W-green index' is developed to quantify the scope of greenness in urban open spaces. Finally, I characterize the environmental impact of open spaces' greenness on the surface temperature, explore the social benefits through observing recreation and relaxation, and identify the relationship between housing price and open space be creating a hedonic model on nearby housing to quantify the economic impact. Fuzzy open space mapping helps to investigate the landscape characteristics of existing-recognized open spaces as well as other areas that can serve as open spaces. Research findings indicated that two fuzzy open space values are effective to the variability in different land-use types and between arid and humid cities. W-Green index quantifies the greenness for various types of open spaces. Most parks in Tempe, Arizona are grass-dominant with higher W-Green index, while natural landscapes are shrub-dominant with lower index. W-Green index has the advantage to explain vegetation composition and structural characteristics in open spaces. The outputs of comprehensive analyses show that the different qualities and types of open spaces, including size, greenness, equipment (facility), and surrounding areas, have different patterns in the reduction of surface temperature and the number of physical activities. The variance in housing prices through the distance to park was, however, not clear in this research. This dissertation project provides better insight into how to describe, plan, and prioritize the functions and types of urban open spaces need for sustainable living. This project builds a comprehensive framework for analyzing urban open spaces in an arid city. This dissertation helps expand the view for urban environment and play a key role in establishing a strategy and finding decision-makings. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Geography 2011

The research programme was relevant to urban planning and in particular to the design of stormwater management schemes that are more environmentally and socially acceptable. It examined social and perception issues relating to stormwater management techniques within residential areas, and in particular to the application of SUDS, mainly ponds, and river management schemes. The thesis arose from a project funded by the Environment Agency of England and Wales through SNIFFER under a programme titled “Social impacts o f stormwater management techniques including river management and SUDS”, SNIFFER Code: SUDS01. The public perception of construction is becoming a matter of increasing importance both in the UK and internationally since socio-economic parameters and public consultation both have to be taken into consideration in the planning and implementation of relevant projects. This research programme endeavoured to match the relevant legislative goals with society’s actual needs. The main aims of the research programme were to obtain an in-depth understanding and knowledge of the perceptions of popular stormwater management practices (SUDS and river management), and to evaluate these techniques from a social perspective. To satisfy these aims the following objectives were set: • To assess public awareness and perceptions of SUDS (particularly retention ponds) in the UK; • To assess professional perceptions of SUDS in the UK; • To assess perceptions of different stormwater management techniques, in three European cities; • To compare perceptions of different stormwater management techniques, SUDS and river management practices; • To link the research findings with trends in perceptions of nature and water. To meet the programme’s aims and to satisfy the objectives, the perceptions of SUDS in the UK (principally ponds) were investigated over a wide range of locations. In addition, the different river management approaches used in three heavily urbanised European cities, Glasgow, London, and Athens were investigated. The results of this research programme provide a means to understand perceptions of stormwater management and to appreciate what types of schemes will be more readily accepted by the public. The research has shown that members of the public hold strong views as to what they like or dislike about SUDS and water management installations in their local area, in spite of the fact that there were demonstrably low levels of public awareness of SUDS. The amenity, recreational value and aesthetics of new schemes seem to be of major importance for public acceptability, while function, efficiency, and maintenance are primarily important in areas facing flooding problems. Other key findings include the fact that there is a general preference for sustainable urban water management and for river restoration schemes compared with more conventional, ‘hard engineering’ approaches, such as culverting of rivers. This preference was expressed both by members of the public and by professionals involved in their planning and implementation. Another important result was that although unfamiliarity can produce negativity, education can influence attitudes positively even in sensitive issues such as safety, and can be used by authorities and planners as a means of enhancing the acceptability of new schemes. Consequently, the results of the surveys can be used as arguments towards the application of informative campaigns which should be taken into account prior to scheme implementation. This information can be utilised not only for stormwater management design, but also for other environmentally friendly constructions which the public may have a low level of awareness. Recommendations are made with respect to public and professional attitudes for improving the public acceptability of new and modified stormwater management systems. Recommendations and barriers to the uptake outlined in this thesis mainly refer to the appearance of schemes rather than technical issues. They are therefore of most use as guidance for improving aesthetics and increasing public acceptability. The outcomes of this research will be of use to policy makers, water companies, local authorities, environment agencies, planners, developers, consultants active in urban development, and researchers in applying wider-accepted practices for the assessment of public perception. Some findings from this research have been presented at several stakeholders’ meetings, at 4 conferences, and are published in the form of papers and reports, including the DTI SR 622 report titled “An Assessment of the Social Impacts of Sustainable Drainage Systems in the UK”, and the Environment Agency & SNIFFER report, SUDS01, 2005, titled “Social Impacts of stormwater management techniques including river management and SUDS”. This publication also constitutes Environment Agency R&D Technical report P2-258.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-05-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:53:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bendrath_ea_me_prud.pdf: 2306920 bytes, checksum: eeda6b43b208063d883742b8dbab659a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Este projeto foi desenvolvido no âmbito da Linha de Pesquisa “Políticas Públicas, Organização Escolar e Formação de Professores” do Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista. Entendemos políticas públicas como medidas e estratégias de caráter público definidas pela ação do Estado em virtude de necessidades e interesses da sociedade. Tendo como horizonte tais políticas, o governo paulista instituiu em 2003 com apoio da UNESCO e outros órgãos não-governamentais, o Programa Escola da Família, favorecendo o acesso das comunidades intra e extra-escolar a modelos de educação não formal, abrangendo toda a rede de escolas da Secretaria de Educação de São Paulo. No final de 2006 com a troca de governo estadual houve um corte drástico de recursos destinados ao programa, e mais de 50% das escolas da rede estadual tiveram as atividades aos finais de semana encerradas por medida direta da Secretaria de Educação. Dessa forma, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar o Programa Escola da Família tomando-o como política pública compensatória, averiguando o seu desenvolvimento junto às populações-alvo; nesse caso dados oficiais foram analisados e um censo foi aplicado para a verificação resultante da relação entre as propostas do Estado e o processo de Cultura da Paz da UNESCO. A metodologia usada obedeceu aos princípios fundamentais descritos na literatura para avaliação de políticas públicas, sendo dessa forma caracterizada como uma pesquisa de avaliação de processo. O lócus do estudo foi circunscrito à Diretoria de Ensino de Presidente Prudente, tendo como base quatro escolas estaduais posicionadas em regiões distintas... / This project was developed under research line “Public Policy, School Organization and Teacher Education” Program Master Education in the Faculty of Science and Technology of the U/ESP - São Paulo State University. We can understand public policy measures and strategies of a public character that regulate and define the activities of the state. The direct economic influence of international organizations in the state characterized as a result of multilateral agreements with pre-set targets. Education is the starting point for many of these agreements, the reduction of marginal youth, cultural openness and qualification of manpower processes are typical of social and economic development. The horizon of such policies, the São Paulo government established in 2003 with support from UNESCO and other nongovernmental organizations, the Family School program, encouraging community access and intra-school models of non-formal education, covering the entire network Schools Department of Education of Sao Paulo. At the end of 2006 with the exchange of state government was a drastic cut in funds for the program, and more than 50% of schools in the state have activities on weekends closed by direct measurement of the Department of Education. Thus, this work aims at analyzing the Family School program, taking it as a public policy allowance. We intend to investigate the impact of those outputs to the target populations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Alberto Albuquerque Gomes / Banca: Antonio Bosco de Lima / Banca: Everaldo dos Santos Melazzo / Resumo: Este projeto foi desenvolvido no âmbito da Linha de Pesquisa "Políticas Públicas, Organização Escolar e Formação de Professores" do Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista. Entendemos políticas públicas como medidas e estratégias de caráter público definidas pela ação do Estado em virtude de necessidades e interesses da sociedade. Tendo como horizonte tais políticas, o governo paulista instituiu em 2003 com apoio da UNESCO e outros órgãos não-governamentais, o Programa Escola da Família, favorecendo o acesso das comunidades intra e extra-escolar a modelos de educação não formal, abrangendo toda a rede de escolas da Secretaria de Educação de São Paulo. No final de 2006 com a troca de governo estadual houve um corte drástico de recursos destinados ao programa, e mais de 50% das escolas da rede estadual tiveram as atividades aos finais de semana encerradas por medida direta da Secretaria de Educação. Dessa forma, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar o Programa Escola da Família tomando-o como política pública compensatória, averiguando o seu desenvolvimento junto às populações-alvo; nesse caso dados oficiais foram analisados e um censo foi aplicado para a verificação resultante da relação entre as propostas do Estado e o processo de Cultura da Paz da UNESCO. A metodologia usada obedeceu aos princípios fundamentais descritos na literatura para avaliação de políticas públicas, sendo dessa forma caracterizada como uma pesquisa de avaliação de processo. O lócus do estudo foi circunscrito à Diretoria de Ensino de Presidente Prudente, tendo como base quatro escolas estaduais posicionadas em regiões distintas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This project was developed under research line "Public Policy, School Organization and Teacher Education" Program Master Education in the Faculty of Science and Technology of the U/ESP - São Paulo State University. We can understand public policy measures and strategies of a public character that regulate and define the activities of the state. The direct economic influence of international organizations in the state characterized as a result of multilateral agreements with pre-set targets. Education is the starting point for many of these agreements, the reduction of marginal youth, cultural openness and qualification of manpower processes are typical of social and economic development. The horizon of such policies, the São Paulo government established in 2003 with support from UNESCO and other nongovernmental organizations, the Family School program, encouraging community access and intra-school models of non-formal education, covering the entire network Schools Department of Education of Sao Paulo. At the end of 2006 with the exchange of state government was a drastic cut in funds for the program, and more than 50% of schools in the state have activities on weekends closed by direct measurement of the Department of Education. Thus, this work aims at analyzing the Family School program, taking it as a public policy allowance. We intend to investigate the impact of those outputs to the target populations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

O trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para a compreensão da expansão urbana e do papel do sistema de espaços livres, a partir de um recorte regional do interior paulista, que compreende os municípios de São Carlos, Ibaté, Araraquara, Gavião Peixoto, Américo Brasiliense, Santa Lúcia, Rincão, Guatapará, Luiz Antônio, Cravinhos, São Simão, Ribeirão Preto, Pradópolis, Dumont, Barrinha e Sertãozinho. Para tanto, partiu-se de um estudo histórico da formação da área de estudos, considerando a importância dos ciclos econômicos agrícolas e da industrialização, para compreender a dinâmica urbana e econômica atual e as principais ações e gestões municipais para o planejamento da paisagem, de maneira a compreender a importância dos espaços livres desde a escala regional aos lugares do cotidiano. / The objective of this research is to contribute to the understanding of urban sprawl in relation to the system of open spaces. This was done through the regional studies within the interior of São Paulo State, correlating the following municipalities: São Carlos, Ibaté, Araraquara, Gavião Peixoto, Américo Brasiliense, Santa Lúcia, Rincão, Guatapará, Luiz Antônio, Cravinhos, São Simão, Ribeirão Preto, Pradópolis, Dumont, Barrinha and Sertãozinho. As a result, a historical approach on the studied area was carried out in order to accurately comprehend its agricultural and economic cycles as well as its industrialization so as to understand its current urban and economic dynamics. In so doing the municipal management of landscape planning is viewed as a vital tool to shed light onto open spaces both at a regional and daily life local scale.

Lawrence Halprin foi um arquiteto paisagista norte-americano que atuou profissionalmente entre 1945 e 2009. Sua prática holística, multifacetada, experimentalista e transdisciplinar aplicada ao processo de pensar a paisagem e projetar os ambientes humanos resultaram numa abordagem compreensiva e inovadora ao design.Assumindo a relevância de suaprática na paisagem, esta dissertação procurou entender e discutir sua trajetória profissional sob o ponto de vista do processo de design. O recorte abrange o período de transição entre os anos 1950 e a primeira metade da década de 1960. O trabalho foi organizado de forma que se compreenda o objeto da pesquisa, que também é sujeito, frente as suas origens, influências, referências e contextos, para então percorrer seu processo de design, cujos temas abordados por este trabalho correspondem aos subsídios que servem para embasar a discussão entre discurso e prática em duas de suas principais obras: o condomínio de veraneio SeaRanch, no condado de Sonoma (Califórnia), e a Sequência de Espaços Abertos da cidade de Portland (Oregon). / Lawrence Halprin was an american landscape architect professionally active for more than sixty years. His holistic,multifaceted, experimentalist and transdisciplinarypractice offers a way of thinking landscape and design in the human environment as a result of a comprehensive and innovative approach. Assuming his relevance under the field of landscape practice worldwide this thesis seeks to understand and discuss Halprin\'s professional lifewith an emphasis on his creative process or design process. The research focus was narrowed to the years of Halprin\'s first discoveries that lead him to developthe themes that characterize his comprehensive approach, which correspond to the beginnings of the fifties and the first decade of the sixties. The thesis\'s structure was organized to situate Halprin under the historical, artistic and social context of the fifties and sixties providing an insight in his origins and influences to then explore his design process with which are used to discuss the interface between his discourse and his practice using as case studies two of his major works: Sea Ranch, located in Sonoma Couny, California, and Portland Open Space Sequence, in Portland, Oregon.

The image of the postindustrial city is formed by public spaces (streets, plazas and squares, parks, riverfronts and waterfronts) together with a wide range of underused urban spaces and long-term unused areas of stalled spaces. The subject of this work is research of different types of urban gardening spaces and their optimal spatial, operational and functional parameters in the context of urbanism and urban planning. The aim is to apply them to the structure of unused urban spaces. On the basis of the case studies included in the research, the success of placement of individual community projects in different types of public spaces and stalled spaces is assessed. Recommendations for planning practice are based on these evaluations. The results of the work show that spaces with possibilities of horticultural production are a suitable solution for the temporary and also long-term use of under-utilized urban areas with many benefits in social, economic and environmental areas.