Background: The use of concentrated potassium may result in medication errors or, in worst case scenario, death. Sweden currently does not have any national best practices associated with the use of concentrated potassium, but the Region of Jönköping County (RJL) has initiated the development.  Aim: The study’s aim is to map the usage of concentrated potassium in RJL, compare their usage with the Region of Östergötland’s and find potential improvements compared to an international best practice.  Methods: A cross-sectional study divided into a register study and a scoping review of current literature regarding guidelines on the usage of concentrated potassium.  Results: The product purchased most often was Potassium Chloride (1 mmol/ml) (152 packages/year ± 5,36 in 2018-2021). Operation and intensive care unit bought concentrated potassium with highest frequency (24,3 packages/month ± 11,7 in 2009-2012), and the surgeon clinic prescribed concentrated potassium most often (256 prescriptions in 2021). RJLs’ templates include both potassium-chloride and -phosphate infusions, containing sodium chloride (0,9 mg/ml), glucose (50 – 100 mg/ml) or ringer acetate. None had a total volume < 1000 ml. The Region of Östergötland consistently used more mmol/care places of concentrated potassium than RJL during 2018-2021. Fourteen documents were collected containing 166 guidelines, which were divided into storage (15 guidelines), readily mixed infusions (15 guidelines), dosages (54 guidelines), safety (37 guidelines) and monitoring (19 guidelines).  Conclusion: This study shines a light on different factors related to safe storage and usage of concentrated potassium, as well as the need for regional and national guidelines.

Novel paint driers based on iron co-ordination complexes were investigated for use as stoving finishes in oil-based coatings. Cis 9, cis 12-octadecadienoic acid was employed as a model vehicle because of its high drying capacity. Iron compounds generally have low catalytic efficiency at low temperatures which however improve with rises in temperature. The catalytic efficiency of some iron compounds was compared with those of some conventional driers at room temperature; 60 C, 80 C and 1200 C. To make the results comparative, equal weights of drier (0.05%) metal were employed in one series of experiments. In another series, a much higher concentration (0.25%) metal based on the weight of 9,12-octadecadienoic acid was employed. Equal weights of drier combination(s) and variable drier weights were examined to determine synergism or antagonism in the autoxidative systems. Maximum oxygen absorption, changes in iodine and peroxide values were monitored to determine a comparative catalytic performance of the driers at the reaction temperatures used. The reactivity of iron co-ordination complexes was found to be influenced by the organic compound with which the iron is chelated. Zerovalent iron complexes can be employed as high temperature driers. For convenience some common names have been used for major chemicals of importance in this work, e. g., Linoleic acid; cis 9, cis 12-octadecadienoic acid. Ferrocene; dicyclopentadienyl iron.

Throughout church history, traditional interpretations of I Timothy 2:8-3:1 (a) have excluded women from ordained ministry in the church universal. The aim of this dissertation was to propose an alternative hermeneutical framework to effect fresh understanding of this text. A social-scientific approach utilised . models from sociology and communication theory. The socio-religious climate of Asia Minor particularly Ephesus between 59 and 64 C E is described. An assessment is made of the status of women in Asia Minor as well as in Hellenism, Romanism and Judaism. A textual analysis provided pointers to the aspects under research. Research findings strongly suggest that neither the text or the world beyond can be used to exclude women from full participation at all levels in the church. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / M.A. (Biblical Studies)

Throughout church history, traditional interpretations of I Timothy 2:8-3:1 (a) have excluded women from ordained ministry in the church universal. The aim of this dissertation was to propose an alternative hermeneutical framework to effect fresh understanding of this text. A social-scientific approach utilised . models from sociology and communication theory. The socio-religious climate of Asia Minor particularly Ephesus between 59 and 64 C E is described. An assessment is made of the status of women in Asia Minor as well as in Hellenism, Romanism and Judaism. A textual analysis provided pointers to the aspects under research. Research findings strongly suggest that neither the text or the world beyond can be used to exclude women from full participation at all levels in the church. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / M.A. (Biblical Studies)

Summaries in English, Sesotho and Isizulu / The doctrine and practices of ordination in the Methodist Church of Southern Africa (MCSA) were adopted from the Wesleyan Methodist Church in England when the Southern African Conference was constituted in 1882. This replication, together with the influences of colonialism and a Western epistemology, negatively impacted the ministry and mission of the church. In response to the appeals for the decolonisation and Africanisation of the denomination’s practices, aspects relating to both the doctrine and practices of ordination have been adapted from the colonial past to our southern African context. However, many elements remain Western and the food cooking in the African pot lacks the taste of authentic ingredients grown in southern African soil. The study researches whether a decolonised and Africanised model of ordination would be very different from existing understanding and practices and examines the impact that a new model would have on the MCSA. Drawing from literature and interviews with persons in leadership positions in the MCSA, the study determines those aspects of southern African culture and spirituality that would be appropriate to assimilate into the present doctrine and practices. The liturgy of the Service of Ordination forms the basis on which the contributions of southern African culture are applied to the doctrine and practices of ordination. A similar process of evaluation and assimilation follows when applying the data gained from the interviews to the doctrine and practices of ordination in the MCSA. The thesis then concludes by proposing concrete changes to both the doctrinal understanding and practice of ordination in the Methodist Church of Southern Africa. / Dithuto le ditlwaelo tsa ho hlomamiswa ha Kereke ya Methodist ya Afrika e Borwa (MCSA) di ile tsa amohelwa ho tswa Kerekeng ya Methodist ya Wesleyan ya Engelane ha Seboka sa Afrika e Borwa se thehwa ka 1882. Ho ikatisa hona, hammoho le ditshusumetso tsa bokolone le theori ya tsebo ya Bophirima, di amme tshebeletso le mosebetsi wa kereke. Ho arabela dillo bakeng sa ho tloswa ha thuto ya bokolone le Ho etsa dintho Seafrika ha ditlwaelo tsa bodumedi, dikarolo tse amanang le thuto le ditlwaelo tsa tlhomamiso ka bobedi di amohetswe ho tswa bokoloneng bo fetileng hofihlela maemong a rona a hona jwale. Leha ho le jwalo, dintho tse ngata di dutse e ntse e le tsa Bophirima, mme dijo tse ntseng di phehwa ka pitseng ya Afrika di haellwa ke tatso ya metswako e lengwang mobung wa Afrika e Borwa. Phuputso e batlisisa hore na mmotlolo o tlositsweng tsebo ya bokolone le o etsang dintho Seafrika wa tlhomamiso o ka fapana le kutlwisiso ya hona jwale le ditlwaelo le tshusumetso eo mmotlolo o motjha o ka bang le ona ho MCSA. Ho tswa ho dingodilweng le dipuisano le batho ba boemong ba boetapele ho MCSA, phuputso e lekanya dikarolo tseo tsa setso sa Afrika e Borwa le bomoya bo ka nepahalang ho utlwisisa ka botlalo thuto le ditlwaelo tsa hona jwale. Borapedi ba Tshebeletso ya Tlhomamiso bo etsa motheo oo ho ona diabo tsa setso sa Afrika e Borwa di sebediswang thutong ya tlhomamiso. Tshebetso e tshwanang ya iv tlhahlobo le kutlwisiso e phethahetseng dia latela ha ho sebediswa lesedi le fumanweng ho tswa dipuisanong ho thuto le ditlwaelo tsa tlhomamiso ho MCSA. Phuputso e phethela ka ho etsa tlhahiso ya diphetoho tse hlakileng kutlwisisong ya thuto le tlwaelong ya tlhomamiso Kerekeng ya Methodist ya Afrika e Borwa ka bobedi / Inqubo kanye nezinkambiso zokugcotshwa kwabefundisi eBandleni lamaWeseli, i-Methodist Church of Southern Africa (MCSA) kwathathelwa ebandleni i-Wesleyan Methodist Church eNgilandi ngenkathi kusungulwa i-Southern African Conference ngowe-1882. Ukwamukelwa kwenqubo leyo nezinkambiso, kanye nemithelela yenqubo yobukoloniyali, nokugxila kakhulu olwazini lwaseNtshonalanga, kwaba nomthelela omubi impela emsebenzini webandla wokuhambisa nokusabalalisa ivangeli. Njengomzamo wokusabela ezikhalazweni nezicelo zokuthi kushiywe phansi izinkambiso nezinqubo ezihlobene nenqubo yobukoloniyali futhi ebandleni kusetshenziswe izinkambiso ezisungulwe kwizwekazi lase-Afrika futhi ezihambelana kahle naleli zwekazi, sekuguqulwe izingxenye ezithile ezihlobene nenqubo kanye nezinkambiso zokugcotshwa kwabefundisi zisuswa esimweni sazo esedlule ebesihlobene nenqubo yobukoloniyali, futhi esezakhiwe ngendlela ezozwana futhi ihambelane kahle nesimo samanje esiphila kusona. Kodwa-ke, kusekuningi kakhulu okuphathelene nalezi zinkambiso okusagxile kakhulu ezinqubweni zaseNtshonalanga, futhi lokho-ke kubangela ukuthi ‘isitshulu esiphekwe ebhodweni lase-Afrika sizwakale singenakho ukunambitheka kwezithako ezilinywe emhlabathini waseNingizimu ye-Afrika’. Lolu cwaningo luzama ukuthola ukuthi inqubo yokugcoba abefundisi engalandeli izinkambiso zobukoloniyali zamazwe aseNtshonalanga futhi okuyinqubo egxile ezinkambisweni zase-Afrika ingaba nawo yini umehluko omkhulu kulokhu kuqonda okukhona njengamanje kanye nezinkambiso ezilandelwayo esikhathini samanje, futhi luzama ukubheka nomthelela ebingaba nawo inqubo entsha ebandleni i-MCSA. Ngokususela emibhalweni efundiwe kanye nezingxoxo ezibanjwe nabantu abasezikhundleni zobuholi ebandleni i-MCSA, ucwaningo luhlonza lezo zingxenye zosiko-mpilo kanye nezinkolelo ezingokomoya zaseNingizimu ye-Afrika ezingakulungela ukulunjaniswa nofakwa ngaphansi kwenqubo nezinkambiso ezilandelwa esikhathini samanje. Izinqubonkambiso kanye nemidanti yeNkonzo Yokugcotshwa Kwabefundisi kwakha isisekelo okusetshenziselwa phezu kwaso izinqubo ezithile, ezithathwe kusiko-mpilo lweNingizimu ye-Afrika, enqubweni yokugcotshwa kwabefundisi. Inqubo efanayo yokuhlola nokulumbanisa iyalandela ngenkathi kusetshenziswa idatha etholakale ezingxoxweni ezibanjwe nababambiqhaza bocwaningo mayelana nenqubo kanye nezinkambiso zokugcotshwa kwabefundisi ebandleni i-MCSA. Lo mbhalo wocwaningo uphetha ngokuthi uphakamise izinguquko eziphathekayo futhi ezinohlonze ezingenziwa kukho kokubili inqubo-kuqonda kanye nenkambiso yokugcotshwa kwabefundisi ebandleni i-Methodist Church of Southern Africa. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / PhD. (Systematic Theology)

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur samverkan fungerar och upplevs av olika yrkesgrupper från landsting och kommun som arbetar utifrån den så kallade Södertäljemodellen. Vi har genomfört kvalitativa intervjuer med åtta yrkesverksamma på en rehabiliteringsenhet för individer med psykossjukdomar. Studiens empiri analyseras med hjälp av samverkan som ett teoretiskt begrepp samt organisationsteori. Resultatet visar att samverkan fungerar genom formella och informella möten samt när de professionella behöver beakta andra yrkesgruppers bedömningar i det egna beslutsfattandet. Vidare visar resultatet att informanterna upplever att Södertäljemodellen leder till att yrkesgrupperna får en bättre förståelse för varandras arbetssätt, ett bättre samarbete och att insatser snabbare når patienterna/klienterna. Dock visar resultatet att de problem som informanterna upplever med denna typ av modell för samverkan är att den exempelvis leder till en otydlig arbetsfördelning samt svårigheter i att strukturera arbetsdagen. / The aim of this study is to examine how collaboration works and is experienced by health and social care workers in a psychiatric care unit. We have conducted qualitative interviews with eight professionals at a psychiatric care unit for individuals with mental illness, that work on the basis of Södertäljemodellen. The empirical data is analyzed using collaboration as a theoretical concept along with organization theory. The results show that collaboration works through formal and informal meetings and also when the professionals need to consider assessements made by other professionals in their decision making. Furthermore, the results show that the professionals experience that they have gained a better understanding of each other’s work, better cooperation and that assistance faster reaches the patients/clients. However, the study also sheds light on some of the problems experienced by the professionals, for example, that co-location can contribute to an indistinct division of labor and difficulties with the structure of the workday.

No description available.

The synthesis, characterisation and anion binding properties of a series of mono- and bifunctional Lewis acidic borylferrocene compounds are described within this thesis. The original parent compound FcBMes₂ (3.1), revealed a versatile route for the synthesis of such borylferrocenes and subsequently the analogous compound Fc*BMes₂ (3.2) was synthesised. The anion binding properties of (3.1) and (3.2) were investigated and both were shown to bind one equivalent of cyanide. The binding event was signalled by an electrochemical shift (ca. -560 mV) and a quenching of bands at 510 or 542 nm respectively in the UV/Vis spectrum, while the mode of anion binding in the solid state was established by X-ray crystallography for [ⁿBu₄N]⁺[(3.1)·CN]⁻. Incorporation of a suitable redox active dye (i.e. tetrazolium violet for 3.2) allowed conversion of the electrochemical response to a colorimetric change on cyanide binding. However, a competing response for fluoride is also seen for (3.1) and (3.2). Thus a two component system is reported involving (3.2) and the boronic ester FcB(OR)₂ (3.4), [where (OR)₂ = OCH(Ph)CH(Ph)O], which from previous research is known to selectively bind fluoride, and allows for selective colorimetric cyanide sensing by simple Boolean AND/NOT logic. 1,4-C₆H₄(BMes₂)[B(OR)₂] (3.5), 4,4-C₁₂H₈(BMes₂)[B(OR)₂] (3.6) and 1,1′-fc(BMes2)(B(OR)2) (3.7) were synthesised as possible single molecules for discrimination between cyanide and fluoride. (3.5) and (3.6) proved only capable of binding one equivalent of either anion, (3.7) showed some ability to bind two equivalents of fluoride however based on ESI-MS studies although only in the presence of a large excess of anion. Systematic variation of the para-boryl substituent was investigated by synthesis of compounds FcB(Xyl^F)₂ (4.1), FcB(Xyl)₂ (4.2) and FcB(Xyl^OMe)₂ (4.3). Anion binding studies reveal a linear increase in fluoride binding affinity consistent with that expected based on the para,/em>-Hammett parameters, however with only minor differences, while no pattern is observed with respect to their cyanide binding capabilities. The addition of neutral and cationic peripheral substituents has been investigated through synthesis of [1,2-fc(CH₂NMe₂)BMes₂] (4.6) and [1,2-fc(CH₂NMe₃)BMes₂]⁺ (4.7). Subsequent binding studies revealed (4.6) to be moisture sensitive, however reaction of (4.7) with fluoride and cyanide led to formation of the adducts [(4.7)·F]⁻ and [(4.7)·CN]⁻. The anion affinity of (4.7) exhibits a substantial increase when compared to the parent compound (3.1). Even when compared to the isomeric 1,1′ system an increase of approximately three orders of magnitude is seen attributed to the closer nature of the cationic charge and in the fluoride adduct the presence of a cooperative intramolecular hydrogen bond. The 1,1′-bifunctional analogues of the mono-substituted systems were synthesised [e.g. 1,2-fc(BMes₂)₂ (5.1)] and shown to complex two equivalents of fluoride or cyanide in acetonitrile. The 1:1 cyanide adduct of (5.1) was isolated in chloroform however, no evidence for chelation was observed. The analogous systems 1,2-fc(BMes₂)₂ (5.5), 1,2-fc(BXyl₂)2 (5.7), and 1,2-fc(BMes₂)(BXyl₂) (5.8) were also investigated. Reaction of (5.5) with fluoride and cyanide revealed it to bind only one equivalent of either anion, neither however was bound in a chelating fashion although X-ray crystallography revealed cyanide binds exo whilst fluoride binds endo to the B···B cavity. Finally the kinetics of fluoride binding were studied by UV/Vis spectroscopy and showed a systematic increase in rate constant upon reduction of steric bulk.

This thesis describes the synthesis, characterisation and reactivity of diamide-amine and bis(cyclopentadienyl) supported Group 4 hydrazido(2-) compounds towards unsaturated molecules. The mechanisms of these transformations are probed using a range of structural, kinetic and computational methods.

<div>Inferring genetic population structure in endangered, highly migratory species such as sea turtles is a necessary but difficult task in order to design conservation and management plans. Genetically discrete populations are not obvious in highly migratory species, yet require unique conservation planning due to unique spatial and behavioral life-history characteristics. Population structure may be inferred using slowly evolving mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), but some populations may have diverged recently and are difficult to detect using mtDNA. In these cases, rapidly evolving nuclear microsatellites may better elucidate population structuring. Bayesian inference and ordination may be useful for assigning individuals to inferred populations when populations are unknown. It is important to carefully examine population inference results to detect hierarchical population structuring, and to use multiple, mathematically diverse methods when inferring and describing population structure from genetic data. Here I use Bayesian inference, ordination, and multiple genetic analyses to investigate population structure in Olive ridley sea turtles (ORs; Lepidochelys olivacea) nesting in northwestern Costa Rica (NWCR) and across the entire Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP). Mitochondrial DNA did not show structure within NWCR, and existing data from prior studies are not appropriately published to compare NWCR to Mexican ORs. In NWCR, Bayesian inference suggested one population, but ordination suggested four moderately structured populations with high internal relatedness, and moderate to high levels of connectivity. In the ETP, Bayesian inference suggested a Mexican and Central American population, but hierarchical analysis revealed a third subpopulation within Mexico. Ordination revealed nine cryptic clusters across the ETP that primarily corresponded to Mexican and Central American populations but contained individuals from both populations, some from other, distant nesting sites. The subpopulation within Mexico was well-defined after ordination, and all clusters displayed high 10 internal relatedness and moderate genetic differentiation. Bottlenecks were detected in both putative populations, at seven Mexican and two Central American nesting beaches, and in six out of nine inferred clusters, including three out of four Mexican clusters. Bottleneck events may have played some role in cluster differentiation. Migration was significant from Mexico to Central America at multiple levels, but did not necessarily agree with potential migrants elucidated by ordination. Migration was generally lower between ordination-inferred clusters than between nesting sites or Bayesian-inferred clusters. Phylogenetic trees generally supported structuring by ordination, rather than by Bayesian inference. Structuring in ordination not tied to bottleneck events could be due to mating behaviors or patterns of nesting beach colonization dictated by environmental features. In this study, ordination provided a more practical and nuanced framework for defining MUs and DIPs in ETP ORs than did STRUCTURE. This may be due to hierarchical structuring within ETP ORs that may be present in other sea turtle populations and species. In the case of ETP ORs, hierarchical structure may be an artefact of recent population bottlenecks and subsequent recolonization of nesting beaches, or due to mating at foraging grounds or along migratory routes. Bayesian inference may not be the best method for population inference in highly migratory species such as sea turtles, which have a high potential for broad scale genetic connectivity, and therefore may display hierarchical population structuring not easily related to nesting sites. Future studies, and perhaps published studies, should incorporate Bayesian inference and ordination, as well as other measures of population divergence and descriptive statistics, when searching for population structure in highly migratory species such as sea turtles.</div>