Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-14T18:37:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Elisamara Caldeira do Nascimento.pdf: 1795022 bytes, checksum: f0542dfea7f8bcf0ed2dc8ad2238d37d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-14T18:37:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Elisamara Caldeira do Nascimento.pdf: 1795022 bytes, checksum: f0542dfea7f8bcf0ed2dc8ad2238d37d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-30 / CAPES / FAPERJ / Interest in organic agriculture has increased due to growing public concern with the quality of the food it consumes, the insecurity caused by rising food crises contamination and also aimed at environmental preservation. Organic agriculture offers numerous environmental advantages compared to conventional agriculture, since it is geared to improving biodiversity, restoring the natural ecological balance, soil conservation and water resources. Therefore, it is important to understand how and if these improvements are occurring in the environment and the soil in which agricultural systems are installed compared to other systems of occupation of areas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the soil of organic production farms in the municipality of Serop?dica- RJ, belonging to producers of the SerOrg?nico organization, as well as areas of pasture and preserved forest. For this, the work was divided into three chapters. In the first, a questionnaire was applied based on the ministry of agriculture producers notebook for all farmers in the association. It was clear that all producers have a great sense of the importance of producing quality food and they know the main techniques for this purpose. However, the difficulties that pass are the same as those faced by all small brazilian producers are marketing difficulties, lack of access to financial credit and technical assistance. In the second chapter, soil samples were collected for evaluation of fertility, grain size analysis, chemical and grain size fracioanamento organic matter and analysis of bacterial diversity by independent analysis of culture (DGGE). The areas of organic farming showed no soil fertility results that express the positive effects of cropping system. However, the attributes that most affect the fertility of the studied areas are pH, Ca, H + Al, P, Carbon, V%, total clay and degree of flocculation. Fractionation of organic matter showed that the more stable fractions are most related to the C present in the evaluated areas and soil management beneficially altered the structure of bacterial communities. In the third chapter, we evaluated the nutritional value of corn plants and italian style tomato conditioned to different commercial inputs of phosphorus and potassium base allowed for organic production system. Both P sources, as for sources of K, did not contribute to differences in the accumulation of dry matter and nutrients in plants of tomatoes and corn, however the italian-type tomato productivity averages were higher than 44 t / ha-1 when treatments they were associated with castor bean, showing that it is a viable alternative sources of fertilizers to organic producers. / O interesse pela agricultura org?nica tem aumentado devido a crescente preocupa??o da popula??o com a qualidade dos alimentos que consome, pela inseguran?a provocada pelas crescentes crises alimentares, por contamina??o e tamb?m visando ? preserva??o ambiental. A agricultura org?nica oferece numerosas vantagens ambientais, comparativamente a agricultura convencional, uma vez que est? orientada para melhoria da biodiversidade, restabelecimento do equil?brio ecol?gico natural, conserva??o dos solos e dos recursos h?dricos. Portanto, ? importante entender como, e se estas melhorias est?o ocorrendo no ambiente e nos solos em que os sistemas agr?colas est?o instalados comparando-se a demais sistemas de ocupa??o das ?reas. A proposta deste estudo foi avaliar os solos das ?reas de produ??o org?nica do munic?pio de Serop?dica- RJ, que pertencem a associa??o de produtores SerOrg?nico, assim como ?reas de pastagem e de mata preservada. Para isto, o trabalho foi dividido em tr?s cap?tulos. No primeiro, foi aplicado um question?rio baseado no Caderno de Produtores do Minist?rio da Agricultura para todos os agricultores da associa??o. Ficou claro que todos os produtores possuem uma grande percep??o da import?ncia de se produzir alimentos de qualidade e que eles conhecem as principais t?cnicas para tal fim. Contudo, as dificuldades pelas quais passam s?o as mesmas enfrentadas por todos os pequenos produtores brasileiros que s?o: dificuldade de comercializa??o, falta de acesso a cr?dito financeiro e assist?ncia t?cnica. No segundo cap?tulo, amostras de solo foram coletadas para avalia??o da fertilidade, an?lise granulom?trica, fracioanamento qu?mico e granulom?trico da mat?ria org?nica e an?lise de diversidade de bact?rias por an?lise independente de cultivo (DGGE). As ?reas de agricultura org?nica n?o apresentaram resultados de fertilidade do solo que expressam os efeitos positivos do sistema de cultivo. Contudo, os atributos que mais afetam a fertilidade das ?reas estudadas s?o pH, Ca, H+ Al, P, Carbono, V%, Argila Total e Grau de Flocula??o. O fracionamento da mat?ria org?nica demonstrou que as fra??es mais est?veis s?o as que mais se relacionam com o C presente nas ?reas avaliadas e, o manejo do solo alterou beneficamente a estrutura das comunidades bacterianas. J? no terceiro cap?tulo, avaliaram-se os aspectos nutricionais de plantas de milho e tomate do tipo italiano condicionadas a diferentes insumos comerciais a base de f?sforo e pot?ssio permitidos para o Sistema org?nico de produ??o. Tanto as fontes de P, quanto as fontes de K n?o contribu?ram para diferen?as no ac?mulo de mat?ria seca e nutrientes nas plantas de tomates e milho, entretanto as m?dias de produtividade de tomate tipo italiano foram superiores a 44 t/ha-1 quando os tratamentos foram associadas a torta de mamona, mostrando-se estas fontes alternativas vi?veis para aduba??o ao produtor org?nico.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-05-03T18:11:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Ana Paula Capello Rezende.pdf: 3275323 bytes, checksum: 8f2fb2ab6c119f7f2989532bcf35a7bb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-03T18:11:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Ana Paula Capello Rezende.pdf: 3275323 bytes, checksum: 8f2fb2ab6c119f7f2989532bcf35a7bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-11 / This works purposed to contribute for the planning of the Sustainable Development Project ?PDS Unidos Venceremos? located at the Porto Seguro city, Bahia. To that end the territorial and environmental characterization of the Santa Maria II Farm and the environmental perception analysis of families living in the area was aimed. Also, were realized awareness activities about the environmental conservation needs and use possibilities of natural resources from the settlement with attention to the Brazilian Forest Code. A methodological proposal for collective construction for the ?PDS Unidos Venceremos? environmental planning was developed. Field data survey, maps, workshops and field days meetings with the families were done. In addition, a proposal of topics to the participative environmental planning of the PDS was elaborated. Through the analyzed period, from 2013 to 2016, changes happened in the perception and practice of families concerning the use of fire, agrochemicals and chemical fertilizers. The use of participatory methodologies contributed to the families? incorporation of agroecological practices. The environmental planning is fundamental to the establishment of a rural settlement and the steps to the participatory construction must be organized according to each reality. The use of the watershed concept contributed to the construction of a holistic and integrated perspective of the territory to be planned. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi contribuir para o planejamento ambiental e efetiva??o territorial do Projeto de Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel Unidos Venceremos, localizado no munic?pio de Porto Seguro, Bahia. Para tanto, buscou-se a caracteriza??o territorial e ambiental da Fazenda Santa Maria II e a an?lise da percep??o ambiental das fam?lias que viviam na ?rea. Tamb?m foram realizadas a??es para a sensibiliza??o das fam?lias quanto ? necessidade de conserva??o e possibilidades de uso dos recursos naturais do assentamento com ?nfase em APP, RL e uso da ?gua. Bem como a estrutura??o de uma proposta metodol?gica para constru??o coletiva do planejamento ambiental do PDS Unidos Venceremos. Foram realizados levantamentos de dados de campo, elabora??o de mapas, oficinas e dias de campo com as fam?lias acampadas, al?m da estrutura??o de uma proposta de temas para o planejamento ambiental participativo do PDS. Ao longo do per?odo analisado, 2013 a 2016, verificaram-se avan?os na percep??o e na pr?tica das fam?lias quanto ao uso do fogo, agrot?xicos e fertilizantes qu?micos. As metodologias participativas utilizadas contribu?ram para a incorpora??o pelas fam?lias de pr?ticas agroecol?gicas. O planejamento ambiental ? fundamental para a efetiva??o de um assentamento rural. Os passos para uma constru??o participativa devem ser organizados de acordo com cada realidade. A utiliza??o do conceito de bacia hidrogr?fica contribuiu para a constru??o de uma vis?o hol?stica e integrada do territ?rio a ser planejado.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-16T14:12:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Gerhard Valkinir Cabreira.pdf: 1076645 bytes, checksum: 61bdbca123cd46ef5ee16794ef55fd17 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T14:12:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Gerhard Valkinir Cabreira.pdf: 1076645 bytes, checksum: 61bdbca123cd46ef5ee16794ef55fd17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / One of the ways to promote forest restoration is through the planting of shrub and tree species for the formation of forest stands. For this, it is necessary to obtain quality seedlings, as it will provide greater capacity to withstand the adverse conditions found in the field; and this quality is closely related to the choice of container type and substrate. Among the products with potential of use as substrate for the production of the forest seedlings is the stabilized sewage sludge (biosolid). A solid waste from Sewage Treatment Plants, rich in organic matter and nutrients, which allows an increase in nursery production, cost reduction and an adequate form of solid waste recycling. In this context, the first part of this study had the objective of evaluating the growth of seedlings of three forest species produced in tubes of 110 and 280 cm3, with increasing doses of controlled release fertilizer applied to biosolids as substrate base. Also, the survival and initial growth of these seedlings after planting were evaluated. In this analysis, the results showed that the seedlings of the three species responded positively to the addition of controlled release fertilizer to the biosolids. Field planting showed good survival and seedling growth, indicating that it was better to produce seedlings of the three species in 280 cm3 tubes with 3 kg of controlled release fertilizer N-P-K (15-09-12) per m3 of biosolids, applied at the time of filling of the tubes. From the results of the biosolids in the nursery, the objective was to evaluate the use of biosolids as fertilizer in field conditions, comparing them to the use of mineral fertilization, using two forest species with controlled growth and response. In the first months after planting, there was basically no significant difference between the use of biosolids and mineral fertilization / Uma das maneiras de impulsionar a restaura??o florestal ? com o plantio de esp?cies arbustivas e arb?reas para a forma??o dos povoamentos florestais. Para isso, faz-se necess?rio a obten??o de mudas de qualidade, pois ir? proporcionar maior capacidade de resistirem ?s condi??es adversas encontradas no campo; e essa qualidade est? intimamente relacionada ? escolha do tipo de recipiente e do substrato. Dentre os produtos com potencial de uso como substrato para produ??o das mudas florestais tem-se o lodo de esgoto estabilizado (bioss?lido). Um res?duo s?lido oriundo das Esta??es de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETEs), rico em mat?ria org?nica e nutrientes e que possibilita aumento na produ??o dos viveiros, diminui??o de custos, al?m de constituir uma forma adequada de reciclagem de res?duos s?lidos. Nesse contexto, a primeira parte desse estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o crescimento de mudas de tr?s esp?cies florestais produzidas em tubetes de 110 e de 280 cm3, com doses crescentes de fertilizante de libera??o controlada N-P-K (15-09-12) aplicados ao bioss?lido como substrato base. Tamb?m, foi avaliado a sobreviv?ncia e crescimento inicial destas mudas ap?s plantio. Nessa an?lise, os resultados mostraram que as mudas das tr?s esp?cies responderam positivamente ao acr?scimo de fertilizante de libera??o controlada junto ao bioss?lido. O plantio em campo apresentou boa sobreviv?ncia e crescimento das mudas, indicando ser melhor produzir mudas das tr?s esp?cies, em tubetes de 280 cm3 com 3 kg de fetilizante de libera??o controla N-P-K (15-09-12) por m3 de bioss?lido, aplicados na ?poca de enchimento dos tubetes. A partir dos resultados que o bioss?lido apresentava no viveiro, buscou-se avaliar o uso do bioss?lido como aduba??o de plantio em condi??es de campo, comparando ao uso de fertiliza??o mineral, utilizando duas esp?cies florestais de crescimento e resposta controlada. Nos primeiros meses ap?s o plantio, basicamente n?o houve diferen?a significativa entre o uso de bioss?lido e fertiliza??o mineral

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-06T18:31:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Marcelo Vin?cius da Silva.pdf: 1010543 bytes, checksum: 23139cdc72e275133694cd8cbab18280 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-06T18:31:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Marcelo Vin?cius da Silva.pdf: 1010543 bytes, checksum: 23139cdc72e275133694cd8cbab18280 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-02 / CAPES / CNPq / Treated sewage sludge, called biosolid, contains high levels of macronutrients and organic matter, potentially being a great input for agricultural and forestry use. However, studies on the growth response of native forest tree species to biosolids fertilization are still very incipient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sewage sludge biosolids on the growth of seven Atlantic Forest tree species, commonly used in restoration plantations. In a field experiment in Serop?dica, RJ, was evaluated the effect of four doses of biosolids (0, 2, 4 and 8 L per planting pit) and a treatment with mineral fertilization on the growth of seven tree species. During 19 months, growth (height and diameter at soil height - DNS) and survival of the species Schinus terebinthifolius Radd were monitored. (Aroeira), Lafoensia glyptocarpa KOEHNE (mirindiba), Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. (Ingla-laurine), Senna multijuga (Rich.) (Pau-cigarra), Genipa americana (Vell.) Brenan (genipapo). In a second planting, under the same treatments, the species Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub (dry flour) and Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong (black ear) were monitored for 9 months. At the end of the monitoring period, the crown diameter and macronutrient leaf contents were also evaluated. The dose of up to 4 L of biosolid did not compromise the survival of the plants in the field. However, under the mineral fertilizer treatment, all plants of S. multijuga, 80% of I. laurina and 67% of plants of L. glyptocarpa, probably due to the effect of fertilizer salts on soil water potential Conjugated to the occurrence of a drought period after planting. The increase of the biosolid dose corresponded to a linear increase of the growth of the DNS of S. terebinthifolius, and of the growth in height, DNS and cup diameter of P. dubium. However, application of the 8 L dose of biosolids reduced up to 50% growth of S. multijuga. The species I. laurina, G. americana and E. contortisiliquum showed no response to biosolid application. Mineral fertilization significantly reduced the growth of S. terebinthifolius (p <0.05) and a similar trend was observed for G. americana, L. glyptocarpa and P. dubium (p <0.17). However, this same treatment increased the height growth of E. contortisiliquum by 70% in relation to the non-fertilized control. In general, the treatments did not significantly alter the macronutrient contents of the evaluated species. A clear exception was the increase of the Ca content in plants of L. glyptocarpa that received biosolids, and the increase of the N content in P. dubium treated with mineral fertilization. It is concluded that the different native forest species present different responses to the biosolid application. The dose of 4 L of biosolid was the only one that had no negative effect or promoted the growth of the Atlantic Forest tree species evaluated. It is recommended that similar studies be carried out on other soil types with other species in order to refine the recommendation of the use of biosolids in forest restoration plantations. Finally, caution is suggested in the use of mineral fertilizers for plantations with native species, as this practice may result in mortality or slow the growth of some species. / O lodo de esgoto tratado, denominado bioss?lido, cont?m altos teores de macronutrientes e mat?ria org?nica sendo, potencialmente, um ?timo insumo para utiliza??o agr?cola e florestal. Entretanto, estudos sobre a resposta de crescimento de esp?cies arb?reas florestais nativas ? aduba??o com bioss?lido ainda s?o muito incipientes. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos proporcionados pela aplica??o de bioss?lido de lodo de esgoto sobre o crescimento de sete esp?cies arb?reas da Mata Atl?ntica, comumente utilizadas em plantios de restaura??o. Em um experimento de campo em Serop?dica, RJ, foi avaliado o efeito de quatro doses de bioss?lido (0, 2, 4 e 8 L por cova de plantio) e um tratamento com fertiliza??o mineral sobre o crescimento de sete esp?cies arb?reas. Ao longo de 19 meses foi monitorado o crescimento (altura e di?metro ? altura do solo ? DNS) e a sobreviv?ncia das esp?cies Schinus terebinthifolius Radd. (aroeira), Lafoensia glyptocarpa KOEHNE (mirindiba), Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. (ing?-laurina), Senna multijuga (Rich.) (pau-cigarra), Genipa americana (Vell.) Brenan (jenipapo). Em um segundo plantio, sob os mesmos tratamentos, foi monitorado por 9 meses as esp?cies Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub (farinha-seca) e Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong (orelha-de-negro). Ao final do per?odo de monitoramento, foi avaliado tamb?m o di?metro de copa e os teores foliares de macronutrientes. A dose de at? 4 L de bioss?lido n?o comprometeu a sobreviv?ncia das plantas em campo. Por?m, sob o tratamento com fertilizante mineral houve mortalidade de todas as plantas de S. multijuga, 80% de I. laurina e 67% das plantas de L. glyptocarpa, provavelmente em raz?o do efeito dos sais do fertilizante sobre o potencial h?drico do solo conjugado ? ocorr?ncia de um per?odo de estiagem ap?s o plantio. O aumento da dose de bioss?lido correspondeu a um aumento linear do crescimento do DNS de S. terebinthifolius, e do crescimento em altura, DNS e di?metro de copa de P. dubium. Entretanto, a aplica??o da dose de 8 L de bioss?lido reduziu em at? 50% o crescimento de S. multijuga. As esp?cies I. laurina, G. americana e E. contortisiliquum n?o apresentaram resposta ? aplica??o de bioss?lido. A aduba??o mineral reduziu significativamente o crescimento de S. terebinthifolius (p<0,05) e tend?ncia similar foi observada para G. americana, L. glyptocarpa e P. dubium (p<0,17). Entretanto, esse mesmo tratamento aumentou em 70% o crescimento em altura de E. contortisiliquum em rela??o ao controle n?o adubado. Em geral, os tratamentos n?o alteraram significativamente os teores de macronutrientes foliares das esp?cies avaliadas. Uma clara exce??o foi o aumento do teor de Ca em plantas de L. glyptocarpa que receberam bioss?lido, e o aumento do teor de N em P. dubium tratado com aduba??o mineral. Conclui-se que as diferentes esp?cies florestais nativas apresentam respostas distintas ? aplica??o de bioss?lido. A dose de 4 L/cova de bioss?lido foi a ?nica que n?o teve efeito negativo ou promoveu o crescimento da das esp?cies arb?reas da Mata Atl?ntica avaliadas. Recomenda-se que estudos similares sejam efetuados em outros tipos de solo com outras esp?cies de modo refinar a recomenda??o do uso do bioss?lido em plantios de restaura??o florestal. Por fim, sugere-se cautela no uso de fertilizantes minerais para plantios com esp?cies nativas, pois esta pr?tica pode resultar em mortalidade ou retardar o crescimento de algumas esp?cies.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-25T19:07:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Gisele Almeida Ferreira Bentes.pdf: 1306978 bytes, checksum: 93e521ee8ae3d5f96ac3ef5491ae3d6e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-25T19:07:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Gisele Almeida Ferreira Bentes.pdf: 1306978 bytes, checksum: 93e521ee8ae3d5f96ac3ef5491ae3d6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-24 / The present study had as objective to evaluate the durability of eight systems of production of vegetables in agroecological transition in the municipalities of Capim Branco and Matozinhos, belonging to the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, with the application of the IDEA method. In the IDEA (Indicators of Durability of Exploitations Agricole) method, the durability quantification is proposed through a matrix with 41 indicators, grouped into 10 components, which comprise three dimensions: agro-environmental (19 indicators), socio-territorial (16) and economic (6). The combination of the values of the indicators allows measuring the durability of each dimension, which can vary from zero to 100 points. The structure of the method defines that the durability of the production system is limited by the dimension that presents the lowest score. The conceptual model involves aspects of the natural, social and human sciences that, by adapting some indicators to the reality of local agroecosystems, allows the quantitative measurement of durability. The selected properties were the certified organic family farmers, non-certified and with SAT certified (without pesticides), whose main economic activity was the cultivation of vegetables. In these units, the IDEA method was applied in January 2016 through interviews conducted at the production units. In the evaluations, some obstacles were observed that limit the potential of the region as an important producer of organic vegetables. These limitations range from the lack of local inputs to lack of governmental incentive, as well as a precarious process of social organization. From the results found, it can be reported that the durability of the municipalities studied is limited by the socio-territorial dimension, which presented an average score of 65%. In addition, the economic dimension can be improved because, although it is not the limiting factor, according to the method, it presented an average score of 71%. On the other hand, the agri-environmental dimension showed a high score, above 87%. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a durabilidade de oito sistemas de produ??o de oler?colas em transi??o agroecol?gica nos munic?pios de Capim Branco e Matozinhos, pertencentes ? regi?o metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, atrav?s da aplica??o do m?todo IDEA. No m?todo IDEA (Indicateurs de Durabilit? des Exploitations Agricole), postula-se a quantifica??o da durabilidade por meio de uma matriz com 41 indicadores, agrupados em 10 componentes, que comp?em tr?s dimens?es: agroambiental (19 indicadores), s?cio territorial (16) e econ?mica (6). A combina??o dos valores dos indicadores permite aferir durabilidade de cada dimens?o, que pode variar de zero a 100 pontos. A estrutura do m?todo define que a durabilidade em sistemas de produ??o ? limitada pela dimens?o que apresentar o menor escore. O modelo conceitual envolve aspectos das ci?ncias naturais, sociais e humanas, que mediante a adapta??o de alguns indicadores ? realidade dos agroecossistemas locais, permite a mensura??o quantitativa da durabilidade. As propriedades selecionadas foram de agricultores familiares org?nicos certificados, n?o certificados e com a certifica??o SAT (sem agrot?xicos), que tinham como principal atividade econ?mica o cultivo de hortali?as. Nessas unidades, o m?todo IDEA foi aplicado em Janeiro de 2016 por meio de entrevistas realizadas nas unidades produtivas. Nas avalia??es, foram observados alguns entraves que limitam o potencial da regi?o como importante produtora de hortali?as org?nicas. Essas limita??es compreendem desde a falta de insumos locais at? a falta de incentivo governamental, al?m de prec?rio processo de organiza??o social. A partir dos resultados encontrados, pode-se relatar que a durabilidade dos munic?pios estudados est? limitada pela dimens?o socioterritorial, a qual apresentou um escore m?dio de 65%. Al?m disso, a dimens?o econ?mica pode ser melhorada, pois, apesar de n?o ser o fator limitante, de acordo com o m?todo, apresentou escore m?dio de 71%. Por outro lado, observa-se que a dimens?o agroambiental apresentou escore elevado, acima de 87%.

A field research-based statistical study was used to investigate successes and failures of Six Sigma methodologies based projects. Six Sigma methodologies require that projects be designed, planned, and implemented using techniques specifically designed to achieve desired benefits that are based on the method's key drivers for project success. This study addressed an identified gap in the literature that Six Sigma projects do not fail because of Six Sigma methodologies, but that the projects can fail because of deficient support processes. Six Sigma projects that do not achieve the desired benefits are often labeled as "fads". Research questions related to management support processes for Six Sigma projects addressed whether the project was properly scoped and if Six Sigma projects were conducted with the appropriate methodological framework. Field research data were collected using a 5-point, Likert self-administered survey, which was provided to a sample of 206 Six Sigma Black Belt practitioners and project participants. The survey data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to identify probable significance of the results. The general data results concluded that Six Sigma projects do not fail solely because of Six Sigma methodology; instead, failure was attributed to other unexamined reasons and factors. Successful Six Sigma projects, which are deployed to increase claims processing accuracy throughput for insurance companies and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, can trigger positive social change. Increased efficiencies should lead to improved cash flow for doctors and hospitals that will positively affect services offered, utilization processes, and their employees.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe anxiety disorder affecting cognitive function. 1 in 4 individuals exposed to a life-threatening event may develop PTSD, which is characterised by symptoms of hyperarousal, avoidance and intrusions. Although treatment is effective in most cases, the response is far from satisfactory. It is now clear that novel drug treatment and a better understanding of the neurobiology of PTSD are necessary if we are to realise a better response and treatment outcome in these patients. Glutamatergic pathways play an important role in cognition, while recent studies have emphasized a causal role for glutamate in PTSD, and of the potential value of glutamate receptor modulators in treating the disorder. Stress-related elevation in glutamate exerts detrimental effects on cognition, especially via activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, and has been implicated in PTSD associated cognitive deficits. Recently, the cr-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptor has been found to exert a modulatory action on NMDA receptor function. Ampakines are positive allosteric modulators of the AMPA receptor, and have demonstrated beneficial effects in animal models of learning as well as antidepressant action, and to improve short-term memory in humans. The aims of this study were firstly to study the effects of the ampakine, Org 26576, on spatial memory performance in healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats. Secondly, since PTSD is associated with pronounced deficits in cognition, we studied the ability of Org 26576 to modify stress-evoked spatial memory deficits in rats subjected to single prolonged stress (SPS), a putative animal model of PTSD. In both cases, neuroreceptor studies were performed to determine any relationship between hippocampal and cortical NMDA receptor binding characteristics and effects on spatial memory performance. After exposure of the animals to either normal handling or SPS conditions, spatial memory performance was assessed using a 5 day memory acquisition and consolidation protocol in a modified version of the Morris water maze (MWM). Experimental and control groups both received either saline (1 ml/kg i.p.) or Org 26576 at incremental doses of 1, 3 or 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally twice daily for 12 days. Separate groups of animals were used for the neuroreceptor studies, except that behavioural testing was not performed. 24hrs after drug treatment discontinuation, the animals were sacrificed and frontal cortex and hippocampus removed for NMDA receptor binding analysis. In normal rats, Org 26576 3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg exerted a short-lasting reduction in escape latency on day 1, but which lost prominence over the subsequent training days. Org 26576 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg, however, significantly improved spatial memory retrieval on day 5. No changes in frontal cortical or hippocampal NMDA receptors were observed. Contrary to expected, rats subjected to SPS failed to express noteworthy deficits in spatial memory as previously described. Treatment of SPS-exposed animals with Org 26576 did not significantly alter spatial learning evident in SPS animals on day 1 of acquisition training, as well as on subsequent training days. Org 26576 1 mg/kg increased spatial memory retrieval compared to the unstressed saline control, but not compared to the SPS group. Org 26576 only at a dose of 1 mg/kg decreased cortical, but not hippocampal NMDA receptor density (Bmax) in SPS animals versus unstressed but not saline treated SPS animals. No changes in receptor affinity (Kd) were noted. Org 26576 therefore improves early initial spatial learning in healthy rats, but exerts a lesser effect on memory consolidation over the remainder of the training period. However, Org 26576 significantly improves retrieval of spatial memory without simultaneous changes in frontal cortical and hippocampal NMDA receptor binding. Org 26576 thus may benefit both short-term and long-term memory processes in normal animals without effects on limbic NMDA receptor binding, and provides a rationale for testing in conditions that present with cognitive disturbances. However, the SPS model failed to engender marked deficits in spatial memory performance; this result ultimately complicated the interpretation of the combined stress-drug treatment studies. Studies in healthy animals therefore conclude that Org 26576 is an effective agent to enhance long-term memory processes and should be investigated further for its possible application in disorders of cognition. Although the value of Org 26576 in an animal model of PTSD were inconclusive, further studies in SPS and other PTSD models, as well as models of relevance for schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and depression, are encouraged. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmacology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe anxiety disorder affecting cognitive function. 1 in 4 individuals exposed to a life-threatening event may develop PTSD, which is characterised by symptoms of hyperarousal, avoidance and intrusions. Although treatment is effective in most cases, the response is far from satisfactory. It is now clear that novel drug treatment and a better understanding of the neurobiology of PTSD are necessary if we are to realise a better response and treatment outcome in these patients. Glutamatergic pathways play an important role in cognition, while recent studies have emphasized a causal role for glutamate in PTSD, and of the potential value of glutamate receptor modulators in treating the disorder. Stress-related elevation in glutamate exerts detrimental effects on cognition, especially via activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, and has been implicated in PTSD associated cognitive deficits. Recently, the cr-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptor has been found to exert a modulatory action on NMDA receptor function. Ampakines are positive allosteric modulators of the AMPA receptor, and have demonstrated beneficial effects in animal models of learning as well as antidepressant action, and to improve short-term memory in humans. The aims of this study were firstly to study the effects of the ampakine, Org 26576, on spatial memory performance in healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats. Secondly, since PTSD is associated with pronounced deficits in cognition, we studied the ability of Org 26576 to modify stress-evoked spatial memory deficits in rats subjected to single prolonged stress (SPS), a putative animal model of PTSD. In both cases, neuroreceptor studies were performed to determine any relationship between hippocampal and cortical NMDA receptor binding characteristics and effects on spatial memory performance. After exposure of the animals to either normal handling or SPS conditions, spatial memory performance was assessed using a 5 day memory acquisition and consolidation protocol in a modified version of the Morris water maze (MWM). Experimental and control groups both received either saline (1 ml/kg i.p.) or Org 26576 at incremental doses of 1, 3 or 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally twice daily for 12 days. Separate groups of animals were used for the neuroreceptor studies, except that behavioural testing was not performed. 24hrs after drug treatment discontinuation, the animals were sacrificed and frontal cortex and hippocampus removed for NMDA receptor binding analysis. In normal rats, Org 26576 3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg exerted a short-lasting reduction in escape latency on day 1, but which lost prominence over the subsequent training days. Org 26576 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg, however, significantly improved spatial memory retrieval on day 5. No changes in frontal cortical or hippocampal NMDA receptors were observed. Contrary to expected, rats subjected to SPS failed to express noteworthy deficits in spatial memory as previously described. Treatment of SPS-exposed animals with Org 26576 did not significantly alter spatial learning evident in SPS animals on day 1 of acquisition training, as well as on subsequent training days. Org 26576 1 mg/kg increased spatial memory retrieval compared to the unstressed saline control, but not compared to the SPS group. Org 26576 only at a dose of 1 mg/kg decreased cortical, but not hippocampal NMDA receptor density (Bmax) in SPS animals versus unstressed but not saline treated SPS animals. No changes in receptor affinity (Kd) were noted. Org 26576 therefore improves early initial spatial learning in healthy rats, but exerts a lesser effect on memory consolidation over the remainder of the training period. However, Org 26576 significantly improves retrieval of spatial memory without simultaneous changes in frontal cortical and hippocampal NMDA receptor binding. Org 26576 thus may benefit both short-term and long-term memory processes in normal animals without effects on limbic NMDA receptor binding, and provides a rationale for testing in conditions that present with cognitive disturbances. However, the SPS model failed to engender marked deficits in spatial memory performance; this result ultimately complicated the interpretation of the combined stress-drug treatment studies. Studies in healthy animals therefore conclude that Org 26576 is an effective agent to enhance long-term memory processes and should be investigated further for its possible application in disorders of cognition. Although the value of Org 26576 in an animal model of PTSD were inconclusive, further studies in SPS and other PTSD models, as well as models of relevance for schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and depression, are encouraged. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmacology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-12-01T23:31:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JannyelyMoreiraNeri_DISSERT.pdf: 2951531 bytes, checksum: d2ad327212d85411c9db134bf25aae13 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-12-05T20:54:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JannyelyMoreiraNeri_DISSERT.pdf: 2951531 bytes, checksum: d2ad327212d85411c9db134bf25aae13 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-05T20:54:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JannyelyMoreiraNeri_DISSERT.pdf: 2951531 bytes, checksum: d2ad327212d85411c9db134bf25aae13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O estudo dos compostos heteroc?clicos nitrogenados compreende um dos ramos mais interessantes da qu?mica org?nica. Dentre as diversas classes de heterociclos nitrogenados relatados, as quinoxalinas possuem papel de destaque por suas relevantes aplica??es, notavelmente em ?reas biol?gicas e tecnol?gicas. Existem diversos protocolos de s?ntese de derivados quinoxal?nicos relatados na literatura, dentre os quais se destacam as rea??es a partir do precursor sint?tico 2,3-dicloroquinoxalina (1). O presente trabalho tem como enfoque a atua??o do composto 1 como precursor sint?tico para mol?culas relevantes, estando os resultados dividido em duas partes principais. Primeiramente, ? apresentado um estudo preparativo focado nas rea??es da quinoxalina 1 com aminoalco?is, al?m de outras transforma??es sint?ticas. Foram obtidos produtos tais como 2,3-dietanolaminoquinoxalina (2), 2-(2,3-diidro-]1,4]oxazino[3,2-b]quinoxal-4-il)etanol (3) a partir de dupla substitui??o do cloro, al?m do produto 3-[bis-(2-hidroxi-etil)-amino]-1H-quinoxalin-2-ona (4) como fruto da hidr?lise do composto (3), dentre outros. Um fator de destaque ? que enquanto etanolamina reage via duplo N-ataque nucleof?lico, dietanolamina reage via processo de cicliza??o intramolecular atrav?s de N- e O-ataques. Todos os produtos foram devidamente caracterizados por resson?ncia magn?tica nuclear de 1H e 13C. Os produtos 2 e 3 apresentaram atividade antic?ncer atrav?s de estudos citot?xicos em c?lulas HT29 (c?ncer colorretal), a qual pode estar relacionada com a inibi??o da enzima PI3K?. Ambas as quinoxalinas impactaram significativamente a viabilidade celular, na menor concentra??o (3,125?g/mL) j? ? poss?vel vermos que o crescimento foi retardado. O que p?de tamb?m ser constatado por meio de um estudo de docking dos compostos no s?tio ativo da enzima PI3K?, o qual mostrou que a intera??o acontece fundamentalmente atrav?s de liga??es de hidrog?nio entre as hidroxilas dos ligantes e os amino?cidos valina (Val851) e serina (Ser854), conhecidos por serem cruciais nesse processo inibit?rio provocado por f?rmacos. Na ?ltima parte do trabalho, foi avaliada a capacidade do composto 2 como agente redutor e estabilizante de nanopart?culas de prata (NanoAg), utilizando um planejamento fatorial 22, e tamb?m sua atua??o apenas como estabilizante em sua concentra??o m?nima conseguida (0,2mmol-1) utilizando o sistema glicerol/NaOH, na qual o derivado 2 foi capaz de estabilizar (NanoAg) em meio b?sico e neutro (fisiol?gico). Os resultados apontaram que a referida quinoxalina apresenta capacidade de redu??o de prata (I) em meio b?sico, por?m em cin?tica mais lenta, comparado ao seu uso apenas como agente estabilizante. E as an?lises por espectroscopia na regi?o do ultravioleta/vis?vel (UV-Vis) indicaram forma??o de NanoAg esf?ricas, assim como o c?lculo da largura ? meia altura da banda (LMAB) indicaram a forma??o de nanopart?culas mais uniformes para estes ensaios. Portanto, em ambos os testes a atua??o do composto 2 frente ? forma??o de NanoAg deixa a possibilidade de aplica??es futuras dos sistemas nanoestruturados para terapia do c?ncer. / The study of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds comprises one of the most interesting branch of the organic chemistry. Among several nitrogen heterocycles reported in literature, quinoxaline derivatives have been attracted great attention due their relevant applications, notably in biological and technological fields. There are several synthetic protocols reported in literature for the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives, in which calls attention the use of compound 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline (1) as synthetic precursor. The present work focus on the synthesis of relevant quinoxaline from compound 1, with the results being divided in two main parts. Many of the presented reactions lead to quinoxaline derivatives with relevance in several areas, especially due their relevant activities against several pathologies. The second part of the work is focused in the obtainment of quinoxaline derivatives from reactions of building block 1 with aminoalcohol, besides other synthetic transformations. They were obtained interesting quinoxaline derivatives, such as compounds 2,3-diethanolaminoquinoxaline (2), 2-(2,3-dihydro-1-oxa-4,9,10-triaza-anthracen-4-yl)-ethanol (3), from the double substitution by the nucleophilic species, compound 3-[bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-amino]-1H-quinoxalin-2-one (4) originated from the hydrolysis of compound 3, among others. An important factor is that while ethanolamine reacts via double nucleophilic N-attack, diethanolamine reacts via intramolecular cyclization process through N- and O-attacks. All products were adequately characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Compounds 2 and 3 had presented interesting activity against colon rectal HT29 cancer cells, in which the activity may be associated to the inhibition of enzyme PI3K?. Both quinoxalines significantly affected cell viability depending on the lower concentration (3.125 ?g / mL), it is possible to see that the growth was delayed. This could also be verified by means of a docking study of the compounds in the active site of the enzyme PI3K?, which showed that the interaction occurs mainly through hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyls of the ligands and the amino acids valine (Val851) and serine ( Ser854), known to be crucial in this drug-induced inhibitory process. Lastly, the ability of compound 2 as a silver nanoparticle reducing agent (NanoAg), using a factorial design 22, and its performance as a stabilizer in its minimum achieved concentration (0.2 mmol / l) using the glycerol / NaOH, in which derivative 2 was able to stabilize (NanoAg) in basic and neutral (physiological) medium. The results showed that quinoxaline has silver (I) reduction capacity in basic medium, but in slower kinetics. And spectroscopy analyzes in the ultraviolet / visible (UV-Vis) region indicated a formation of spherical NanoAg, and the bandwidth width calculation indicated the formation of more uniform nanoparticles for these assays. Therefore, in both tests the performance of compound 2 against the formation of NanoAg leaves the possibility of future applications of nanostructured systems for cancer therapy.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-12-04T21:21:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JaquelineFerreiraDeMelo_DISSERT.pdf: 1655031 bytes, checksum: 663889952a068c0c2b6ad65fbb059a51 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-12-09T00:03:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JaquelineFerreiraDeMelo_DISSERT.pdf: 1655031 bytes, checksum: 663889952a068c0c2b6ad65fbb059a51 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-09T00:03:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JaquelineFerreiraDeMelo_DISSERT.pdf: 1655031 bytes, checksum: 663889952a068c0c2b6ad65fbb059a51 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-16 / Diferentes metodologias s?o investigadas para a remo??o dos poluentes presente na ?gua produzida proveniente da explora??o de petr?leo, a fim de diminuir o impacto ambiental. Nos ?ltimos anos uma aten??o especial tem sido dada para as tecnologias eletroqu?micas. Neste trabalho foi empregada a oxida??o eletroqu?mica indireta em dois efluentes reais provenientes da ind?stria do petr?leo situada no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Os experimentos foram realizado em sistemas em batelada e fluxo com os eletrodos de ?xido de Rut?nio (Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2), Platina suportada em Tit?nio (Ti/Pt) e Diamante Dopado com Boro (BDD - sigla em ingl?s) e como c?todo o Tit?nio (Ti), aplicando diferente densidades de corrente (15 mA cm-2 e 45 mA cm-2). Para an?lise da adequa??o do tratamento eletroqu?mico foi verificado o decaimento da demanda qu?mica de oxig?nio (DQO), atrav?s de suas concentra??es ao fim do tratamento. De acordo com os resultados obtidos para os sistemas em batelada, a remo??o DQO foi aproximadamente 42% com consumo energ?tico de 115 KWhm-3 e 52% com 86 KWhm-3 consumidos usando BDD e Ti/Pt respectivamente, nessas condi??es o ?nodo de Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2 mostrou a melhor efici?ncia de degrada??o com 85% de remo??o da mat?ria org?nica e menor consumo energ?tico 70 KWhm-3, o comportamento mais eficiente desse eletrodo foi correlacionado a evolu??o das esp?cies oxidativas cloradas (, , ) no ?nodo durante o tratamento. Quando efluentes reais foram submetidos ao tratamento eletroqu?mico em c?lula de fluxo os melhores resultados foram obtidos com o ?nodo de BDD j? na menor densidade de corrente aplicada, com valores de mineraliza??o pr?ximos da totalidade e consumo energ?tico de 66 KWhm-3. A toxicidade dos efluentes tratados foi estimada por meio do cultivo da Lactuca Sativa a fim de avaliar o poss?vel reuso do efluente ap?s tratamento, o qual se mostrou efetivo quando analisado o fator de germina??o para o efluente tratado com ambos os ?nodos em condi??es de fluxo com desenvolvimento do caule mais expressivo se comparado ? amostra de refer?ncia para o ?nodo de Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2. Nos sistemas em batelada a carga org?nica e a produ??o de oxidantes ao final da desinfec??o eletroqu?mica inibiram a germina??o da Lactuca sativa, o qual foi atribu?do aos oxidantes remanescentes no efluente tratado, evitando a germina??o devido ao ataque dos oxidantes das paredes celulares das sementes de alface. Os resultados indicam a efici?ncia do m?todo para remo??o dos compostos org?nicos confirmando a aplicabilidade para os efluentes estudados.