Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-23T19:30:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Marcela Ferreira Rocha Lage.pdf: 2151978 bytes, checksum: 4d846b189d216d1c6f6b029f56113719 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-23T19:30:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Marcela Ferreira Rocha Lage.pdf: 2151978 bytes, checksum: 4d846b189d216d1c6f6b029f56113719 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-02 / From the year of 2002 eight (8) organic fairs were installed, in three regions of the city of Belo Horizonte - MG. The objective of the work is to survey the history, characteristics, the profile of family farmers / marketers and the profile of consumers and possible consumers of these fairs. It also seeks to analyze the difficulties for expansion in the production and marketing of the studied fairs. The study based on observations during the fairs and interviews using semi-structured questionnaires. There were 214 interviews with the attendees of the eight fairs. In addition to the questionnaire applied to consumers, five interviews were conducted with family farmers using another questionnaire and an interview with the supervisor of the Belo Horizonte City Hall. The results of the survey point to the existence of eight organic fairs, located in neighborhoods with higher per capita income, regulated by the Belo Horizonte City Hall with the participation of 5 (five) family farmers who face difficulties when it comes to required labor, the regularity of delivery and the quantity to be produced. The majority of the consumers were women between the ages of 30 and 54, with high schooling and monthly income, between 9 to 12 minimum salaries. Fairs are important channels for the commercialization of the organic production of family farmers and enable the proximity and establishment of trust relations between farmers and consumers mutually. / A partir do ano de 2002 foram instaladas 8 (oito) feiras org?nicas, em tr?s regi?es do munic?pio de Belo Horizonte ? MG. O trabalho tem como objetivo o levantamento do hist?rico, das caracter?sticas, do perfil dos agricultores familiares/feirantes e do perfil dos consumidores e poss?veis consumidores destas feiras. Procura-se tamb?m analisar os gargalos para a expans?o na produ??o e comercializa??o das feiras estudadas. O estudo foi realizado por meio de observa??es in loco e de entrevistas com o uso de question?rios semi-estruturados. Foram realizadas 214 entrevistas com os frequentadores das oito feiras. Al?m do question?rio aplicado aos consumidores, foram realizadas cinco entrevistas com os agricultores familiares/ feirantes com a utiliza??o de um outro question?rio e uma entrevista com o supervisor da Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para a exist?ncia de 8 (oito) feiras org?nicas, situadas em bairros com maior renda per capta, regulamentadas pela Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte com a participa??o de 5 (cinco) agricultores familiares que enfrentam dificuldades quando o assunto ? a m?o de obra necess?ria, a regularidade na entrega e quantidade a ser produzida. Os consumidores em sua maioria eram mulheres com idade entre 30 a 54 anos, com n?vel de escolaridade elevado e renda mensal da maioria dos entrevistados de 9 a 12 sal?rios m?nimos. As feiras s?o importantes canais de comercializa??o da produ??o org?nica dos agricultores familiares e possibilita a proximidade e o estabelecimento de rela??es de confian?a dos agricultores com os consumidores e vice-versa

In programming languages, record types give a universe of discourse (via so-called Σ-types); parameterised record types fix parts of that universe ahead of time (via Π-types), and algebraic datatypes give us first-class syntax (via W-types), which can then be used to program, e.g., evaluators and optimisers. A frequently-encountered issue in library design for statically-typed languages is that, for example, the algebraic datatype implementing the first-class view of the language induced by a record declaration cannot be defined by simple reference to the record type declaration, nor to any common “source”. This leads to unwelcome repetition, and to maintenance burdens. Similarly, the “unbundling problem” concerns similar repetition that arises for variants of record types where some fields are turned into parameters. The goal of this thesis is to show how, in dependently-typed languages (DTLs), algebraic datatypes and parameterised record types can be obtained from a single pragmatic declaration within the dependently-typed language itself, without using a separate “module language”. Besides this practical shared declaration interface, which is extensible in the language, we also find that common data structures correspond to simple theories. Put simply, the thesis is about making tedious and inexpressible patterns of programming in DTLs (dependently typed languages) become mechanical and expressible. The situations described above occur frequently when working in a dependently-typed language, and it is reasonable enough to have the computer handle them. We develop a notion of contexts that serve as common source for definitions of algebraic datatype and of parameterised record types, and demonstrate a “language” of “package operations” that enables us to avoid the above-mentioned replication that pervades current library developments. On the one hand, we demonstrate an implementation of that language as integrated editor functionality — this makes it possible to directly emulate the different solutions that are employed in current library developments, and refactor these into a shape that uses single declaration of contexts, thus avoiding the usual repetition that is otherwise required for provision of record types at different levels of parameterisation and of algebraic datatypes. On the other hand, we will demonstrate that the power of dependently-typed languages is sufficient to implement such package operations in a statically-typed manner within the language; using this approach will require adapting to the accordingly-changed library interfaces. Although our development uses the dependently-typed programming language Agda throughout, we emphasise that the idea is sufficiently generic to be implemented in other DTLs. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / There are things we want to use from various perspectives, our tools show that this is possible without any duplication and in a practical and efficient fashion.

Submitted by Verena Pereira (verenagoncalves@uefs.br) on 2018-07-13T21:59:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Uso de efluentes dom?sticos tratados na cultura do girassol (Helianthus annus L.).pdf: 2283233 bytes, checksum: 421fa4a09cacb2392028081a3186d138 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-13T21:59:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Uso de efluentes dom?sticos tratados na cultura do girassol (Helianthus annus L.).pdf: 2283233 bytes, checksum: 421fa4a09cacb2392028081a3186d138 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Agricultural reutilization is an important tool in water demand reduction required by irrigation. The lack of proper management on irrigation generates large environmental degradation, mainly to water resources, therefore it?s indispensable the reduction of these impacts. The use of domestic wastewater in agricultural crops may support the search for alternative water sources to supply the irrigation demand even as provide essential nutrients to the crops, and also reducing the impact of the chemical fertilizers application. This dissertation aims to evaluate the use of treated domestic wastewater on sunflower irrigation (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivate ?Garden Gnome?, using treatments by sand strainer (SS), organic filter (OF), septic tank (ST) and well water (WW) applied in different levels (50, 75, 100, and 125% of evapotranspiration of daily crop). The experiment was conducted with buckets of 20 L with one plant per bucket in experimental design of 4 by 4 with 5 parcels, adding up to 80 experimental units. Physicochemical analyses on the soil were realized after application, and in the wastewater, additionally, microbiologic analyses were realized during the experiment. With the plants were realized biometric analyses: stem diameter, plant height, leaves number and phytomasses: dry and fresh phytomass from the aerial part, from the pseudostem, and from the roots. It can be conclude that the use of different irrigation sources didn?t produced significant effect in biometric evaluation and of sunflower phytomass, being possible the use of all the studied sources, without losses to the plant development. The sand filtration provided considerable efficiency, being a simple and cheap solution to the domestic wastewater treatment / O re?so agr?cola ? uma importante ferramenta na redu??o da demanda h?drica requerida pela irriga??o. A falta de manejo adequado na irriga??o provoca grande degrada??o ambiental, principalmente aos recursos h?dricos, sendo assim, se torna imprescind?vel a redu??o desses impactos. A utiliza??o de efluentes dom?sticos em cultivos agr?colas pode favorecer a busca por fontes alternativas de ?gua para suprimento das demandas de irriga??o assim como fornecer nutrientes essenciais aos cultivos, reduzindo o impacto tamb?m na aplica??o de fertilizantes qu?micos. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o uso de efluentes dom?sticos tratados na irriga??o do girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivar An?o de Jardim, utilizando tratamentos por filtro de areia, filtro org?nico, fossa s?ptica, e ?gua de po?o em diferentes l?minas de irriga??o aplicadas (50, 75, 100 e 125% da evapotranspira??o da cultura di?ria). O experimento foi conduzido em baldes de 20 L com uma planta por balde em delineamento experimental 4x4 com 5 parcelas, totalizando 80 unidades experimentais. Foram realizadas an?lises f?sico-qu?micas no solo ap?s aplica??o e nos efluentes adicionalmente, foram realizadas an?lises microbiol?gicas durante o experimento. Nas plantas foram realizadasan?lises biom?tricas: di?metro do caule, altura da planta e n?mero de folhas e de fitomassas: fitomassas fresca e seca da parte a?rea, do cap?tulo e da raiz. Pode-se concluir que a utiliza??o de diferentes fontes de irriga??o n?o produziu efeito significativo nas avalia??es biom?tricas e de fitomassa do girassol, sendo poss?vel a utiliza??o de todas as fontes estudadas sem preju?zo ao desenvolvimento da planta. A filtra??o de areia proporcionou efici?ncia consider?vel, sendo uma solu??o simples e barata para o tratamento de efluentes dom?sticos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 YldrySRQP_TESE.pdf: 1712079 bytes, checksum: b17d9a120b94e31c6978b40928b45ad1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-13 / Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte / Knowledge of quality of life is a very complex and rich in cultural and subjective dimensions, understood in a broad sense and multivariate theme. Considering the rural areas from agriculture, it is observed that the production standard defines significant changes in the environmental context and the quality of life of rural workers. To explain the relationship between quality of life and Family Organic Agriculture, we sought to analyze the quality of life of the organic family farmer, after change in agricultural management. The research, based on a procedure exploratory study supported the articulation theoretically constructed, showed their relevance and allowed to delimit with greater security, the central question of work. The WHOQOL - 100 treated the instrument of research on quality of life that directed the field study with organic farmers from the town of Lagoa Seca / PB. Farmers and family members are from rural regions Almeida, Alvinho, Lagoa de Barro, Lagoa Gravat?, Oiti and Pau Ferro. The average time is 39 years farming and organic family farm is 16 years. In the analysis work was found that the process of production of vegetables and fruits is divided into 08 steps and with respect to workloads observations showed the presence of: physical loads, mechanical stresses, psychological burden and ergonomic factors. Most farmers reported symptoms were fatigue and cramps in the legs . Regarding the quality of life was noticed that the Psychological Domain contributed positively to the quality of life with mean and standard deviation (17.83 ? 12.78) and Domain Environment negatively contributing to the quality of life of this group (9.00 ? 6.82). We conclude that the practice of Family Organic Agriculture should be seen as an effective strategy in promoting quality of life and social values in between, since it presents environmental sustainability with regard to life and socio-cultural diversity of populations / O conhecimento de qualidade de vida ? um tema muito complexo e rico em dimens?es subjetivas e culturais, entendidas em uma percep??o vasta e multivariada. Considerando o meio rural a partir da agricultura, observa-se que o padr?o produtivo define modifica??es expressivas no contexto ambiental e na qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores rurais. Para explanar a rela??o entre qualidade de vida e Agricultura Familiar Org?nica, buscou-se analisar a qualidade de vida do agricultor familiar org?nico, ap?s mudan?a no manejo agr?cola. A investiga??o, baseada em um procedimento de estudo explorat?rio, apoiou a articula??o constru?da teoricamente, mostrou sua pertin?ncia e permitiu delimitar, com maior seguran?a, a quest?o central do trabalho. O WHOQOL-100 tratou-se do instrumento de pesquisa sobre qualidade de vida que direcionou o estudo de campo com os agricultores familiares org?nicos da cidade de Lagoa Seca/PB. Os agricultores e membros da fam?lia s?o oriundos das regi?es rurais Almeida, Alvinho, Lagoa de Barro, Lagoa Gravat?, Oiti e Pau Ferro. O tempo m?dio de agricultura ? de 39 anos e na agricultura familiar org?nica ? de 16 anos. Na an?lise do trabalho se verificou que o processo de produ??o de verduras e frutas se divide em 08 etapas e em rela??o ?s cargas de trabalho as observa??es mostraram a presen?a de: cargas f?sicas, cargas mec?nicas, carga psicol?gica e cargas ergon?micas. Os sintomas mais referidos pelos agricultores foram c?imbras e fadiga nas pernas. No que concerne ? qualidade de vida percebeu-se que o Dom?nio Psicol?gico contribuiu positivamente para a Qualidade de Vida com m?dia e desvio (17,83?12,78) e o Dom?nio Ambiente contribuindo negativamente para a Qualidade de Vida deste grupo (9,00?6,82). Conclui-se que a pr?tica da Agricultura Familiar Org?nica deve ser vista como uma estrat?gia eficaz na promo??o da qualidade de vida e de valores sociais nesse meio, uma vez que apresenta sustentabilidade socioambiental que respeita a vida e a diversidade sociocultural das popula??es

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GilberlandioNS_DISSERT.pdf: 1649647 bytes, checksum: 34b4c44283fc70f12bbd88843af8f3cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27 / The aiming of this work is linked to chemical education, focusing organic chemistry classes of Chemical Engineering, Pharmacy and Zootechny graduate courses of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. For that, teaching-learning process related to basic chemical subjects which support the understanding of organic chemistry concepts was evaluated in a research period of two years. The education proposal linked to the theoretical content of the cited classes, pointed out the process of knowledge construction, in which educational commitment as well as dedication in the teaching-learning process was also valued. In that approach several didactic tools were applied, among them scientific articles were used as supplementary studies of the basic organic chemistry concepts and related. The acceptability of students, as well as their motivation, performance and learning process was justified by the data collection of the applied teaching methodology. The acceptability and commitment of the students facing this teaching interactive approach, which transversely contributed to the intellectual maturity growth of the students, as well their professional development, were evidenced by satisfactory obtained results that will be herein discussed / O enfoque deste trabalho est? vinculado ao ensino de qu?mica, com abordagem espec?fica para disciplinas de Qu?mica Org?nica ministradas nos cursos presenciais de gradua??o em Engenharia Qu?mica, Farm?cia e Zootecnia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa com dura??o de dois anos consecutivos, objetivando-se a avalia??o do processo ensino e aprendizado referente aos conceitos qu?micos b?sicos que d?o suporte ao entendimento da qu?mica org?nica. A proposta de ensino vinculada aos conte?dos te?ricos dessas disciplinas valorizou o processo de constru??o do conhecimento, que sinaliza para a necessidade de comprometimento educacional no processo ensino e aprendizado. Neste estudo, diversas ferramentas did?ticas foram aplicadas, dentre elas, destaca-se leituras complementares de artigos cient?ficos que abordam assuntos pontuais ou correlatos aos conhecimentos b?sicas de qu?mica org?nica. A proposta para o instrumento de coleta de dados consistiu em avaliar o desempenho e aprendizado dos alunos. De acordo com os resultados obtidos foi poss?vel comprovar que os ?ndices satisfat?rios de aprova??o nas turmas avaliadas, demonstram o comprometimento do aluno diante da metodologia aplicada, que de forma transversal contribui para a forma??o profissional e o amadurecimento intelectual do estudante

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008- Andre Luis Santos Resende01.pdf: 7392122 bytes, checksum: fd01e5b7d3b70d5a684bf2fec040cc46 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The agroecological approaches of vegetable organic production presumed the design of more diversified production units over time and space, where the intercropped systems are included. One of these approaches is that the persistence, the abundance and the diversity of natural enemies that act in the insect-pest biological control are stimulated. In Brazil, despite of informal reports, such as personal communication, little has been recorded about the effects of intercropped systems in populations of insect pests and natural enemies. In this context, the present study has as objectives to determine the diversity and the community structure of the ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) associated with aphids in kale cultivated intercropped with coriander, and to evaluate the potential of coriander to provide the vital resources for survivor and reproduction of ladybirds, as well as evaluate the crop performance of this intercropped system, in agroecologically-based organic production system. The study was conducted in two consecutive years (2006 and 2007) in the experimental farm of integrated crop-livestock production called of Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica (SIPA) or Fazendinha Agroecol?gica km 47, localized in the municipality of Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where the experiments were carried out and involved the intercropped system of kale (Brassica oleraceae var. acephala D.C.) with coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in relation to kale in the monocrop system, in order to determine the diversity of ladybirds by collection of specimens through removal sampling and yellow sticky cards, as well as characterize the structure of their community by the faunistic analysis. The performance of intercropped system was also evaluated, determining the crop parameters of associated crops. A total of 25 ladybird species are present in the SIPA, but Hyperaspis (Hyperaspis) festiva Mulsant, Scymnus (Pullus) sp.3, Cycloneda sanguinea (L.) and Eriopis connexa Germar were more frequent species. There was no infestation by aphids in kale intercropped with coriander, which was used by the ladybirds as food site (resource of pollen, nectar and alternatives preys), oviposition site, refuge for larvae, pupae and adults, and mating site. As for the cropping parameters, the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) for the intercropped system of kale with coriander, taking into account the fresh mass yield, were superior in 92% (coriander harvested with 55 days after the sowing) and 85% (coriander allowed for flowering) in relation to monocrop system. The intercropped system of kale with coriander in the arrangement of one row of kale and four paralleled rows of coriander, harvesting the two central rows at 55 days after sowing and allowed the two rows in the border of the seedbed for flowering, do not cause increases of kale yield, but was effective in respect to land effective use and as strategy of ladybirds conservation in diversified production systems. / As abordagens agroecol?gicas de produ??o org?nica vegetal pressup?em o desenho das unidades de produ??o mais diversificado, no tempo e no espa?o, onde se inclui os cons?rcios de culturas, tamb?m conhecidos como policultivos. Um dos princ?pios dessa abordagem ? que atrav?s da diversifica??o dos cultivos, estimula-se a persist?ncia, a abund?ncia e a diversidade de inimigos naturais que atuam no controle biol?gico de insetos-pragas. No Brasil, apesar dos relatos informais, do tipo comunica??o pessoal, pouco tem sido registrado a respeito dos efeitos dos policultivos nas popula??es de insetos-pragas e inimigos naturais. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve por objetivos determinar a diversidade e a estrutura da comunidade de joaninhas predadoras (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) associados a pulg?es em couve, cultivada em cons?rcio com coentro, al?m de avaliar o potencial do coentro como provedor de recursos vitais para sobreviv?ncia e reprodu??o das joaninhas, assim como o desempenho fitot?cnico desse cons?rcio, em sistema de produ??o org?nica conduzido em bases agroecol?gicas. O estudo foi realizado em dois anos consecutivos (2006 e 2007) na unidade experimental de produ??o integrada lavoura-pecu?ria denominada de Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica (SIPA) ou Fazendinha Agroecol?gica km 47, localizada em Serop?dica (RJ), realizando experimentos que envolveram o cons?rcio couve (Brassica oleraceae var. acephala D.C.) com coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.) em compara??o com o monocultivo de couve, para determinar a diversidade de joaninhas por meio da coleta de indiv?duos atrav?s amostragens por remo??o e placas amarelas adesivas, bem como caracterizar a estrutura de sua comunidade por meio da an?lise faun?stica. O desempenho do cons?rcio foi tamb?m avaliado, determindo os par?metros fitot?cnicos das culturas associadas. Um total de 25 esp?cies de joaninhas est? presente no SIPA, mas Hyperaspis (Hyperaspis) festiva Mulsant, Scymnus (Pullus) sp.3, Cycloneda sanguinea (L.) e Eriopis connexa Germar foram as esp?cies mais frequentes na comunidade. N?o houve infesta??o por pulg?es na couve consorciada com coentro, o qual foi usado pelas joaninhas como s?tio de alimenta??o (fonte de p?len, n?ctar e presas alternativas), s?tio de oviposi??o, abrigo para larvas, pupas e adultos, al?m de s?tio de acasalamento. Quanto aos par?metros fitot?cnicos, o ?ndice de equival?ncia de ?rea (IEA) para os cons?rcios couve e coentro, considerando as produtividades de massa fresca, foram superiores em 92% (coentro colhido aos 55 dias ap?s a semeadura) e 85% (coentro deixado para florescer) em rela??o aos cultivos solteiros. O cons?rcio couve-coentro no arranjo de uma linha central de couve e quatro linhas paralelas de coentro, colhendo-se as duas centrais aos 55 dias ap?s a semeadura e deixando as duas linhas na borda do canteiro para florescer, n?o causa aumentos de produtividade da couve, mas mostra-se eficiente em termo do uso eficiente da terra e como estrat?gia de conserva??o de joaninhas nos sistemas de produ??o diversificados.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Ilzo Artur Moreira Risso.pdf: 896818 bytes, checksum: 56fd3f7023096dc481dfe565208e7ae7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The study was conducted in the Experimental Field of Embrapa Agrobiologia in Serop?dica, state of Rio de Janeiro, with the objectives: (a) evaluate different spatial arrangements of corn in monoculture or syndication with legumes, as the production of grains and nutrient intake of green incorporated biomass accumulated in the soil; (b) assess the residual effect of biomass built on the agronomic performance of sweet potato grown in succession. The treatments for the pre-cultivation were: corn sown in rows of individual spaced 1.0 m between them and double spaced rows of 1.5 m, with 0.5 m between each component; monoculture of corn with or without additional organic fertilizer of coverage (50 kg ha-1 total N in the form of "bed" of chicken), in consortium with corn Crotalaria juncea submitted to cut single or two cuts over the cycle, and corn in consortium with Mucuna pruriens. The crops were conducted in the body system, adopting to block randomized experimental design, involving the 10 treatments arranged in split plots, with four repetitions. Computaram is the biomass of the shoots of each species, as well as the productivity of corn grain in dry and sweet potato tubers of a commercial pattern. The management of Crotalaria juncea through cutting provided only increase the production of corn, compared to the monoculture without fertilization of coverage. Already the cuts parcelados of Crotalaria juncea undermined the productive performance of corn, but resulted in higher intake of biomass to the system. The sowing of Mucuna pruriens, 40 days after planting corn, did not affect the performance of the cereal. The productivity of corn was not influenced by the spatial arrangements evaluated. The performance of the sweet potato has no influence of any of the treatments related to pre-cultivation, production reaching above state and national averages disclosed. The inclusion of legumes green manure, via consortium with corn, is considered a viable option for its ability to provide significant input of organic matter, produced in situ, containing significant amounts of nutrients, especially nitrogen, with the potential to bring benefits in the medium deadline for subsequent commercial crops. / O estudo foi realizado no Campo Experimental da Embrapa Agrobiologia, em Serop?dica, estado do Rio de Janeiro, tendo por objetivos: (a) avaliar diferentes arranjos espaciais de milho, em monocultivo ou consorciado com leguminosas, quanto ? produ??o de gr?os e aporte de nutrientes acumulados na biomassa verde incorporada ao solo; e (b) avaliar o efeito residual dessa biomassa incorporada sobre o desempenho agron?mico da batata-doce cultivada em sucess?o. Os tratamentos relativos ao pr?-cultivo foram: milho semeado em fileiras individuais espa?adas de 1,0 m entre si e em fileiras duplas espa?adas de 1,5 m, com 0,5m entre cada componente; monocultivo do milho com ou sem aduba??o org?nica suplementar de cobertura (50 kg ha-1 de N total, na forma de cama de frango), milho em cons?rcio com Crotalaria juncea (crotal?ria) submetida a corte ?nico ou a dois cortes durante o ciclo, e milho em cons?rcio com Mucuna pruriens (mucuna cinza). As culturas foram conduzidas no sistema org?nico, adotando-se delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, envolvendo os 10 tratamentos dispostos em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repeti??es. Computaram-se as biomassas da parte a?rea de cada esp?cie, assim como a produtividade do milho em gr?os secos e da batata-doce em tub?rculos de padr?o comercial. O manejo da crotal?ria por meio de corte ?nico proporcionou aumento na produ??o do milho, em compara??o ao monocultivo sem aduba??o de cobertura. J? os cortes parcelados da crotal?ria prejudicaram o desempenho produtivo do milho, por?m resultaram em aporte superior de biomassa ao sistema. A semeadura da mucuna cinza, 40 dias ap?s o plantio do milho, n?o afetou o desempenho do cereal. A produtividade do milho tamb?m n?o foi influenciada pelos arranjos espaciais avaliados. O desempenho da batata-doce n?o sofreu influ?ncia de qualquer dos tratamentos relacionados ao pre-cultivo, alcan?ando produ??o acima das m?dias estadual e nacional divulgadas. A inclus?o das leguminosas para aduba??o verde, via cons?rcio com o milho, ? considerada uma op??o vi?vel por sua capacidade em prover expressivo aporte de mat?ria org?nica, produzida in situ, contendo significante quantidade de nutrientes, especialmente nitrog?nio, com potencial de trazer benef?cios no m?dio prazo para subsequentes culturas comerciais.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006- Jose Claudio de Oliveira Flores.pdf: 1453977 bytes, checksum: 7b91cd274e1470123d15754dce1eb1c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The objective of this research was to diagnose organic production in Rio de Janeiro State, through the analysis of the annual visit reports produced by ABIO (certification agency of Rio de Janeiro state) certification agents from 1999 through 2002. The research covered 239 visit reports, from 156 organic growers located at various areas of Rio de Janeiro State. All variables contained on the reports were transferred to computer worksheets. They were then, classified into one of the three axes: technological, environmental or social. Each variable was then divided into items, which were scored, according to its conformity to the organic production rules. Basic statistics were applied to the individual variables which were discussed individually. Then, all scores were standardized by subtracting from the average and dividing by the standard deviation and submitted to an ordination by the three axes - technological, environmental and social. This ordination enabled a group diagnosis of the variables belonging to the three axes. A classification of the growers was then performed, by the sum of the scores for each axis for each year. Most variables contained on the report fitted on the technological axis. The majority of growers used techniques permitted by the legislation; however, no distinction seemed to be made between the recommended and the restricted practices by the growers, since they were used indistinguishably by growers with different profiles and from different regions. The heterogeneity verified among different growers, was in part, a result of the different degrees of conversion into the organic system. There was no relation between time of experience by the grower, with the level of adoption of recommended or restricted practices. The environmental axis also showed a very heterogeneous scenario, with no clear trend towards the location, time of experience, or degree of adoption of technologies. Market issues were the main cause of both, motivation of farmers to enter organic production as well as the main concern for the future of their properties. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de diagnosticar a produ??o org?nica no Estado do Rio de Janeiro por meio da an?lise dos relat?rios anuais de vistoria da ABIO (Associa??o dos Produtores Biol?gicos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro) referentes aos anos de 1999 a 2002. A pesquisa considertou 239 relat?rios de vistoria, pertencentes a 156 unidades de produ??o, situadas em diferentes locais do Estado do Rio. Todas as informa??es contidas no relat?rios de vistoria, foram transformadas em vari?veis e transferidas para planilhas. Elas foram ent?o alocadas em um dos tr?s eixos: tecnol?gico, ambiental ou social. Cada vari?vel foi subdividida em items, que eram quantificados de acordo com sua conformidade com as normas vigentes sobre produ??o org?nica no Estado. Estat?stica b?sica foi aplicada ? vari?veis, que foram discutidos individualmente. Ent?o, todos os valores atribu?dos ? diferentes vari?veis foram ent?o padronizados pela diferen?a entre a m?dia , dividida pelo desvio padr?o. Esses valores foram ent?o ordenados de acordo com os tr?s eixos tecnol?gico, ambiental e social. Essa ordena??o permitiu um diagn?stico em grupo das vari?veis. Uma classifica??o dos produtores foi feita por meio da soma dos valores padronizados, para cada ano. A maioria das vari?veis contidas nos relat?rios, encaixou-se no eixo tecnol?gico. A maioria dos produtores usou pr?ticas permitidas pela legisla??o, no entanto, n?o parece ter havido distin??o entre uso de pr?ticas recomendadas e o de pr?ticas permitidas, mas restritas. Essas foram usadas indiscriminadamente por produtores com diferentes perfis e tempos de ado??o de pr?ticas org?nicas. A heterogeneidade verificada entre os produtores foi, em parte, resultado dos diferentes graus de convers?o para o sistema org?nico. N?o houve rela??o entre tempo de experi?ncia do produtor com o n?vel de ado??o das pr?ticas restritas ou recomendadas. O eixo ambiental tamb?m mostrou um cen?rio muito diverso sem nenhuma tend?ncia aparente no que diz respeito ?s praticas usadas, localiza??o da propriedade, ou outra vari?vel qualquer. Os aspectos de mercado parecem ter sido a principal causa/motiva??o dos produtores para entrar na agricultura org?nica e parece ser tamb?m a principal causa de apreens?o dos produtores

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:12:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Castaneda de Araujo.pdf: 2211859 bytes, checksum: ed2e943bbeb885785f5e8072e3e1d4ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The practices that may characterize a potential greenerism and politicization of consumption arise from the perception of the impact of standards and levels of consumption in the global environment. From the 1990s, certain practices of consumption started being socially and environmentally responsible. This research had as general objective to reflect on greenering processes and the politicization of consumption and everyday life in the contemporary Brazilian society, emphasizing the multifaceted field of food. The shopping practices of organic food, especially from those individuals who are not organized collectively in social movements configure the object of the research. The main reason for its development was the gap in Brazilian social science in relation to studies on the consumers perspectives while social actors and the different uses they perform on their practices of consumption, especially the political use. The main questions included issues such as: Are the shopping practices of organic food perceived and experienced by consumers as a form of political action? In what ways do consumers deal with the discourses and responsibility charging for the environmental crisis? When seeking to answer them through an ethnography of the shopping practices of organic food in the city of Nova Friburgo/RJ and conducting in depth interviews with consumers, this research has identified an increased political autonomy of the individual against the public and private spheres, which occurs in the field of consumption. The shop of organic food is perceived and used as a repertoire of "romantic-individualistic" political action in the public sphere. These practices prove themselves capable of feeding bridges to citizenship, enabling the emergence of new collective engagement periods in a context of social reflexivity and global risk society. / As pr?ticas que podem caracterizar uma poss?vel ambientaliza??o e politiza??o do consumo surgem com a percep??o do impacto dos padr?es e n?veis de consumo no meio ambiente global. Com isso, a partir da d?cada de 1990, determinadas pr?ticas de consumo passaram a ser reconhecidas como sendo social e ambientalmente respons?veis. A pesquisa teve como objetivo geral refletir sobre os processos de ambientaliza??o e politiza??o do consumo e da vida cotidiana no ?mbito da sociedade brasileira contempor?nea, enfatizando o multifacetado campo da alimenta??o. Desta forma, as pr?ticas de compra de alimentos org?nicos, especialmente daqueles indiv?duos que n?o est?o organizados coletivamente em movimentos sociais configuraram o objeto de pesquisa. A principal justificativa para seu desenvolvimento era a lacuna existente nas ci?ncias sociais brasileiras no que se refere aos estudos sobre as perspectivas dos consumidores enquanto atores sociais e os diferentes usos que fazem de suas pr?ticas de consumo, em especial seu uso pol?tico. Os problemas centrais inclu?am quest?es como: as pr?ticas de compra de alimentos org?nicos s?o percebidas e experimentadas pelos consumidores como uma forma de a??o pol?tica? De que maneiras os consumidores lidam com os discursos e cobran?as de responsabilidades pela crise ambiental? Ao procurar respond?-las, atrav?s de uma etnografia das pr?ticas de compra de alimentos org?nicos na cidade de Nova Friburgo/RJ e da realiza??o de entrevistas em profundidade com consumidores, a pesquisa identificou um aumento da autonomia pol?tica individual no encontro das esferas p?blica e privada que se d? no campo do consumo. A compra de alimentos org?nicos ? percebida e utilizada como um repert?rio de a??o pol?tica rom?nticoindividualista na esfera p?blica. Estas pr?ticas se mostram capazes de alimentar pontes com a cidadania, abrindo possibilidades para a emerg?ncia de novos per?odos de engajamento coletivo em um contexto de reflexividade social e sociedade de risco global.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-07-26T13:23:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009- Antonio de Almeida Nobre J?nior.pdf: 2865771 bytes, checksum: bda025e5b2921d64be5cbf150b49f701 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-26T13:23:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009- Antonio de Almeida Nobre J?nior.pdf: 2865771 bytes, checksum: bda025e5b2921d64be5cbf150b49f701 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior-CAPES / The historical rebuilding of the organic horticulture, in the Fluminense Highland Region, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, particularly in the counties of Petr?polis and S?o Jos? do Vale do Rio Preto, aimed to bring together elements capable to explain some phenomena relating to development of the local agroecosystems, from consultation to documents and interviews with farmers and other persons chosen because of personal and professional experience in the organic movement. Most of the production units certified by the Biological Farmers Association of the State of Rio de Janeiro (ABIO) it develops the organic horticulture, about 180 producers, in properties of four hectares, on average, mainly in the counties of Petr?polis and Nova Friburgo, while to smallest amount of producers in the county of S?o Jos? do Vale do Rio Preto. The organization of the productive chain must consider that the organic horticulture is a diversified activity, small-scale, low value added, carried out by family farmers widely distributed in the territory. This requires complex logistics of production, processing, marketing, transportation and distribution. The process of management of the organic production has been presenting progresses and retreats in the search of collective solutions. In 1979, the manifest ?Food without poison' was published. In 1980, the first point of sale of organic products appears. In 1981, the Consumers Cooperative Association of Environmental Harmony ? Coonatura - it structures a nucleus for the production of ecological foods, in the county of Petr?polis. In 1984, the Letter of Petr?polis was elaborated, during the II Brazilian Encounter of Alternative Agriculture. In 1985, ABIO was founded, in the city of Nova Friburgo. In 1986, Coonatura enlarges the organic production. The associative system of conversion of the conventional production systems to organic management was based on the co-leasing of the land, manure supply, seeds, payment of daily rates, overtime and commission on production for farmers, who were advised by an own body of technical assistance. The Eco-92 was important to articulation of the organic movement. In 1993, Coonatura counted on 2800 associated consumers, central marketing and supply of home delivery service. In 1994, Coonatura and ABIO created the Ecological Fair of Gloria. In 1999, the Association of Organic Producers of Black River Valley was created, that it started to sell organic products with own mark in supermarkets. Thus, the organization of the system of production and marketing of organic vegetables grown by only a point of sale (1980), passing for a structure with several points (1993), specialized fairs (1994) and service demand through the commercialization in supermarkets (2000). The organic movement, particularly the horticulture, has been learning and taught some lessons: institutions managed by idealistic people need of technical assistance, continuous training (formal and informal) is central, new productive and institutional arrangements of solidary character must be developed and strengthened partnerships. The history of organic horticulture has roots in associationism between producers and consumers, which has enable the improvement of the family farmers' quality of life, in the Fluminense Highland Region of the Rio de Janeiro State. / A reconstitui??o hist?rica da olericultura org?nica na regi?o Serrana Fluminense, particularmente nos munic?pios de Petr?polis e S?o Jos? do Vale do Rio Preto, visou a reunir elementos capazes de explicar alguns fen?menos relativos ? evolu??o dos agroecossistemas locais, a partir da consulta de documentos e entrevistas com agricultores e outras pessoas escolhidas em virtude da experi?ncia profissional e pessoal no movimento org?nico. A maioria das unidades de produ??o certificadas pela Associa??o de Agricultores Biol?gicos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (ABIO) desenvolve a olericultura org?nica, cerca de 180 produtores, em im?veis de quatro hectares, em m?dia, principalmente nos n?cleos do Brejal (munic?pio de Petr?polis) e Nova Friburgo, enquanto que a menor quantidade de produtores encontra-se no munic?pio de S?o Jos? do Vale do Rio Preto. A organiza??o da cadeia produtiva deve considerar que a olericultura org?nica ? uma atividade diversificada, em pequena escala, de baixo valor agregado, exercida principalmente por agricultores familiares amplamente distribu?dos no territ?rio. Isto exige complexa log?stica de produ??o, processamento, comercializa??o, transporte e distribui??o. Neste sentido, o processo de gest?o da produ??o org?nica fluminense tem apresentado avan?os e retrocessos na busca de solu??es coletivas. Em 1979, foi publicado o manifesto ?Comida sem veneno?. Em 1980, surge o primeiro ponto de venda de produtos org?nicos. Em 1981, a Cooperativa de Consumidores da Associa??o Harmonia Ambiental ? Coonatura ? estrutura um n?cleo de produ??o de alimentos ecol?gicos, na localidade do Brejal, distrito de Posse, no munic?pio de Petr?polis. Em 1984, foi elaborada a Carta de Petr?polis, durante o II Encontro Brasileiro de Agricultura Alternativa. Em 1985, foi fundada a ABIO, em Nova Friburgo. Em 1986, a Coonatura amplia os n?cleos de produ??o. O sistema associativo de convers?o dos sistemas de produ??o convencionais para o manejo org?nico baseava-se no co-arrendamento, fornecimento de esterco, sementes, pagamento de di?rias, horas-extras e comiss?o por produ??o para os agricultores, que eram assessorados por um corpo pr?prio de assist?ncia t?cnica e extens?o rural. A Eco-92 foi um marco para articula??o do movimento org?nico. Em 1993, a Coonatura contava com 2800 consumidores associados, central de comercializa??o e fornecimento do servi?o de entrega domiciliar. Em 1994, a Coonatura e ABIO criaram a Feira Ecol?gica da Gl?ria. Em 1999, foi criada a Associa??o de Produtores Org?nicos do Vale do Rio Preto, que passou a comercializar produtos da marca Horta Org?nica, em supermercados. Desta forma, a organiza??o do sistema de produ??o e comercializa??o de oler?colas org?nicas evoluiu de apenas um ponto de venda (1980), passando para uma estrutura com diversos pontos (1993), feiras especializadas (1994) e atendimento da demanda por meio da comercializa??o em supermercados (2000). O movimento org?nico, particularmente a olericultura, tem aprendido e ensinado algumas li??es: institui??es gerenciadas por pessoas idealistas precisam de assessorias t?cnicas; a capacita??o continuada (formal e informal) ? fundamental; novos arranjos produtivos e institucionais de car?ter solid?rio precisam ser desenvolvidos e o associativismo fortalecido. A hist?ria da olericultura org?nica tem ra?zes no associativismo entre produtores e consumidores, o que tem possibilitado a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos agricultores familiares, na Regi?o Serrana Fluminense.