The purpose of the study was to investiage the relationship among the organizational innovation¡Morganizational inertia and organizational effectiveness in elementary schools of Pingtung County¡MTaiwan. Survey research was adopted in this study. A quertionnaire concerning the issues of the three organizational variables was designed to assess teachers¡Mknowledges and attitudes concerning these issues . 509 elementary school teachers of Pingtung County¡MTaiwan were randomly selected as the sample of this study and responded to the questionnaire.The response rate was 84.5¢H. Teachers¡Aresponses were analyzed by both descriptive and inferential. Major findings of the study are as follows¡G 1¡BThe organizational innovation as seen by elementary teachers was above average in a 5-point measuring scale¡Mespecially in the area of¡§school activity innovation¡¨. 2¡BThe organizational inertia expressed by elementary teachers was below average ¡Qtheir sense of¡§procedure inertia¡¨was most susceptible. 3¡BThe degree of organizational effectiveness as perceived by elementary teachers was above average¡Mwith the perception of most favorable¡§school Climate¡¨. 4¡BSenior female elementary teachers with administrative roles in remote ¡Msmall and middle schools showed favorable attitudes toward schools¡Aorganizational innovation. 5¡BSenior elementary teachers with duties of student-advisers and teaching in big¡Murban schools perceived higher organizational inertia of schools. 6¡BSenior female teachers with education of graduation studies¡Mhaving administrative dutips¡Mand teaching in rural¡Mremote¡Msmall and middle schools¡Mpercewed higher school organizational effectiveness . 7¡BThe more positive the teachers, attitudes toward the school organizational innovation were¡Mthe lower their perception of organizational innovationwould be. 8¡BThe higher the teachers, feelings about school organizational inertia were¡Mthe lower their feelings about their school organizational effectiveness would be. 9¡BTeachers, positive attitudes toward school organizational innovation resulted in their perception of better school organizational effectiveness. 10¡BSchools, administrative innovation seemed to affect schools, organizational effectiveness. 11¡BOrganizational innovation and organizational inertia were the significant variables to predict school organizational effectiveness.

Date: 2024-01-04 Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration, 15 cr Institution: School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University  Authors: Andoni Saval Sanchez Rafael Reis Siribeli  Title: New Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation in the Swedish Landscape.  Supervisor: Emre Yildiz  Keywords: Organization Support, Organizational Inertia, Enterprise Resource Planning, Information Systems  Research question: What are the primary organizational support actions that employees from different firms in Sweden claim to impact the most when adopting new technologies?  Purpose: The purpose is to explore how organizational support actions affect employees' adoption of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems in Sweden, analyzing their adaptation, behavioral intentions and firm’s actions, and providing recommendations for firms in the edge of implementing such systems.  Method: Qualitive research by using semi-structured interviews and Thematic Analysis.  Conclusion: The study was conducted by collecting primary data in two organizations located in Sweden who had recently experienced an ERP system implementation, guided by literature on Organizational Inertia and Organizational Support theories with a strong focus in employee perceptions. A thematic analysis of the data resulted in the following findings, 7 primary organizational support actions and 8 barriers were identified within 7 employees in the 2 firms. These were, in terms of Organizational Support, Teamwork, Words of Appreciation, Open Communication, Recognition, Trust and Honesty, Hyper Care Workshops with Stakeholders, and Roles and Responsibility. In term of barriers, Language, Time Constraint, Gap of Knowledge of Own Operations, Lack of Knowledge Transfer, Lack of Clarity in Roles, Unpreparedness, Lack of Human Resources, and Underwhelming Contractors. The authors hope these results can function as an aid to organizations experiencing a technological transformation and shade some light to the struggles employees face in the process.

Background – Inertia describes a state whereby companies develop slower relative the pace of change experienced by their environment, something most organizations experience at least once in their lifetime. Being in the state of inertia and consequently failing to adapt to change cause new businesses to replace old ones. Therefore, it is important for firms to be dynamic, which enables them to quickly recognize opportunities and threats. A way for companies to answer to these changes is to possess dynamic capabilities, which is found to be a solution for inertia. Digital innovation has played a key role in the evolution of dynamic environments. In order for companies to adapt to changing environments, the need for digital adaptation is becoming increasingly crucial. As a result, digital and social platforms have rapidly emerged throughout society, forcing companies to act to avoid stagnating in their development.   Purpose - This thesis aims to analyze how the utilization of Facebook as a dynamic capability can prevent inertia through the microscope of the Dynamic Capability Framework.   Method - Empirical data was collected through an interview study with employees at strategy and digital media consultancy firms. The participants possess extensive knowledge in the field of strategic implementation of social media. Primary data was gathered through semi-structured interviews and was analyzed in relation to the reviewed theory within inertia, dynamic capabilities, and digital innovation, by a thematic analysis. Findings - The findings of this thesis indicate that by dynamically utilizing Facebook, companies can extensively explore markets. This allows companies to continuously align existing resources by adapting and acting on identified trends within markets. Since these are actions within the Dynamic Capability Framework, a conclusion can be drawn that the usage of Facebook can be a dynamic capability. The usage of Facebook can therefore prevent organizations from entering the state of inertia. The findings further show that in order for the utilization of Facebook to be a dynamic capability, companies must possess extensive user skills and competencies. This research adds to the existing theory of digital media and business development by examining the usage of the social media platform, Facebook, through the lens of the Dynamic Capability Framework.

The record industry has been around for just over 100 years and it’s an industry that mostly has been growing and growing ever since its inception. New technology has always pushed the industry forwards and helped it grow bigger and bigger with almost each year. But when the internet came in the early 2000’s it changed everything. It caused a stir in the industry when the music consumers now had the possibility to rip CD's, download music files illegally and share them with the world for free. In desperate actions to try to save the record labels from going bankrupt they did all in their power to fight the change. What eventually happened was that other actors came in and saved the business with services that embraced the change from a physical way of consuming music, to a new digital one.   This is a study of how that change has been perceived and affected the record labels and their ways of working. By using Paul Hirschs modell charting the organization of the pop music industry and the four processes that Tschmuck describes as the core activities of a record label, we’ve interviewed six record labels in the Stockholm area in an attempt to describe the new core activities and organization of the industry now that the digitization has changed the way the customers consume music.   Our findings show that the value added chain that Hirsch modelled has changed drastically, with several actors losing importance in it, while others actors has traded places. The core activities that Tschmuck described remains the same, but the ways they are executed has become more effective thanks to the new technology.

[pt] Na emergência global das mudanças climáticas, um eixo fundamental para a mitigação é associado ao setor energético, que representa 77% das emissões globais de gases de efeito estufa. O fenômeno global caracterizado pela substituição de fontes de energia fósseis por fontes de energia renováveis, visando a redução das emissões é denominado de ‘Transição Energética’. Neste contexto, as empresas incumbentes do setor de óleo & gás se encontram no centro deste dilema estratégico, uma vez que este setor responde por 50% da demanda global de energia e são focadas em fontes de energia fósseis, emissoras de gases de efeito-estufa. Este estudo visa esclarecer os fatores que precedem o engajamento na transição energética por empresas incumbentes do setor de óleo & gás, fazendo-as vencer a inércia organizacional e adotar estratégias que as levem a se adaptar à mudança de cenário global pela qual passa este setor. Com estudo plurianual (2017-2022) e ampla base de dados (168 empresas do setor) foram aplicados testes empíricos para verificar os fatores antecedentes ao engajamento das empresas incumbentes do setor de óleo & gás. Observou-se que a vigência do acordo de Paris, a natureza do controle acionário e a importância do segmento de upstream são fatores que influenciam no engajamento das empresas incumbentes do setor de óleo & gás. / [en] In the global climate change emergency, a fundamental axis for mitigation is associated with the energy sector, which accounts for 77% of global greenhouse gas emissions. The international phenomenon characterized by replacing fossil energy sources with renewable energy sources, aiming at emissions reduction, is termed Energy Transition. In this context, incumbent oil and gas sector companies find themselves at the center of this strategic dilemma, as this sector accounts for 50% of global energy demand and is focused on fossil energy sources that emit greenhouse gases. This study aims to elucidate the factors preceding engagement in the energy transition by incumbent oil and gas sector companies, enabling them to overcome organizational inertia and adopt strategies that lead them to adapt to the changing global landscape that this sector is undergoing. Through a multi-year empirical study (2017-2022) and a comprehensive database (168 companies in the industry), empirical tests were applied to verify the factors preceding incumbent oil and gas companies engagement. It was seen that the enforcement of the Paris Agreement, the nature of shareholder control, and the importance of the upstream segment influence incumbent companies engagement in the oil & gas sector.

策略聯盟在管理理論與實務上都是重要且常被提及的議題，但因組織進入策略聯盟後績效提升的成果不一致，以致廣受學者與經理人之質疑與討論。近期研究顯示，策略聯盟是否能提升績效與組織學習或改變有關。本研究以組織慣性觀點檢視在策略聯盟過程中組織慣性之所在、展現與成因，以及透過策略聯盟如何化解組織慣性，達成焦點組織跟隨策略意圖而來的組織改變。 Hannan與Freeman(1984)據組織生態學提出的組織慣性觀點認為，組織為使利害關係人持續投入資源，須達到當責性(accountability)與穩定性(reliability)的要求，如此將令組織在重複產出下產生慣性(inertia)。組織慣性具有效率、低成本及自動化等功能以因應穩定的環境，但當環境變遷時，組織慣性則將成為組織因應環境的絆腳石與組織改變的障礙。據此，本研究目的有二：一、希望透過聯盟雙造（多方）受訪者的觀點，探討焦點組織的組織慣性所在與展現。二、如何透過組織間的策略聯盟化解焦點組織的組織慣性，達成焦點組織策略改變之目的，找出策略聯盟成員廠商與領導廠商的條件及化解組織慣性的機制。 組織慣性引自物理學的慣性概念，本研究利用跨領域理論之借用，嘗試與當前的聯盟研究對話，透過質性紮根的研究方式，訪談紡織產業中參與策略聯盟之廠商，以變革事件為分析單位，探索廠商參與策略聯盟過程中出現的組織慣性及其化解方式，並就本研究之發現與相關組織理論對話。 本研究核心問題為：一、組織慣性成因；二、組織慣性之化解；三、策略聯盟如何化解組織慣性。理論貢獻包括：一、提出組織內各單位、各層級無法同步改變是組織慣性之成因。二、若可使組織內部達成同步改變，則可化解組織慣性；透過認知、誘因、資源與能力的互補提升等三種機制可影響各個個體的決策與行動。三、策略聯盟可透過對象的選擇，以鏡像脈絡與聯盟倡導人途徑造成焦點組織同步改變，化解其組織慣性。實務意涵為提供具有組織慣性的組織改變的可行途徑，以及策略聯盟夥伴的選取與聯盟化解組織慣性之機制。 / Strategic alliances are a popular practical strategy in the management field and represent an important area of academic research. The outcomes of organizations that have joined strategic alliances have been inconsistent, however, so strategic alliance is still a black box for management scholars and managers. Recent studies have shown that the performance of strategic alliances is related to the process of organizational learning or changes in the focal organizations. This research is based on the organizational inertia perspective, which analyzes the organizational inertia of a focal organization in the process of strategic alliance through the Management Matrix (Seetoo, 2005). This matrix shows the locations, causes, and presentations of the organizational inertia. Overcoming organizational inertia through strategic alliances may allow organizations to achieve expected changes in strategic intent. Organizational inertia was originally a concept from physics. In this study, we have borrowed from multiple theories in an attempt to dialogue with the current research on strategic alliances. According to organizational ecological theory, organizational inertia emerges when an organization wants its stakeholders to continue to input their resources into the organization, and ,in turn, the organization must provide output that meets the stakeholders’ requirements regarding accountability and reliability. After repeated production and documentation, the organization acquires inertia (Hannan & Freeman, 1984). In a stable environment, an organization with inertia is efficient, low-cost, and automated. When the environment is changing, however, organizational inertia will become an obstacle for organizations in their ability to respond to external changes. This study has several purposes, First, through the interviewees, who are key persons in dyadic (or multiple) partnerships in strategic alliances, we aim to investigate the locations, causes, and presentations of the focal organizations’ organizational inertia. Second, in order to analyze the process of overcoming the focal organizations’ inertia in a strategic alliance context, we aim to identify the routes, mechanisms, and characteristics of the strategic alliance partner that aid in overcoming the focal organization’s inertia. Through qualitative interviews with the participating organizations, all of which have joined strategic alliances in the textile industry, our analysis focuses on the events surrounding strategic change. We explore the presentations and overcoming of the focal organizations’ inertia in the strategic alliance process. The findings of this study are brought into the conversation through dialogue with relevant organization theory. From the analysis of the qualitative data from multiple resources, we put forward the following three propositions: First, the focal organization’s lack of coherence and synchronous change are the cause of the organizational inertia. Second, if coherence and synchronous change can be reached within the organization, organizational inertia can be resolved. Third, a strategic alliance can help the focal organization to achieve the coherent and synchronous change to overcome its organizational inertia. This study makes several theoretical contributions. First, we find that the focal organizations inability to enact coherent, synchronous change is the main cause of organizational inertia. Second, if synchronous change can be reached within the organization, this can resolve organizational inertia; offering new information to influence cognition, incentives, resources, and capabilities are complementary enhancement mechanisms that can affect individuals’ decisions and actions. Third, strategic alliance through the selection of an alliance partner, a mirroring context, and an alliance champion can improve the focal organizations’ ability to access synchronous change to overcome its organizational inertia. When the partners in the strategic alliance have high reputation and capability, they will accomplish these mechanisms more easily. For the coherence of multiple decision makers, one partner of the strategic alliance must mirror the focal organization to obtain a better result in overcoming focal organizational inertia. Other, there needs to be a champion in the multiple strategic alliance who can to persuade people to alter their cognition, plan incentive allocation, integrate the organizations’ capabilities and resources, and so on. The practical implications of this research are that it provides a viable way to overcome organizational inertia, as well as selecting strategic alliance partners and the mechanisms and routes of strategic alliances.

How do firms tend to their current viability while remaining competitive in the long-term? This question lays out the basis for this thesis by highlighting their conflicting logics through the concept of organizational ambidexterity. Literature makes a distinction between competing in mature markets and existing technologies (exploitation) versus new markets and new technologies (exploration). The preponderance of studies shows that, as firms grow larger, they tend to form core rigidities in their culture, structure and processes that hamper their efforts to adapt to the changing environment. By overemphasizing exploitative activities, future challenges or opportunities remain unexplored which can have a devastating effect in the event of radical, external changes. The cases of Nokia and Kodak should serve as cautionary tales in this regard. The automotive industry is currently undergoing a transition to electric cars. We conduct a case study at Volvo Cars from a senior leadership perspective, to illustrate the importance of exploration and how it can be legitimized during an industry transformation. Our work points to three major findings. First, communicating the importance of the transformation with the rest of the organization is imperative to creating goal alignment. Secondly, interorganizational collaboration in R&D helps Volvo to tap into knowledge that resides outside the organization and thereby increasing the chances of a successful transition to electric cars. Thirdly, agile management contributes to knowledge diffusion and is a powerful tool to counter organizational inertia by adding to firms’ speed and responsiveness, making them act more similarly to smaller, entrepreneurial firms.