Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:31:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fatima Guardani.pdf: 1443047 bytes, checksum: aed6afa88befbaca68225f3f45316077 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-13 / This study had the objective to analyze the relation among the organizational values, the practices and the trust of the costumers in services organizations. Due to values influence in behavior; to organizational values influence in organizations members choices and decisions, and in the development of organizational practices, it was aimed to investigate, in the services organizations costumers point of view, the relation among organizational values, organizational practices noticed in the interaction with the employees, and the trust in organizations.To fulfil the study, the elaboration and application of a scale related to organizational practices noticed by costumers in interaction with employees was carried out, as well as the adaptation and application of a scale related to organizational values, and another referring to the analysis of trust. The sample, characterized as non-probabilistic, resulted in 503 services organizations costumers. The data treatment involved multivariate data analysis. The results evidenced that the organizational values noticed by costumers, positively correlated with their trust in organizations, involved respect with stakeholders, welfare of the employees, prestige and tradition. The organizational practices noticed by costumers in the interaction with employees, positively correlated with costumers trust in organizations refer, basically, to the positive interaction and the practices related to the competitors. The costumers´ trust was composed partially by the dispositional trust and mainly by the trust given to the organizations, composed by trust based on knowledge, characteristics and identification. New researchs are suggested, involving costumers of others segments and services organizations, using clusters analysis; comparison between the organizational values shared by employees and those noticed by costumers, as well as comparison between organizational values noticed by costumers and their personal values. / Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a relação entre os valores organizacionais, as práticas e a confiança dos clientes em organizações do setor de serviços. Devido à influência dos valores no comportamento dos indivíduos, e dos valores organizacionais nas escolhas e decisões dos membros de uma organização e no desenvolvimento de práticas organizacionais, buscou-se analisar, do ponto de vista de clientes de empresas do setor de serviços, a relação entre os valores organizacionais, as práticas organizacionais percebidas na interação com os funcionários e a confiança que depositam nas organizações. Para a realização do estudo, procedeu-se à elaboração e aplicação de uma escala de práticas organizacionais, percebidas por clientes de empresas prestadoras de serviços na interação com os funcionários; e à adaptação e aplicação de uma escala voltada à análise dos valores organizacionais e de outra referente à análise da confiança. A amostra utilizada caracterizou-se como não probabilística e resultou em 503 clientes de empresas do setor de serviços. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado mediante técnicas de análise multivariada. Os resultados mostram que os valores organizacionais percebidos pelos clientes, que se correlacionam positivamente com a confiança nas organizações, envolvem respeito aos stakeholders, bem-estar dos empregados, prestígio e tradição. As práticas organizacionais percebidas pelos clientes na interação com os funcionários, que se correlacionam positivamente com a confiança nas organizações, referem-se basicamente às práticas de interação positiva e às práticas relativas à concorrência. A confiança dos clientes foi composta, em parte, pela confiança disposicional e, principalmente, pela confiança atribuída às organizações, formada pela confiança baseada em conhecimento, em características e em identificação. Sugere-se que sejam realizadas novas pesquisas, junto a clientes de empresas de outros setores e de tipos específicos de serviços, realizando-se análises de clusters; pesquisas comparativas, analisando-se os valores organizacionais compartilhados pelos empregados das organizações e os percebidos pelos clientes; bem como comparações entre os valores organizacionais percebidos pelos clientes e seus valores pessoais.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This research aims to identify and characterize the main evolution of Management Organizations according to the Gaucho Program of Quality and Productivity, Level II - Towards Excellence, developing an examination of the main learning practices used in recognized organizations which have the Quality Award RS. This issue has an extreme importance to the award granting, which assures a good performance and maintain the survival of the business. As regards the research method, this study can be characterized as descriptive, predominantly qualitatively. Its approach was based on a study case, whose unit of analysis was considered from the universe of winner companies of the Trophy Gold Award Quality of RS. As a basis of research, the theme organizational learning in literature and its applying on Criteria for Excellence in the National Quality Awards were discussed together with the Gaucho program of Quality and Productivity. The implementation of this study has been performed through the adoption of a conceptual model for verification of organizational learning developed by Guaragna (2004). In consequence, the Report of Management was analyzed and the coordinators of the Management System of two companies, recognized by submitting processes cross outlined in a structure, were interviewed. This approach allows the occurrence of practices of organizational learning that are on course in the follow organizations: Centro Tecnológico de Mecatrônica SENAI and Medianeira Transportes Ltda. Based on the study, it is supposed that the learning can be understood as a process with specific characteristics, in which leaders have a key function in its achievement, occurring by meetings of critical analysis, preparation or revision of the Strategic Planning and benchmarking with companies in the same segment. Finally, it is suggested that further researches should be developed in order to verify the effectiveness of the practice of organizational learning and the competitive gap created to the organizations by the Quality Award RS in its different modalities. / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo principal identificar e caracterizar a evolução da Gestão de Organizações de acordo com o Programa Gaúcho da Qualidade e Produtividade, Nível II - Rumo a Excelência, por meio do exame das principais práticas de aprendizagem utilizadas nas organizações reconhecidas com Prêmio Qualidade RS, visto ser esse tema fundamental à concessão da referida premiação, à sobrevivência e ao desempenho empresarial. Quanto ao método de pesquisa, este estudo pode ser caracterizado como descritivo, predominantemente qualitativo, a sua abordagem baseou-se em um estudo de caso, cuja unidade de análise considerada foi extraída do universo de empresas ganhadoras do Troféu Ouro do Prêmio Qualidade RS. Como forma de pesquisa, buscou-se identificar o tema aprendizado organizacional na literatura e sua abordagem nos Critérios de Excelência do Prêmio Nacional da Qualidade, concomitantemente ao Programa Gaúcho da Qualidade e Produtividade. A execução deste estudo deu-se por meio da adoção de um modelo conceitual para verificação do aprendizado organizacional desenvolvido por Guaragna (2004) e, mediante análise do Relatório de Gestão e entrevista com os coordenadores do Sistema de Gestão de duas empresas reconhecidas por apresentarem processos delineados e uma estrutura interfuncional, que possibilita a ocorrência de práticas de aprendizagem organizacional que estejam em decurso nas organizações: Centro Tecnológico de Mecatrônica SENAI e Medianeira Transportes Ltda. Com base no estudo, sugere-se que o aprendizado possa ser entendido como um processo com características específicas, nos quais as lideranças têm papel fundamental na sua implementação, ocorrendo por meio de reuniões de análise crítica, elaboração ou revisão do Planejamento Estratégico e, benchmarking com empresas do mesmo segmento. Por fim, sugere-se que pesquisas futuras sejam realizadas com o intuito de verificar a eficácia das práticas de aprendizagem organizacional, bem como o diferencial competitivo gerado às organizações, pelo Prêmio Qualidade RS nas suas diferentes modalidades.

Schools worldwide are experiencing challenges in terms of ensuring quality education and good retention of its teaching staff. The highly stressful nature of the teaching profession as well as the high demands placed on teachers with the constant changes in curriculum, not enough resources and insufficient support from supervisors, cause secondary school teachers to show high turnover intention rates and high attrition rates which are extremely costly and detrimental to the success of the school. The well-being of the teacher is mostly overlooked within a highly stressful environment where the focus is on results. Demands on schools and teachers are becoming increasingly complex. Teacher issues are discussed on policy agendas as a result of concerns raised by teachers themselves about the future of their profession and whether they are sufficiently rewarded and supported in their work. The morale and motivation of teachers are important for future teacher retention. Teachers are now expected to have much broader roles, taking into account the development of the learner, the handling of teaching processes in the classroom, the focus of the entire school as a “community-in-action” and the relations with the larger community and the world of teaching in general. Thus expectations are higher and demands are more – but the well-being of the teacher does not seem to be a priority within the larger school environment and global teaching picture. Efforts to improve the psychological well-being and optimal functioning of secondary school teachers will affect individual and organizational outcomes. A teacher who functions well is more likely to stay in the profession and will be more motivated than one who is not engaged and demotivated. Investments in the well-being of teachers will lay the basis for positive school outcomes such better retention, better performance and job satisfaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychological well-being of a sample of secondary school teachers in North West Province and to determine the antecedents and outcomes thereof. A cross-sectional survey design was used to gather data regarding the well-being of secondary school teachers and its outcomes. A stratified sample (N = 513) was taken of secondary school teachers in North West Province in South Africa. The measuring instruments used were the Supervisor Behaviour Scale, Work-Related Basic Need Satisfaction Scale, Balanced Measure of Psychological Needs, Work Engagement Scale, Turnover Intention Scale, Work-Life Questionnaire, Revised Job Diagnostic Survey, Co-Worker Relations Scale, Work and Meaning Inventory, Personal Resources Scale, Self-Rated Performance Scale, and Positive Practices Questionnaire. The results of study 1 showed that supervisor support (for autonomy, competence, and relatedness) was positively related to employees’ psychological need satisfaction and engagement and negatively related to intention to leave. Supervisor support affected engagement positively and intention to leave negatively via employees’ autonomy satisfaction. The findings suggest that supervisor support and psychological need satisfaction play a significant role in the engagement and retention of employees. The results of study 2 showed that a calling orientation, job design, and co-worker relations explained a large percentage of the variance in experiences of meaningful work. A low calling orientation and poor co-worker relations predicted a moderate percentage of the variance in burnout. A calling orientation, a well-designed job, good co-worker relations, and meaningful work predicted work engagement. Job design was moderately associated with self-ratings of performance. The absence of a calling orientation predicted teachers’ intentions to leave the organisation. The results of study 3 showed that teachers with the highest levels of psychological functioning derived the most meaning from their work. These teachers are renewed by the work they are doing. Positive organizational practices predicted positive outcomes such as meaning, engagement and self-determined behaviour. Psychologically-well and healthy teachers are more likely to focus on the meaningfulness of the work they are doing. It seems that the most important positive practices in the pathway to better psychological well-being at work are those of meaningful work and inspiration.

Schools worldwide are experiencing challenges in terms of ensuring quality education and good retention of its teaching staff. The highly stressful nature of the teaching profession as well as the high demands placed on teachers with the constant changes in curriculum, not enough resources and insufficient support from supervisors, cause secondary school teachers to show high turnover intention rates and high attrition rates which are extremely costly and detrimental to the success of the school. The well-being of the teacher is mostly overlooked within a highly stressful environment where the focus is on results. Demands on schools and teachers are becoming increasingly complex. Teacher issues are discussed on policy agendas as a result of concerns raised by teachers themselves about the future of their profession and whether they are sufficiently rewarded and supported in their work. The morale and motivation of teachers are important for future teacher retention. Teachers are now expected to have much broader roles, taking into account the development of the learner, the handling of teaching processes in the classroom, the focus of the entire school as a “community-in-action” and the relations with the larger community and the world of teaching in general. Thus expectations are higher and demands are more – but the well-being of the teacher does not seem to be a priority within the larger school environment and global teaching picture. Efforts to improve the psychological well-being and optimal functioning of secondary school teachers will affect individual and organizational outcomes. A teacher who functions well is more likely to stay in the profession and will be more motivated than one who is not engaged and demotivated. Investments in the well-being of teachers will lay the basis for positive school outcomes such better retention, better performance and job satisfaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychological well-being of a sample of secondary school teachers in North West Province and to determine the antecedents and outcomes thereof. A cross-sectional survey design was used to gather data regarding the well-being of secondary school teachers and its outcomes. A stratified sample (N = 513) was taken of secondary school teachers in North West Province in South Africa. The measuring instruments used were the Supervisor Behaviour Scale, Work-Related Basic Need Satisfaction Scale, Balanced Measure of Psychological Needs, Work Engagement Scale, Turnover Intention Scale, Work-Life Questionnaire, Revised Job Diagnostic Survey, Co-Worker Relations Scale, Work and Meaning Inventory, Personal Resources Scale, Self-Rated Performance Scale, and Positive Practices Questionnaire. The results of study 1 showed that supervisor support (for autonomy, competence, and relatedness) was positively related to employees’ psychological need satisfaction and engagement and negatively related to intention to leave. Supervisor support affected engagement positively and intention to leave negatively via employees’ autonomy satisfaction. The findings suggest that supervisor support and psychological need satisfaction play a significant role in the engagement and retention of employees. The results of study 2 showed that a calling orientation, job design, and co-worker relations explained a large percentage of the variance in experiences of meaningful work. A low calling orientation and poor co-worker relations predicted a moderate percentage of the variance in burnout. A calling orientation, a well-designed job, good co-worker relations, and meaningful work predicted work engagement. Job design was moderately associated with self-ratings of performance. The absence of a calling orientation predicted teachers’ intentions to leave the organisation. The results of study 3 showed that teachers with the highest levels of psychological functioning derived the most meaning from their work. These teachers are renewed by the work they are doing. Positive organizational practices predicted positive outcomes such as meaning, engagement and self-determined behaviour. Psychologically-well and healthy teachers are more likely to focus on the meaningfulness of the work they are doing. It seems that the most important positive practices in the pathway to better psychological well-being at work are those of meaningful work and inspiration.

Ce mémoire est rédigé dans le cadre d’une recherche multidisciplinaire visant à développer de meilleurs outils d’intervention et politiques en santé mentale au travail. L’objectif principal de cette étude était de cibler les déterminants de l’épuisement professionnel et des troubles musculosquelettiques et leur cooccurrence chez une population policière. Un échantillon de 410 policiers du Service de Police de Montréal (SPVM) a été sondé à l’aide d’un questionnaire basé sur des outils standardisés en santé mentale au travail. Les conditions organisationnelles, variables indépendantes de cette étude, ont été identifiées à partir de modèles théoriques validés. L’analyse segmentée de chacun des grands concepts (latitude décisionnelle, soutien social au travail, demandes, justice distributive et sur engagement) révèle que l’effet des conditions organisationnelles ne se manifeste pas également sur chacune des trois dimensions de l’épuisement professionnel (l’épuisement émotionnel, le cynisme et l’efficacité professionnelle). De plus, on observe que les trois formes de récompenses de justice distributive tirées du modèle « Déséquilibre-Efforts-Récompenses » (Siegrist, 1996) ne sont pas distribuées également selon les dimensions de l’épuisement professionnel. Selon nos données, la justice distributive d’estime de soi et le sur engagement s’avèrent significatifs dans tous les cas en regard des dimensions de l’épuisement professionnel et de son indice global. Finalement, nos résultats révèlent que la justice distributive d’estime de soi a un lien significatif sur la cooccurrence de l’épuisement professionnel et des troubles musculosquelettiques. Par contre, on note que des outils de recherche plus spécifiques permettraient une analyse approfondie de l’effet des conditions organisationnelles sur les troubles musculosquelettiques et sur l’effet de cooccurrence entre les deux problèmes à l’étude. / This thesis was written in the scope of a multidisciplinary research aiming to develop better intervention tools and policies for management of mental health in the workplace. The main objective was to identify the determining factors of burnout, musculoskeletal disorders, and their associated comorbidity within a population of police officers. Four hundred and ten officers from the Service de Police de la Ville de Montreal (SPVM) were interrogated using a questionnaire based on standard tools in work-related mental health research. The organizational conditions (main independent variables for this study) were derived from validated theoretical models. The data analysis consists of a segmented approach that looks at the effect of each concept (decisional latitude, social support, demands, rewards, and overcommitment). This revealed that the effects of organizational conditions were unevenly distributed among the three dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion, cynicism and personal accomplishment). Moreover, it was observed that three different types of rewards described in the “Effort-Reward Imbalance Model” (Siegrist, 1996) also had uneven effects on the likelihood of burnout. According to our data, self-esteem rewards and the overcommitment phenomenon had the most significant impact on each of the three dimension of burnout and on its global index. Finally, our results show that self-esteem rewards are significantly related to the comorbidity of musculoskeletal disorders and burnout. However, we note that more specific research tools would enable further analysis of the effect of organizational conditions on musculoskeletal disorders and more detailed explanation of the comorbidity relationship between the two disorders.

L’objectif de cette thèse était de discuter la relation entre les pratiques quotidiennes et les émotions dans le processus organisationnel du cirque contemporain. En vue de cela, une étude ethnographique dans le contexte situé au Brésil et au Canada pendant les années 2011 dans la ville brésilienne de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, et 2013 dans la ville canadienne de Montréal, dans la province de Québec. Dans la première base théorique de cette étude, j’effectue une discussion à propos de la dimension politique des pratiques, des façons de faire des sujets sociaux, dans les processus organisationnels quotidiens soulignant la (i)mobilité des organisations en Études organisationnelles. En effet, considérons la routine organisationnelle comme des espaces de pratiques qui constituent la micropolitique - politique de la vie quotidienne - par la sphère normative des processus de gestion. La micropolitique se réfère à la comparaison des relations pratiques avec action logique historique et culturelle; présenter un caractère procédural, car les formes d’organisation des espaces multiples et interconnectés dans la pratique ; produire des effets dans la vie quotidienne en raison de son caractère relationnel avec sphères normatives de la société. En mettant en évidence les émotions comme des pratiques dans la routine organisationnelle qui doit être articulées à d'autres pratiques quotidiennes forment la dimension politique émotionnelle des processus organisationnels. L’un des effets identifiés de la politique émotionnelle dans le travail quotidien du cirque était la production de plusieurs spatialités. Malgré que ces dernières permettent les cirques de chercher la reconnaissance de leur légitimité artistique qui est le produit des contrepoints concernant l’ordre établi dans le domaine politique des arts dans les villes étudiées. En effet, les cirques ne pouvaient être considérés comme des espaces hétérotopiques organisationnels, ou des espaces constituant l’ordre social, mais leurs relations pratiques établies forces inverses. Ainsi, la thèse que je défends dans cet article affirme que la relation entre les pratiques et les émotions quotidiennes est la politique émotionnelle des processus organisationnels résultant de la production de hétérotopies. Les principaux résultats de cette recherche soulignent l’importance des émotions dans les organisations. En montrant comment ces éléments pratiques influencent le développement d'une théorie politique des émotions dans les études organisationnelles. La contribution méthodologique que je présente dans cette thèse est l’appropriation de l’ ethnographie multissituée comme une stratégie de recherche pour les entreprises qui sont basées sur la mobilité socio-spatiale et dans de différents endroits comprendre.En termes appliqués à la gestion, les résultats de l'enquête mettent en évidence que le processus de création des artistes de cirque est centré sur une dynamique collective. Ainsi que l’engagement de la conversation comme pertinente pour la transmission de la connaissance de la production artistique. De plus, la réalisation de résidences de création dans de différents contextes culturels de base pour la formation technique et le développement social du cirque. Sur le processus de formation des artistes, souligner la nécessité d'intégrer des études sur la dimension collective de l’organisation de la formation des artistes de cirque dans les écoles de cirque. Ceci dit, le sujet producteur culturel comme articulateur de pratiques artistiques à des pratiques de gestion. / O meu objetivo nesta tese foi discutir as relações entre as práticas cotidianas e as emoções no processo organizativo do circo contemporâneo. Para tanto, eu realizei um estudo etnográfico multissituado no contexto Brasil-Canadá entre os anos de 2011, na cidade brasileira de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, e 2013, na cidade canadense de Montréal, na província de Quebeque. No primeiro eixo teórico deste estudo, realizo uma discussão a respeito da dimensão política das práticas, as maneiras de fazer dos sujeitos sociais, no cotidiano dos processos organizativos e destaco a (i)mobilidade das organizações nos Estudos Organizacionais. Com efeito, considero o cotidiano organizacional como espaços de práticas que constituem micropolíticas – políticas da vida cotidiana – em meio à esfera normativa dos processos de gestão. As micropolíticas referem-se às relações do confronto das práticas com lógicas de ação determinadas histórico-culturalmente; apresentam um cunho processual; e produzem efeitos no cotidiano devido ao seu caráter relacional com as esferas normativas da sociedade. Destaco as emoções como práticas no cotidiano organizacional que ao serem articuladas às outras práticas cotidianas formam a dimensão política emocional dos processos organizativos. Um dos efeitos da política emocional no cotidiano de trabalho dos circenses que identifiquei foi a produção de múltiplas espacialidades que, apesar de possibilitar aos circos a busca pelo reconhecimento de sua legitimidade artística, produziu contrapontos em relação ao ordenamento estabelecido no campo político das artes nas cidades estudadas. Com efeito, considero que os circos podem ser compreendidos como espaços organizacionais heterotópicos, ou seja, espaços que constituem o ordenamento social, mas que suas práticas invertem as relações de forças estabelecidas na sociedade. Sendo assim, a tese que defendo nesse trabalho é que as relações entre as práticas cotidianas e as emoções constituem a política emocional dos processos organizativos resultando na produção de heterotopias organizacionais. Os principais resultados desta pesquisa destacam a importância das emoções como práticas nas organizações evidenciando elementos para o desenvolvimento de uma Teoria Política das Emoções nos Estudos Organizacionais. A contribuição metodológica que eu apresento nesta tese é a apropriação da etnografia multissituada como estratégia de pesquisa para compreensão de processos organizativos que se constituem com base em mobilidades sócio-espaciais e em diferentes locais. Em termos aplicados à gestão, os resultados da pesquisa destacam que o processo criativo dos artistas circenses é centrado em uma dinâmica coletiva, a prática de conversação como relevante para a transmissão do conhecimento da produção artística e a realização de residências criativas em diferentes contextos culturais como base para o desenvolvimento técnico e de formação social dos circenses. Sobre o processo de formação dos artistas, destaco a necessidade de incorporação de estudos sobre a dimensão coletiva de organização dos circenses na formação dos artistas nas escolas de circo e o sujeito produtor cultural como articulador das práticas artísticas às práticas de gestão. / The aim of this thesis was to discuss the relationship between everyday practices and emotions in organizational process of contemporary circus. For this purpose, a multisited ethnographic study in the context Brazil - Canada between the years 2011 in the Brazilian city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, and 2013 was held in the Canadian city of Montreal, in the province of Quebec. In the first theoretical basis of this study, I realize a discussion about the political dimension of practices, ways of making social subjects, in everyday organizational processes highlighting (i)mobility of organizations in Organizational Studies. Indeed, consider the organizational routine as spaces of practices that constitute micro - politics of everyday life - in the midst of a normative management processes. The micro refer to the comparison of practical relations with logical action of certain historical and culturally; present a procedural nature, because the forms of organization are multiple and interconnected spaces in practice; produce effects in everyday life due to its relational character with normative spheres of society. Highlight the emotions like practices in organizational routine that to be articulated to other daily practices form the emotional political dimension of organizational processes. One of the identified effects of emotional politics in the everyday work of the circus was the production of multiple spatialities that despite, enable circuses by seeking recognition of their artistic legitimacy, produced counterpoints regarding the order established in the political field of the arts in the cities studied. Indeed, circuses could be understood as organizational heterotopic spaces, or spaces constituting the social order, but their practical relations established reverse forces. Thus, the thesis that I defend in this paper is that the relationship between everyday practices and emotions are emotional politics of organizational processes resulting in the production of heterotopias. The main results of this research highlight the importance of emotions in organizations showing how practical elements for the development of a Political Theory of Emotions in Organizational Studies. The methodological contribution that I present in this thesis is the appropriation of multisited ethnography as a research strategy for understanding organizations that are based on socio- spatial mobility and in different locations. In terms applied to management, the survey results highlight that the creative process of circus performers is centered on a collective dynamic, engaging in conversation as relevant to the transmission of knowledge of artistic production and the realization of creative residencies in different cultural contexts as a basis for technical training and social development of the circus. On the process of training of artists, highlight the need to incorporate studies on the collective dimension of organizing the training of circus performers in circus schools and the subject cultural producer as articulator of artistic practices to management practices.

Ce mémoire est rédigé dans le cadre d’une recherche multidisciplinaire visant à développer de meilleurs outils d’intervention et politiques en santé mentale au travail. L’objectif principal de cette étude était de cibler les déterminants de l’épuisement professionnel et des troubles musculosquelettiques et leur cooccurrence chez une population policière. Un échantillon de 410 policiers du Service de Police de Montréal (SPVM) a été sondé à l’aide d’un questionnaire basé sur des outils standardisés en santé mentale au travail. Les conditions organisationnelles, variables indépendantes de cette étude, ont été identifiées à partir de modèles théoriques validés. L’analyse segmentée de chacun des grands concepts (latitude décisionnelle, soutien social au travail, demandes, justice distributive et sur engagement) révèle que l’effet des conditions organisationnelles ne se manifeste pas également sur chacune des trois dimensions de l’épuisement professionnel (l’épuisement émotionnel, le cynisme et l’efficacité professionnelle). De plus, on observe que les trois formes de récompenses de justice distributive tirées du modèle « Déséquilibre-Efforts-Récompenses » (Siegrist, 1996) ne sont pas distribuées également selon les dimensions de l’épuisement professionnel. Selon nos données, la justice distributive d’estime de soi et le sur engagement s’avèrent significatifs dans tous les cas en regard des dimensions de l’épuisement professionnel et de son indice global. Finalement, nos résultats révèlent que la justice distributive d’estime de soi a un lien significatif sur la cooccurrence de l’épuisement professionnel et des troubles musculosquelettiques. Par contre, on note que des outils de recherche plus spécifiques permettraient une analyse approfondie de l’effet des conditions organisationnelles sur les troubles musculosquelettiques et sur l’effet de cooccurrence entre les deux problèmes à l’étude. / This thesis was written in the scope of a multidisciplinary research aiming to develop better intervention tools and policies for management of mental health in the workplace. The main objective was to identify the determining factors of burnout, musculoskeletal disorders, and their associated comorbidity within a population of police officers. Four hundred and ten officers from the Service de Police de la Ville de Montreal (SPVM) were interrogated using a questionnaire based on standard tools in work-related mental health research. The organizational conditions (main independent variables for this study) were derived from validated theoretical models. The data analysis consists of a segmented approach that looks at the effect of each concept (decisional latitude, social support, demands, rewards, and overcommitment). This revealed that the effects of organizational conditions were unevenly distributed among the three dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion, cynicism and personal accomplishment). Moreover, it was observed that three different types of rewards described in the “Effort-Reward Imbalance Model” (Siegrist, 1996) also had uneven effects on the likelihood of burnout. According to our data, self-esteem rewards and the overcommitment phenomenon had the most significant impact on each of the three dimension of burnout and on its global index. Finally, our results show that self-esteem rewards are significantly related to the comorbidity of musculoskeletal disorders and burnout. However, we note that more specific research tools would enable further analysis of the effect of organizational conditions on musculoskeletal disorders and more detailed explanation of the comorbidity relationship between the two disorders.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:24:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2595.pdf: 1998416 bytes, checksum: c4eb13727377657e0b2d5aaae186f5dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-28 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / This thesis aimed at analyzing the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST) organizational practices and its power relationships within the State of São Paulo campsites and settlements. MST acquired a never before seen dimension among the history of other characters in the struggle for land, constantly broadening its claims alternatives, interventions and alliance network. In recent times, amidst the campaigns supported by the movement there are those against genetically modified foods and against AFTA. The movement s organization has been re-issued in MST s formation material for several years. What however replaces the same question? What are the movement s strategies and its forms of organization and staff selection? In what measure its members consciousness is built ? How members are indicated to determinate tasks or positions ? Those were some of the questions we put to ourselves. Data were collected through the reading of manuals, newspapers, magazines and other material produced by the movement; as well as through interviews with camped and settled families, with militants and with leaderships; nevertheless, through participant observation of several events, seminars and courses also organized by the movement. In a certain way, we could observe that MST politics longevity is mainly due to this organizational structure and to the professionalizing of its direction board, what guarantee its political authority, personified in its main leaderships. We shall add to that the fact that the movement finds itself nationally and internationally articulated in a network of support and political and, occasionally, economic background. Militants and directors are submitted to a series of principles and politic lines that provide unit to the movement, re-enforced in its formation material and courses. By means of the same mechanisms, tasks delegation and evaluation criteria are stipulated. Militant conduct is observed by other members and this is an indispensable factor for further indications to upper levels of complexity and responsibility tasks. We could observe that camped members attain themselves mobilized to activities because they believe it is a path to obtain land, once their place in the camping is due to the movement, and militants and directors mostly detain the territory, the forms and strategies of organization domain. In settlements there is a smaller political participation. It is common to find settlers concerned only to their families and their allotments care, and not actively participating in the movement s activities. Families show themselves reluctant to militant intervention, choosing rather to constitute affinity groups in order to solve their community problems. In other hand, those social relations can not be understood as separated or distant from social dynamics itself, what ends up producing arrangements and re-arrangements of organizational structures, new inventions within organization forms and new subjects. From established relationships emerge new though marginal or submersed relationships that allow us to allude to new experiences of social transformation. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar as práticas organizativas do MST e as relações de poder em acampamentos/assentamentos no estado de São Paulo. O Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra adquiriu dimensão nunca, anteriormente, alcançada pelos outros personagens da luta pela terra, ampliando constantemente seus leques de reivindicações e intervenções e a rede de alianças. Atualmente, dentre as campanhas para as quais o movimento dá apoio, encontram-se as lutas contra os alimentos geneticamente modificados e contra a ALCA. A organização do movimento tem sido tema das suas cartilhas durante vários anos. O que faz com que esta questão sempre esteja presente? Quais são as estratégias e as formas de organização e a seleção de seus quadros? Em que medida se constrói a consciência de seus integrantes? Como se dão as indicações para a ocupação de determinadas tarefas ou de cargos ? Estas foram algumas das questões que nos propusemos a responder. Os dados foram coletados por meio da leitura das cartilhas, jornais, revistas e outros documentos do movimento, além da realização de entrevistas com as famílias acampadas ou assentadas, com militantes e com lideranças e também através da observação participante em diversos eventos, reuniões, seminários e cursos organizados pelo movimento. Pudemos observar que, em certa medida, a sua longevidade no plano político se deve a esta estrutura organizativa e a profissionalização dos seus quadros de direção, que lhe garantem a autoridade política, personificada em suas principais lideranças. Acresce-se a isto, o fato de que o movimento encontra-se articulado nacional e internacionalmente por redes que lhes dão apoio e sustentação política e, por vezes, econômica. Os militantes/dirigentes estão submetidos a uma série de princípios e linhas políticas que garantem a unidade do movimento, que estão contidas nas cartilhas de formação do movimento e são transmitidas nos cursos de formação. Por meio destes mecanismos são estipulados também os critérios de delegação e avaliação das tarefas. A conduta do militante é observada pelos demais membros e é um fator indispensável para sua indicação em tarefas de maior nível de complexidade e responsabilidade. Observamos que os acampados se mantêm mobilizados em torno das atividades do movimento, pois acreditam ser um meio para conquistar a terra, já que é por meio do movimento que estão no acampamento, e que são os militantes/dirigentes que detém, na maioria das vezes, o domínio do território e das formas e estratégias de organização. No assentamento, há uma menor participação política. É comum os assentados se restringirem aos cuidados com a família e o lote e não participarem, ativamente, das atividades do movimento. As famílias se mostram mais resistentes às intervenções da militância, preferindo constituir grupos de afinidade para resolverem alguns problemas da comunidade. Por outro lado, estas relações sociais não podem ser entendidas como estanques e distanciadas da própria dinâmica social, que acaba por produzir arranjos e rearranjos nas estruturas organizativas, novas invenções nas formas de organização e novos sujeitos. Das relações estabelecidas, emergem novas relações ainda marginais ou submersas que permitem aludir para novas experiências de transformação social.

L’objectif de cette thèse était de discuter la relation entre les pratiques quotidiennes et les émotions dans le processus organisationnel du cirque contemporain. En vue de cela, une étude ethnographique dans le contexte situé au Brésil et au Canada pendant les années 2011 dans la ville brésilienne de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, et 2013 dans la ville canadienne de Montréal, dans la province de Québec. Dans la première base théorique de cette étude, j’effectue une discussion à propos de la dimension politique des pratiques, des façons de faire des sujets sociaux, dans les processus organisationnels quotidiens soulignant la (i)mobilité des organisations en Études organisationnelles. En effet, considérons la routine organisationnelle comme des espaces de pratiques qui constituent la micropolitique - politique de la vie quotidienne - par la sphère normative des processus de gestion. La micropolitique se réfère à la comparaison des relations pratiques avec action logique historique et culturelle; présenter un caractère procédural, car les formes d’organisation des espaces multiples et interconnectés dans la pratique ; produire des effets dans la vie quotidienne en raison de son caractère relationnel avec sphères normatives de la société. En mettant en évidence les émotions comme des pratiques dans la routine organisationnelle qui doit être articulées à d'autres pratiques quotidiennes forment la dimension politique émotionnelle des processus organisationnels. L’un des effets identifiés de la politique émotionnelle dans le travail quotidien du cirque était la production de plusieurs spatialités. Malgré que ces dernières permettent les cirques de chercher la reconnaissance de leur légitimité artistique qui est le produit des contrepoints concernant l’ordre établi dans le domaine politique des arts dans les villes étudiées. En effet, les cirques ne pouvaient être considérés comme des espaces hétérotopiques organisationnels, ou des espaces constituant l’ordre social, mais leurs relations pratiques établies forces inverses. Ainsi, la thèse que je défends dans cet article affirme que la relation entre les pratiques et les émotions quotidiennes est la politique émotionnelle des processus organisationnels résultant de la production de hétérotopies. Les principaux résultats de cette recherche soulignent l’importance des émotions dans les organisations. En montrant comment ces éléments pratiques influencent le développement d'une théorie politique des émotions dans les études organisationnelles. La contribution méthodologique que je présente dans cette thèse est l’appropriation de l’ ethnographie multissituée comme une stratégie de recherche pour les entreprises qui sont basées sur la mobilité socio-spatiale et dans de différents endroits comprendre.En termes appliqués à la gestion, les résultats de l'enquête mettent en évidence que le processus de création des artistes de cirque est centré sur une dynamique collective. Ainsi que l’engagement de la conversation comme pertinente pour la transmission de la connaissance de la production artistique. De plus, la réalisation de résidences de création dans de différents contextes culturels de base pour la formation technique et le développement social du cirque. Sur le processus de formation des artistes, souligner la nécessité d'intégrer des études sur la dimension collective de l’organisation de la formation des artistes de cirque dans les écoles de cirque. Ceci dit, le sujet producteur culturel comme articulateur de pratiques artistiques à des pratiques de gestion. / O meu objetivo nesta tese foi discutir as relações entre as práticas cotidianas e as emoções no processo organizativo do circo contemporâneo. Para tanto, eu realizei um estudo etnográfico multissituado no contexto Brasil-Canadá entre os anos de 2011, na cidade brasileira de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, e 2013, na cidade canadense de Montréal, na província de Quebeque. No primeiro eixo teórico deste estudo, realizo uma discussão a respeito da dimensão política das práticas, as maneiras de fazer dos sujeitos sociais, no cotidiano dos processos organizativos e destaco a (i)mobilidade das organizações nos Estudos Organizacionais. Com efeito, considero o cotidiano organizacional como espaços de práticas que constituem micropolíticas – políticas da vida cotidiana – em meio à esfera normativa dos processos de gestão. As micropolíticas referem-se às relações do confronto das práticas com lógicas de ação determinadas histórico-culturalmente; apresentam um cunho processual; e produzem efeitos no cotidiano devido ao seu caráter relacional com as esferas normativas da sociedade. Destaco as emoções como práticas no cotidiano organizacional que ao serem articuladas às outras práticas cotidianas formam a dimensão política emocional dos processos organizativos. Um dos efeitos da política emocional no cotidiano de trabalho dos circenses que identifiquei foi a produção de múltiplas espacialidades que, apesar de possibilitar aos circos a busca pelo reconhecimento de sua legitimidade artística, produziu contrapontos em relação ao ordenamento estabelecido no campo político das artes nas cidades estudadas. Com efeito, considero que os circos podem ser compreendidos como espaços organizacionais heterotópicos, ou seja, espaços que constituem o ordenamento social, mas que suas práticas invertem as relações de forças estabelecidas na sociedade. Sendo assim, a tese que defendo nesse trabalho é que as relações entre as práticas cotidianas e as emoções constituem a política emocional dos processos organizativos resultando na produção de heterotopias organizacionais. Os principais resultados desta pesquisa destacam a importância das emoções como práticas nas organizações evidenciando elementos para o desenvolvimento de uma Teoria Política das Emoções nos Estudos Organizacionais. A contribuição metodológica que eu apresento nesta tese é a apropriação da etnografia multissituada como estratégia de pesquisa para compreensão de processos organizativos que se constituem com base em mobilidades sócio-espaciais e em diferentes locais. Em termos aplicados à gestão, os resultados da pesquisa destacam que o processo criativo dos artistas circenses é centrado em uma dinâmica coletiva, a prática de conversação como relevante para a transmissão do conhecimento da produção artística e a realização de residências criativas em diferentes contextos culturais como base para o desenvolvimento técnico e de formação social dos circenses. Sobre o processo de formação dos artistas, destaco a necessidade de incorporação de estudos sobre a dimensão coletiva de organização dos circenses na formação dos artistas nas escolas de circo e o sujeito produtor cultural como articulador das práticas artísticas às práticas de gestão. / The aim of this thesis was to discuss the relationship between everyday practices and emotions in organizational process of contemporary circus. For this purpose, a multisited ethnographic study in the context Brazil - Canada between the years 2011 in the Brazilian city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, and 2013 was held in the Canadian city of Montreal, in the province of Quebec. In the first theoretical basis of this study, I realize a discussion about the political dimension of practices, ways of making social subjects, in everyday organizational processes highlighting (i)mobility of organizations in Organizational Studies. Indeed, consider the organizational routine as spaces of practices that constitute micro - politics of everyday life - in the midst of a normative management processes. The micro refer to the comparison of practical relations with logical action of certain historical and culturally; present a procedural nature, because the forms of organization are multiple and interconnected spaces in practice; produce effects in everyday life due to its relational character with normative spheres of society. Highlight the emotions like practices in organizational routine that to be articulated to other daily practices form the emotional political dimension of organizational processes. One of the identified effects of emotional politics in the everyday work of the circus was the production of multiple spatialities that despite, enable circuses by seeking recognition of their artistic legitimacy, produced counterpoints regarding the order established in the political field of the arts in the cities studied. Indeed, circuses could be understood as organizational heterotopic spaces, or spaces constituting the social order, but their practical relations established reverse forces. Thus, the thesis that I defend in this paper is that the relationship between everyday practices and emotions are emotional politics of organizational processes resulting in the production of heterotopias. The main results of this research highlight the importance of emotions in organizations showing how practical elements for the development of a Political Theory of Emotions in Organizational Studies. The methodological contribution that I present in this thesis is the appropriation of multisited ethnography as a research strategy for understanding organizations that are based on socio- spatial mobility and in different locations. In terms applied to management, the survey results highlight that the creative process of circus performers is centered on a collective dynamic, engaging in conversation as relevant to the transmission of knowledge of artistic production and the realization of creative residencies in different cultural contexts as a basis for technical training and social development of the circus. On the process of training of artists, highlight the need to incorporate studies on the collective dimension of organizing the training of circus performers in circus schools and the subject cultural producer as articulator of artistic practices to management practices.

L'objectif général de cette thèse est d'identifier l'influence des manifestations de la culture de l'organisation, en matière de valeurs et de pratiques organisationnelles, ainsi que de l'identité professionnelle et organisationnelle sur la performance professionnelle par les compétences, c'est-à-dire la performance compétente, au sein de la police. 916 policiers militaires du District Fédéral de tous les niveaux hiérarchiques ont participé à cette recherche. Des analyses factorielles exploratoires et confirmatoires ont été utilisées pour vérifier les évidences de la validité des mesures des constructions qui composent le modèle théorique. Les résultats trouvés suggèrent que les variables antécédentes (valeurs organisationnelles, pratiques organisationnelles, identité professionnelle et identité organisationnelle) permettent de faire des prédictions quant à la performance professionnelle. Aussi bien l'identité organisationnelle que l'identité professionnelle ont permis de faire une médiation (médiation simple et en chaîne) entre les dimensions sous-jacentes aux valeurs et aux pratiques organisationnelles et la performance au travail. Les pratiques organisationnelles ont plus de pouvoir de prédiction que les types de motivations par rapport à la performance professionnelle. Le test des modèles généraux et des modèles détaillés (modèles concurrents) a démontré que les constructions du modèle étaient stables et invariantes, ce qui permet leur utilisation dans différents contextes. Enfin, des limitations de recherche ont été montrées, leurs implications sont d'ordre théorique, méthodologique et de gestion, ce qui demande la mise en place de nouvelles recherches. / The purpose of this research was to identify and describe the influence of the manifestations of the culture, represented in this work by organizational values and practices, organizational and professional identity regarding the professional performance competencies of the professional in his service as a policeman. In total, 916 military police officers from Distrito Federal of all hierarchical levels of the police organization were questioned about organizational values, organizational practices, professional identity, organizational identity and professional performance competencies. The scales were tested using exploratory factorial analysis and confirmatory factorial analysis in order to validate the theoretical model using structural equation modeling. The results suggest that the variables of organizational values, organizational practices, professional identity and organizational identity can predict professional performance competencies. Organizational identity and professional identity have mediated (simple mediation and chain mediation) the relation between subjacent dimensions of values and organizational practices regarding performance at work. The organizational practices have predicted the professional performance competencies better than the organizational values subtypes. The tests of the general model and the parsimonious models (concurrent models) have demonstrated the stability and the invariance of the constructs of the model, indicating their usability in other contexts. After the conclusion are proposed the research limitations, theoretical, methodological and managerial implications, as well as an agenda to attend the gaps of the research.