OF THE THESIS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE The methodology of murder investigation (selected issues) The methodology of murder investigation is one of the areas of the special criminalistics, which attends to the methods of investigation of individual criminal offenses. In consideration of the variability of murders and of the overall natural development of the company, it is necessary to be consulting also the methodology of investigation as the process which is dynamic and subject to the development. One of the essential and the relatively unknown phenomenon in this area of the last time was the increase in committed murders made to order - hired murders. This type of murder is at the same time often the link with another relatively new phenomenon of post-revolutionary period in the territory of the Czech Republic, the organized crime. The purpose of the thesis is except for the outline of general procedure during the homicide investigation also to point out some specific features concerning the hired murders and the murders planted in the context of organized crime. The forced theme is in this direction the characteristic of the personality of a hired murderer. In consideration of the fact that the murder and the personality of the murderer in general is very often the subject of the research of the...

This thesis focuses on organized crime that has recently become one of the most serious global problems threatening the stability, security and development of civil society. At the beginning of the thesis, its author defines a basic term ,,organized crime" and its relation to the organized criminality. Then the author deals with the history of organized crime groups, describes the most important of the groups, and concentrates on new forms of organized crime. Furthermore, the author lists Czech and international substantive and procedural legal regulations with regard to the organized crime. Finally, the author discusses other non-legal means of the fight against the organized crime. The main part of the thesis is devoted to the methodology of investigation with a focus on specific initiatives and the subject of investigation, initial and subsequent acts, and the specific versions of investigation, planning, organization of investigation, and prevention. In greater detail, the thesis deals with methods of witnesses hearing, and especially with the legal concept of a secret witness, and protection provided to witnesses by special law, and the concept of a cooperating accused person. The thesis also analyzes operative and investigative means and other means of investigation.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / This research will assess the counter-terrorism policy options available to Albanian authorities. As part of this investigation, it will consider the nature of the terrorism threat, review the counter-terrorism policies that have been pursued in the past, and weigh the strengths and weaknesses of the current policy. These elements will provide background for an analysis of the available policy models on the basis of four main criteria: 1) political feasibility; 2) legal and constitutional constraints; 3) foreign policy objectives and 4) effectiveness. The state policy options this study will analyze can be placed under four broad categories: a) deterrence through hard line measures including military operation and emergency powers; b) co-option and conciliation; c) pursuit of sanctuary or a passive policy; or d) deterrence via criminal justice. All these options might be plausibly implemented by Albania; indeed they have been used at different times in different countries. The working hypothesis of this investigation is that a policy based mainly on deterrence through criminal justice will be the most effective way to counter the internal threats that Albania faces while improving the countrys international standing. / Civilian, Ministry of Defense of Albania

The National Labor Relations Act stands as one of the most influential pieces of labor legislation in the history of the United States. The Act defines the rights and responsibilities of both employers and employees. Furthermore, the National Labor Relations Act makes the State into the chief judicial body regarding labor disputes through the National Labor Relations Board. Chiefly concerned with the circumstances that led to the passage and affected the shaping of the Act, factors such as Communist organizing, racial politics of the Deep South, and internal division within the labor movement in the 1920s are examined. Specific case studies include the Auto-Lite Strike in Toledo, Ohio (1934), the Minneapolis Teamster Strike (1934), and the West Coast Longshoremen Strike (1934).

This thesis investigates to what extent there is a link between the illicit drugs trade and regional terrorist/insurgent organisation s in Central Asia. In particular , the research attempts to understand the dynamics of actor participation within the drugs trade, including whether any such involvement is motivated by either criminal or political incentives. To inform such an assessment analysis of engagement opportunities, financial requirements, network connections and organisational structure have taken place. The study initially drew from the wide body of literature that has examined the degree to which exploitation of natural resources, including drugs, has fuelled armed conflict. From this starting point a qualitative field research agenda comp rising of over 180 semi - structured interviews, documentary analysis and observation has been undertaken. It is the proposition of this thesis that the manner in which regional terrorist/insurgent organisations participate within the drugs trade appears to be more sporadic and localised than previously thought. The assertion that participation will significantly expand a group’s capabilities only appears accurate in very specific circumstances . Furthermore, the evolving theory that terrorist/insurgent groups have developed long term strategic relationships with organised crime actually appears to be increasingly distant in the post 2001 Central Asian drug trafficking environment.

Swedish wrestling faces an issue, in that participation seems to decrease after the age of 9. The main purpose of this study is to examine factors that motivate, gives joy and supports adolescents to continue wrestling, with the aim of providing insights that can be useful when striving to retain participant numbers among young wrestlers. The study employs a quantitative method, using a survey to collect empirical data from active wrestlers aged 13-16. The survey yielded 82 responses, which were analyzed through the use of SPSS. The results indicate that friendship, a sense of community, and a desire to perform well during practice sessions and competitions are the most prominent factors listed by the respondents of the study. Furthermore, the study did not find any big differences in the results depending on age or gender. Recommendations for future research include studying wrestlers who are no longer active and investigating whether there is a relationship between their decision to quit and a lack of the produced factors identified within this thesis

Presented dissertation is devoted to the criminal means of dealing with organized crime. Recently the organized crime has undoubtedly belonged to the category of most serious problems that the individual countries, including the Czech Republic, have had to cope with especially in the field of legislature. In our country this phenomenon became more visible after the fall of the totalitarian regime when the borders were opened. This resulted in the boost in the activity of foreign criminal societies and domestic criminal societies consequently. However, at the beginning the Czech legislature did not take any serious action thus providing free space for the organized crime to establish itself in the Czech Republic. It was the intensive calls for an action that would react to the current situation which spurred the legislature to make several more or less crucial changes prevailing up to now. When dealing with the organized crime, the tools of criminal substantive as well as procedural law appear to be the most effective ones. The organized crime as the most serious type of group crime can be effectively dealt with only through specific criminal-law institutes and mechanisms which can adequately fight against this phenomenon as far as revealing the perpetrators, penalizing and finally destroying the...

The aim of the thesis is an analysis of the topical legal form of the cooperating defendant. It is divided into 5 chapters. In the first chapter there are given concepts of the crown witness and the cooperating defendant, added deliberation of de lege ferenda. In the second chapter the author gives particular principles of the prosecution and describes in what way the institution of the cooperating defendant influences them. The third chapter is devoted to the organized crime and the legal means which are applied to its prosecution. In the fourth chapter the modification of the institution of the cooperating defendant is decribed in detail. In this chapter the author points out the importance of the confession of the status of the cooperating defendant , the motivation, the verbal testimony, the protection of the cooperating defendant. Further the author takes a possible application of the institution of the hidden witness for cooperating defendant into consideration. In the last chapter the author gives cases, where an aplication of the institute of cooperating defendant is used. In the case studies the author especially aims at the testimony of cooperating defendent. The admission of the status of the cooperating defendant and what kind of punishment was given to the cooperating defendant in...

Vários problemas do mundo real podem ser analisados como problemas de otimização. Na bioinformática, em especial, como exemplos podem ser citados o alinhamento múltiplo de sequências, a filogenia, a predição de estruturas de proteínas e RNA, entre outros. As Meta-heurísticas Populacionais (MhP) são técnicas baseadas em interações de conjuntos de soluções candidatas, como elementos de uma população, utilizadas na otimização de funções. Seu uso é especialmente interessante na otimização de problemas onde há conhecimento parcial ou nenhum do espaço de busca. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o uso de auto-organização da população de um sistema imunológico artificial (AIS) a fim de aplicá-lo no problema de docking, que pode ser visto como um problema de otimização multimodal complexo. O AIS é um tipo de MhP inspirado na microevolução do sistema imunológico adaptativo de organismos complexos. Neste, as soluções candidatas representam células do sistema imunológico que busca se adaptar para a eliminação de um patógeno. O desenvolvimento do algoritmo foi baseado no opt-aiNet, que utiliza dos princípios das teorias de seleção clonal e maturação de afinidade para realizar a otimização de funções. Adicionalmente, o opt-aiNet, inspirado na teoria de redes imunológicas, realiza uma etapa de supressão, que busca eliminar soluções semelhantes, aumentando assim a diversidade populacional. Esta etapa é computacionalmente custosa, dado que é feito o cálculo da distância entre todos os possíveis pares de células (soluções) afim de eliminar aquelas próximas de acordo com um dado critério. A proposta deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de um algoritmo de supressão auto-organizável, inspirado no fenômeno da criticalidade auto-organizada, buscando diminuir a influência da seleção de parâmetros e a complexidade da etapa de supressão. O algoritmo proposto foi testado em um conjunto de funções contínuas conhecidas e comumente utilizadas pela comunidade de computação evolutiva. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com aqueles de uma implementação do opt-aiNet. Em adição, foi proposta a utilização de operadores de mutação com distribuição q-gaussiana nos AISs desenvolvidos. O algoritmo foi também aplicado no problema de docking rígido baseado em complementaridade de superfícies e minimização de colisões, especificamente no docking de proteínas. Os resultados foram comparados com aqueles de um algoritmo genético, resultando em um melhor desempenho obtido pelo algoritmo proposto. / Many real world problems can be described as optimization problems. In bioinformatics in special, there is multiple sequence alignment, filogeny and RNA and Protein structure prediction, among others. Population based metaheuristics are techniques based in the interaction of a set of candidate solutions as elements of a population. Its use is specially interesting in optimization problems where there is little or no knowledge of the search space. The objective of this work is to study the use of self-organization of population in an artificial imune system for use in the docking problem, considered a complex multimodal optimization problem. The artificial imunme system is a type of population based methaheuristics inspired in the microevolution of the adaptive immune system of complex organisms. Candidate solutions represent cells of the immune system adapting its antibodies to eliminate a pathogen. The development of the algorithm was based in the opt-aiNet, based in the principles of clonal selection and affinity maturation for function optimization. Additionally, the opt-aiNet, inspired in theories of immune network, makes a suppression stage to eliminate similiar solutions and control diversity. This stage is computationally expensive as it calculates the distance between every possible pair of cells (solutions) eliminating those closer than a threshold. This work proposes a self-organized suppression algorithm inspired in the self-organized criticality, looking to minimize the influence of parameter selection and complexity of the suppression stage in opt-aiNet. The proposed algorithm was tested in a set of well-known functions in the evolutionary computation community. The results were compared to those of an implementation of the opt-aiNet. In addition, we proposed a mutation operator with q-Gaussian distribution for the artificial immune systems. The algorithm was then applied in the rigid protein docking problem based in surface complementarity and colision avoidance. The results were compared with a genetic algorithm and achieved a better performance.

Este trabalho estuda a presença acentuada da vacância imobiliária e suas relações com a dinâmica urbana na área central de São Paulo. Para tanto, são verificadas as diversas formas de tratamento da vacância. A análise é completada com um breve histórico do desenvolvimento urbano da cidade. O cenário atual o cenário atual da área central é descrito através das características específicas do mercado imobiliário, da demanda, da atuação dos diversos agentes urbanos e da presença das ocupações organizadas. A metodologia utilizada inclui entrevistas com agentes ligados ao mercado imobiliário, e uma pesquisa de campo, apoiada em um plano amostral estratificado, por meio da qual se obtém a estimativa da vacância para os distritos Sé e República. Como resultado final do estudo, apontam-se os fatores do crescimento e permanência dos espaços edificados vazios na cidade de São Paulo. / This work studies the excess vacancy and its relations to the urban dynamics in downtown São Paulo. Several forms of dealing with the problem of vacancy are explored, and analysed within the context of a brief historical description of the urban development of the city. The present scenario of the central urban area is described, showing the characteristics of the real estate market, the demand on buildings, the performance of different urban agents, and the organized occupation of housing spaces. The methodology used includes interviews with agents related to the real estate market, and a survey based on a stratified sampling technique, to estimate vacancies in the districts of Sé and República. Finally, the factors leading to the uprising and persistence of vacant buildings in the central area of São Paulo are pointed out.