In organized sports, Buffers play a bigger role within crisis communications than other industries. These buffers can relieve or intensify a crisis depending on the welfare of the organization's reputation. This paper looks at Manchester United's recent crisis regarding their player Mason Greenwood to identify usage of buffers in their crisis communication. With the help of Coombs, Koerber & Zabaras definitions of buffers paired with Sellnows proposal of dominant narratives the paper's theoretical framework was established. The organization's statements regarding the crisis, as well as their Twitter and Facebook pages were processed with the help of narrative analysis. Through the processing of the material implicit usage of buffers was identified both in their statements and social media. This paper will explore the implicit nature of buffer usage which hopefully will lead to a greater understanding of the topic for academics and organizations.

Participation in organized sport has been in a decline for the past decade, but there is still an exercisetrend in Sweden, as people are training individually. For that reason, the purpose of this study is tounderstand how the sport movement relates to the exercise trend. The study addresses the followingquestions: How do sport clubs perceive the exercise trend? Have sport clubs worked and adaptedactivities around the exercise trend? Are there any difficulties working with the exercise trend? How canthe clubs work around the exercise trend and develop according to the clubs themselves? The study wasdone using a qualitative method interviewing eight sport clubs using semi-structured interviews. Theresults show that every sport club in the study have worked towards the exercise trend in one way oranother. Sport clubs are mostly aware of the exercise trend and are trying to adapt to it. Some of theclubs are going great lengths to work and adapt to the exercise trend while some clubs are not. Based onthe results there are some challenges the clubs need to consider internally and externally.

Studies in Sweden have shown that about 80% of all youth in Sweden have participated in organized sport during their upbringing but at the age of 20 only 50% of these continue. There have been several attempts to understand why youth stop participating in sports but few aimed to understand why they continue. The objective of this study was to examine if there is a difference in motivation between youth (in the ages of 16-20 years) who participate in recreational and elite sports. The study was carried out as a quantitative survey where both recreational (n=35) and elite athletes (n=33) particpated. The study used a Sport Motivation Scale questionnaire translated into Swedish. The results showed three significant differences between the two grouops; amotivation, intrinsic motivation to learn and intrinsic motivation to experience. The study could conclude that intrinsic motivation and a feeling joy is the most important motivational factor for both groups to participate in sports.

Sedan år 2007 har regeringen avsatt 500 miljoner kronor årligen, i ett projekt som kallas för ”Idrottslyftet”, för att under fem år satsa på barn- och ungdomsidrotten. Trots detta verkar det som att fler unga flickor väljer att sluta idrotta inom organiserad lagidrott.  Syftet med studien var att undersöka varför flickor i åldern 13 till 16 år slutar att idrotta inom organiserad lagidrott. Fokusgrupper valdes som metod, och 13 fokusgruppsintervjuer (n=118) genomfördes i tre kommuner i nordöstra Skåne. Två intervjuer valdes ut för en djupare analys och transkribering, resterande elva analyserade enbart det material som svarade på syftet. Intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visade att det var flera olika faktorer som påverkade flickornas val till att sluta idrotta inom organiserad lagidrott. Faktorerna var: familj och vänner och föreningsidrotten. Skolidrotten pekades också ut som en negativ faktor. Diskussionen kopplar resultatet till två hälsoperspektiv; patogenes och salutogenes. Resultatet relaterat till patogenes diskuterar faktorerna kring varför unga flickor väljer att sluta idrotta inom organiserad lagidrott, samt flickornas syn på hur skolorna bedriver sin idrottsundervisning. Vidare diskuteras resultatets salutogena anknytning kring hur idrottsföreningar och skolidrotten kan arbeta för att minska på avhoppen inom idrottsföreningarna och få fler flickor att bli aktiva på fritiden och fortsätta att vara aktiva i framtiden. Konklusionerna var att idrottsföreningar som bedriver barn- och ungdomsidrott borde bedriva en förening grundad på Idrotten vill (som handlar om idrottens idé. Idrottsföreningar och Riksidrottsförbundet har tillsammans skapat riktlinjer för idrottens utformning i svenska förbund och föreningar) och föreningsfostran, men samtidigt beröra tävlingsfostran. En idrottsförening som kan balansera dessa tre faktorer kommer att ha goda förutsättningar att nå framgång på olika sätt. Skolor borde se över innehållet i idrottsundervisningen, göra den mer variationsrik och stimulerande för eleverna. Även samhället och föräldrar borde tillsammans arbeta för att barn och ungdomar ska få en positivare attityd gentemot idrott. / Since 2007 the Swedish government has allocated 500 millions SEK per annum, for a project named “Idrottslyftet”, the aim is to enhance the child and youth sport within five years. Despite this, it seems that more young girls choose to stop participating in organized sport clubs. The aim with this study was to find out why girls stop participating in organized sport clubs. The method that was used was focus groups, and 13 focus groups interviews (n=118) was performed in northeast Skåne. Qualitative content analysis was used as the analysis method. The result showed that there were several factors that influenced the girls to stop participating in organized sport clubs. The factors were friends and family and sport clubs. The physical education was also pointed out as a negative factor. The discussion was divided into two health perspectives; pathogenesis and salutogenesis. In pathogenesis the focus was to find out why young girls choose to dropout of organized sport clubs, and the interviewees perspective on the physical education curriculum. In salutogenesis, the discussion focus on, how sport clubs and physical education in schools can prevent dropouts and pursue more physical activity by young females in their spare time and in their future. The conclusions were that sport clubs that perform child and youth sports should perform their activities conforming with the Swedish Idrotten vill ideology and club education, but also a touch of competition education. A sport club that can balance these three factors will probably reach success in different ways. Schools should oversee the curriculum in physical education and make it more variable and stimulating for the students. But also the society and the families should cooperate to pursue a better and more positive attitude towards physical activity among young people.

Previous research has shown that the existence of after school program is beneficial for children's health and their academic performance. Lorensborgsskolan, an elementary school situated in Malmö, implemented a project called “From movement in school to being active in organized sports” where they started a school sport organization. The project seeks to increase the amount of children active in external sport organizations and to make the transition more accessible. The project collaborated with Hemmaplan which is an initiative from the Scanian Basketball Federation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to discuss the prerequisites for implementing Lorensborgsskolans project “From movement in school to being active in organized sports” from a sustainable perspective. The sustainable perspective contains three concepts: social, environmental and economical. Three research questions has been formulated.How was the preparation of this project in relation to sustainability?What challenges can be identified when implementing this project?What benefits can be identified when implementing this project?Interviews, observation and document analysis were the methods used in this research and the data was analyzed through a six step coding process. The result and analysis were divided in three paragraphs named after the research questions connected to the theory. The research findings indicate how this project would give the children a protective factor outside of school. According to the collected result the children should be given the access to pursue sport in the entire city of Malmö and to work on their social skills. In conclusion, an external analysis should have been done before the implementation of the project. The financial aspect is identified as a challenge. For the children to be a part of the school’s sport organization is free of charge in contrast with external sport organizations where this does not imply.

Title: Conditions for the organized and unorganized sport children aged 11-15 years in Brandýs nad Labem - Stará Boleslav Targets: The aim of this thesis is find out the relation of children aged 11-15 years in Brandýs nad Labem - Stará Boleslav to sports activities and find out their satisfaction with the spatial and material conditions for the sport. Methods: To obtain the necessary data was used the method of quantitative empirical research using questionnaires. It was also used data analysis and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were processed by PC programs Microsoft Excel and Statistica. Results: The results of the survey revealed satisfaction of the respondents with the conditions for the organized and unorganized sport in the city. It was also found out what kinds of sports facilities and sports clubs are missed by the respondents in Brandýs nad Labem - Stará Boleslav. Key words: Organized Sport, unorganized sport, conditions for sport, sport facilities, sport organizations, children aged 11-15 years, Brandýs nad Labem - Stará Boleslav.