Magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuojama turizmo paslaugų sutartis, jos nuostatas reglamentuojantys LR bei kitų ES valstybių teisės aktai, atskleidžiami turizmo paslaugų teikimo kokybės teisiniai aspektai. Vykdant darbe iškeltus uždavinius, pateikiama turizmo turizmo paslaugų samprata, rūšys ir specifika, analizuojamos turizmo paslaugų teikimo sutarties atsiradimo priežastys, jos sudarymo bei įsigaliojimo sąlygos, apžvelgiama turizmo paslaugų teikimo teisinio reglamentavimo situacija. Turizmo paslaugų sutarties turinys šiame darbe nagrinėjamas, jos nuostatas lyginant su pagrindinių santykius šioje srityje reglamentuojančių LR teisės aktų bei direktyvos 90/314/EEC normomis, atliekant teismų praktikos analizę. Moksliniams tyrimams skirtoje darbo dalyje analizuojama ginčų, kylančių iš turizmo paslaugų sutarties nagrinėjimo tvarka; pristatoma LTA atlikta studija, kurioje, lyginant su kitų ES valstybių teisės aktų nuostatomis iškeliami turizmo paslaugų teikėjams ydingi LR teisės aktų normų aspektai; aprašoma turizmo paslaugų vartotojų anketinės apklausos metodika, pristatomi jos rezultatai ir jų vertinimai. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos išvados bei rekomendacijos turizmo paslaugų teikimo sutarties tobulinimui, apginamos iškeltos hipotezės. Darbe pateikti 5 paveikslai, 4 lentelės, 8 priedai. Darbo apimtis - 60 puslapių. / The concluding work for master's degree analyses the contract in tourism services legal acts of LR and other ES countries determening its reguliations, legal aspects of tourism services quality are as well dealt with in this study. According to the tasks risen in this particular study, the understanding kinds and specificity of tourism services are presented, the reasons of tourism services agreement appearance, the conditions of its performance and its coming into action are analysed, legal reguliation situation of tourism services is glanced at. The content of tourism services agreement is analysed in this study on the basis of comparing its regulations with the main lans of LR legal acts and directive 90/314/ECC norms regulating relations in the sphere, employing the analysis of court practice. The part of the study for scientific research deals with the analysis of arguments, rising from tourism services agreement, solving order. The study carried out in LTA is presented which points out invalid LR lan acts norms aspects in comparison with other ES countries law acts regulations, the methods of tourism services consumers questionaries are described, its results and evaluation are presented. The concluding part of the study presents the conclusions and recommendations for the improvement of tourism services agreement the outcoming hypotheses are defended. The study includes 5 pictures, 4 tables and 8 appendices. The scope of the study is 60 pages.

No description available.

Histones are chromatin-associated proteins localized to the nucleus. However, extracellular histones are present in biofluids from healthy individuals and become elevated under disease conditions, such as neurodegeneration and cancer. Hence, extracellular histones may have important biological functions in healthy and diseased states, which are not understood. Histones have been reported in the proteomes of extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles and exosomes. The main aim of this thesis was to determine whether or not extracellular histones are secreted via EVs/exosomes. In an initial study (Paper I), I optimized methods for human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell culture, transfection and protein detection using western blotting. In the main study (Paper II), I used oligodendrocyte cell lines (rat OLN-93 and mouse Oli-neu) to investigate the localization of histones to EVs. Western blotting of EVs purified from OLN-93 cell-conditioned media confirmed the presence of linker and core histones in them. Immunolocalization and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that histones are localized to EVs, as well as intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) within multivesicular bodies (MVBs). This suggests that histones are secreted via the MVB/exosome pathway. Localization of histones in EVs was investigated by biochemical/proteolytic degradation and purification followed by western blotting. Surprisingly, histones were associated with the membrane but not the luminal fraction. Overexpression of tagged histones in HEK293 cells confirmed their conserved, membrane localization. OLN-93 cell EVs contained both double stranded and single stranded DNA but nuclease and protease digestion showed that the association of histones and DNA with EVs was not interdependent. The abundance of histones in EVs was not affected by differentiation in Oli-neu cells. However, histone release was upregulated as an early response to cellular stress in OLN-93 cells and occurred before the release of markers of stress including heat shock proteins. Interestingly, a notable upregulation in secretion of small diameter (50-100 nm) EVs was observed following heat stress, suggesting that a sub-population of vesicles may be involved specifically in histone secretion in response to stress. Proteomic analyses identified the downregulation of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) as a possible mechanism underlying increased histone secretion. In Paper III, I developed methods to quantify extracellular histone proteins in human ascites samples from ovarian cancer patients.   In summary, we show for the first time that membrane-associated histones are secreted via the MVB/exosome pathway. We demonstrate a novel pathway for extracellular histone release that may have a role in both health and disease.

O presente trabalho trata da análise da estrutura e da espacialidade na obra de Mies van der Rohe. O objetivo é identificar sistemas e estratégias estruturais diversas ao longo do seu trabalho e entender sua relação com a evolução da concepção espacial de suas obras. Adotou-se como referência para esta análise dois períodos da carreira de Mies: o Período Europeu, de 1906 a 1938, e o Período Americano de 1938 a 1968, nos quais foram identificadas respectivamente quatro fases estruturais, conforme os sistemas estruturais e espaciais utilizados. A investigação centrou-se em quatro obras de referência do arquiteto: o Pavilhão de Barcelona (1928-29), o Crown Hall (1950), o Edifício Seagram (1954) e a Neuegalerie (1968). Compreendendo que o elemento poético da obra do arquiteto, aquele a partir do qual se articulam estrutura e espacialidade, é a tectônica, buscou-se analisar as convergências entre concepção espacial e estrutural e a tectônica destas obras. O resultado mostra que Mies van der Rohe, através de sessenta anos de ensaios e pesquisas estruturais e espaciais, consegue nas décadas de 1950-60 chegar à essência da sua obra: a estrutura como meio ordenador espacial do edifício. / This dissertation analyzes the structure and spatial characteristics on Mies van der Rohe´s work. The goal is to identify many structural strategies and systems throughout Rohe's work in order to understand their relationship with his spatial conception evolution. Two periods of Rohe's career were adopted as reference for this analysis: the European period, from 1906 to 1938, and the American period, from 1938 to 1968. In these periods, four structural stages were identified according to the structural and spatial systems used. The investigation focused on four of his key works: Barcelona Pavilion (1928), Crown Hall (1950), Seagram Building (1954) and Neuegalerie (1968).Understanding that the poetic element within the architect´s work - that from which structural and spatial concepts articulate - is its tectonic element, it was developed here the analysis of the convergence between the space and structural conceptions and the tectonics of the cited works. The dissertation finds that Mies van der Rohe - after 60 years of attempts, and structural spatial researches - achieved, during the 50s and 60s , the essence of his work: the structure as the spatial organizer of the building.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:33:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mendonca_pp_me_sjrp.pdf: 681812 bytes, checksum: d7353da4e0742a18d8d505b0587fda7b (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Os triatomíneos são insetos hematófagos de grande importância para a parasitologia humana, pois são transmissores do Trypanosoma cruzi, protozoário causador da doença de Chagas. Além de sua importância médico-sanitária, os triatomíneos destacam-se pela sua citogenética, pois possuem cromossomos holocêntricos e um modelo de meiose incomum, com meiose invertida para os cromossomos sexuais. Recentes pesquisas com marcadores moleculares em triatomíneos tentam compreender a ancestralidade do grupo. Uma das formas de se compreender a evolução entre espécies é a partir da análise de seqüências do DNA ribossômico (DNAr). Por pertencer a famílias multigênicas, cópias individuais do DNAr não acumulam mutações independentemente, resultando em pequena variação intra-específica e relevante diferenciação interespecífica. No presente trabalho foi realizado um estudo comparativo entre as espécies Triatoma maculata e Triatoma pseudomaculata, com base no uso das técnicas citogenéticas convencionais de orceína lacto-acética, impregnação por íons prata, bandamento-C, reação de Feulgen; da técnica de citogenética molecular de bandamento- C CMA/DAPI; e também por meio da análise da região ITS-1 do DNAr, com base no sequenciamento, com o objetivo de avaliar o grau de homologia entre as espécies estudadas. Os cariogramas das duas espécies indicaram dez pares de autossomos (um deles de tamanho maior) e um par de cromossomos sexuais (2n = 22). No ciclo meiótico foi possível observar a fragmentação da região nucleolar no final do estágio difuso. Corpúsculos nucleolares foram observados em alguns dos núcleos em metáfases meióticas de T. pseudomaculata, evidenciando a persistência nucleolar. A técnica de bandamento-C revelou que o cromossomo Y é heterocromático em ambas as espécies. O sequencimento da região ITS-1, indicou que as espécies apresenta... / The triatomines are hematophagous insects of great concern in public health because they are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan that causes Chagas disease. Triatomines are also of great genetic interest, because that they present holocentric chromosomes and an unusual form of meiosis with post-reductional segregation of sex chromosomes. Recent studies based on molecular markers try to understand the evolutionary history of triatomines. To understand the evolution of a given species, ribosomal DNA (rDNA) analyses are frequently used, which can help to infer evolutionary relationships among species. Individual copies of rDNA do not accumulate mutations independently because they belong to multigene families, resulting in slight intraspecific and important interspecific variation. In this study, a comparative analysis was performed between the species Triatoma maculata and Triatoma pseudomaculata, based on the cytogenetic techniques of lacto-acetic orcein, silver ion impregnation, Cbanding, Feulgen reaction; and CMA/DAPI C-banding. We also compared the species by sequencing the ITS-1 rDNA internal transcribed region in order to evaluate the degree of homology among the studied species. The cariograms of the two species revealed ten autosomes and one pair of sexual chromosomes (2n= 22). In the meiotic cycle, nucleolar fragmentation during the final stages of meiotic prophase I was found. Nucleolar corpuscles were found in some meiotic metaphases of T. pseudomaculata, which is evidence of nucleolar persistence. The C-banding technique revealed that the Y chromosome is heterochromatic in both species. The ITS-1 rDNA sequences showed that the species presented a discharge proximity to each other, and had a high degree of homology (98.5%). The knowledge obtained in this study contributes to the understanding of the interrelation and distribution of those species, and offers... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

O presente trabalho trata da análise da estrutura e da espacialidade na obra de Mies van der Rohe. O objetivo é identificar sistemas e estratégias estruturais diversas ao longo do seu trabalho e entender sua relação com a evolução da concepção espacial de suas obras. Adotou-se como referência para esta análise dois períodos da carreira de Mies: o Período Europeu, de 1906 a 1938, e o Período Americano de 1938 a 1968, nos quais foram identificadas respectivamente quatro fases estruturais, conforme os sistemas estruturais e espaciais utilizados. A investigação centrou-se em quatro obras de referência do arquiteto: o Pavilhão de Barcelona (1928-29), o Crown Hall (1950), o Edifício Seagram (1954) e a Neuegalerie (1968). Compreendendo que o elemento poético da obra do arquiteto, aquele a partir do qual se articulam estrutura e espacialidade, é a tectônica, buscou-se analisar as convergências entre concepção espacial e estrutural e a tectônica destas obras. O resultado mostra que Mies van der Rohe, através de sessenta anos de ensaios e pesquisas estruturais e espaciais, consegue nas décadas de 1950-60 chegar à essência da sua obra: a estrutura como meio ordenador espacial do edifício. / This dissertation analyzes the structure and spatial characteristics on Mies van der Rohe´s work. The goal is to identify many structural strategies and systems throughout Rohe's work in order to understand their relationship with his spatial conception evolution. Two periods of Rohe's career were adopted as reference for this analysis: the European period, from 1906 to 1938, and the American period, from 1938 to 1968. In these periods, four structural stages were identified according to the structural and spatial systems used. The investigation focused on four of his key works: Barcelona Pavilion (1928), Crown Hall (1950), Seagram Building (1954) and Neuegalerie (1968).Understanding that the poetic element within the architect´s work - that from which structural and spatial concepts articulate - is its tectonic element, it was developed here the analysis of the convergence between the space and structural conceptions and the tectonics of the cited works. The dissertation finds that Mies van der Rohe - after 60 years of attempts, and structural spatial researches - achieved, during the 50s and 60s , the essence of his work: the structure as the spatial organizer of the building.

The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate and compare the chosen integrated transport systems in the Czech Republic and based on findings submit a proposal to improvement. For this purpose are chosen the largest and the smarter transport sysstems in the Czech Republic, which are: - Integrated transport system of the Hradec Kralove region (IREDO) - Prague integrated transport system (PID) - Integrated transport system of the South Moravia (IDS JMK) Within the analysis is used the evaluation of the qulitative indicators, for example the number of the carriers, the number of tthe stations etc. This shows that these indicators haven?t got sufficient predictive value for the analysis and final evaluation, because some differences among the transport system. Therefore are the ratios included the analysis, which arw designed on the basis of the quantitative criterions recalculated for factors causing the significant differences of the transport systems. From the analysiss came out best the Integrated transport system in Prague (PID), because of the high freguency of the transport links, large fleet, reliable continuity of the transport links, and the positive evaluation of the range of distribution network, the number of vending machines, types of tickets and existence of the car lots P+R. The worst rated is Integrated transport system of Hradec Kralove region (IREDO), which was recomended to concenterate for the information sources and to attractive the system by these sources. Generally speaking the successful integrated transport systems are these which comply with conditions of the uniformity, intelligibility and clarity. Another important factor is the high frequency of the transport links, the continuity, availability of the bus stops and of course the quality passenger information.

Orientador: Louis Bernard Klaczko / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T08:34:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Brianti_MitsueTaukeuti_D.pdf: 10353784 bytes, checksum: 0344027abe18c39b3dd4826fe982299a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Acredita-se que no gênero Drosophila, o subgênero Drosophila é procedente do subgênero Sophophora e deu origem a outros gêneros e subgêneros e, particularmente, a duas radiações: virilis-repleta e immigrans-Hirtodrosophila. Esta última teve uma origem paleotropical, onde inicialmente se diversificou e se expandiu, enviando a radiação tripunctata aos Neotrópicos. A radiação tripunctata sofreu uma diversificação neotropical importante e atualmente é composta por 9 grupos de espécies adaptadas a áreas florestais. Este projeto se insere num amplo contexto de compreender a evolução da radiação tripunctata de Drosophila. Para isso foram usadas duas abordagens: a) analisamos a posição do rDNA nos cromossomos mitóticos de 16 espécies da radiação tripunctata; b) e, com cromossomos politênicos, focalizamos nossa atenção no estudo detalhado de um agrupamento monofilético dentro do grupo tripuntata - o agrupamento de espécies relacionadas com D. mediopunctata (D. mediopunctata, D. unipunctata e D. roehrae) - usando métodos de citogenética clássica e molecular. Deste modo os objetivos deste trabalho foram: - Examinar a variação da posição dos genes codificantes do RNA ribossomal (rDNA) em espécies da radiação tripunctata. - Produzir fotomapas de cromossomos politênicos de D. roehrae e D. unipunctata. - Caracterizar as inversões cromossômicas (pontos de quebra) que ocorrem em populações de D. roehrae e D. unipunctata - Identificar os elementos cromossômicos de Muller pela localização, através de hibridação in situ, de genes de cópia única de D. melanogaster em cromossomos politênicos das espécies D. mediopunctata, D. roehrae e D. unipunctata. As conclusões gerais foram: - A presença de uma NOR em cada cromossomo sexual é uma condição ancestral no gênero Drosophila e este caráter é bem conservado neste gênero. - Os cromossomos politênicos das três espécies são bem similares, sendo possível determinar com relativa facilidade a homologia dos cromossomos menos polimórficos. - Existe um padrão de polimorfismo de inversões entres os elementos de Muller nestas espécies: o elemento E é o mais polimórfico, com muitas inversões em cada espécie; o elemento C é o segundo mais polimórfico, enquanto B e D são os menos polimórficos. - Drosophila unipunctata apresenta uma conformação cariotípica singular, a despeito das espécies D. mediopunctata e D. unipunctata serem consideradas filogeneticamente mais próximas que D. roehrae, o que sugere uma rápida evolução cromossômica / Abstract: In the genus Drosophila, the subgenus Drosophila arose from the subgenus Sophophora and subsequently gave rise to various subgenera and genera, and to two particularly important radiations: virilis-repleta and immigrans-Hirtodrosophila. The latter originated in the Paleotropics, where it initially diversified and expanded, taking the tripunctata radiation to the Neotropics. The tripunctata radiation suffered significant Neotropical diversification and, at present, is composed of nine species groups adapted to forest habitats. The ultimate aim underlying this project is to understand the evolution of the tripunctata radiation of Drosophila. To address this matter, two approaches were used: a) we investigated the rDNA position, on mitotic chromosomes, in 16 species of the tripunctata radiation; b) and, with polytene chromosomes, we focused our attention in the detailed study of three closely related species of the tripunctata group. (d. mediopunctata, D. unipunctata and D. roehrae) - using classical and molecular cytogenetic analysis. More specifically, we aimed to: - investigate the rDNA position in species of tripunctata radiation through in situ hybridization on mitotic chromosomes. - prepare photomaps of the polytene chromosome of D. roehrae and D. unipunctata, locating the breaking points of the inversions. - identify Muller's elements, in polytene chromosomes of D. mediopunctata, D. roehrae and D. unipunctata through in situ hybridization using genes of D. melanogaster as probes. Our conclusions were: - The presence of a single nucleolus organizer region (NOR) on each sex chromosome is an ancestral and conserved state in the genus Drosophila. - Drosophila mediopunctata, D. roehrae and D. unipunctata have similar polytene chromosomes, which allowed us to establish the homology of chromosomal elements through the comparison of banding patterns. - In these species, the distribution of breaking points through the Muller's elements is non-random: element E is the most polymorphic, with many inversions in each species; and element C is the second most polymorphic; while B and D are the least polymorphic. - With the help of molecular genetic markers it has been previously established that D. mediopunctata is more closely related to D. unipunctata than to D. roehrae. However, D. unipunctata shows a notably different karyotype configuration, which suggests rapid chromosomal evolution / Doutorado / Genetica Animal e Evolução / Doutor em Genetica e Biologia

Since 1997, curriculum implementation was introduced in South African schools. A timetable was given to all schools to implement C2005 in each grade for each year. The study had attempted to identify major factors that hindered or promoted the implementation of C2005 in two schools in Mpumalanga. A case study was conducted where one learning area, namely, natural science was investigated. Each school was visited for an entire week by the researcher. During the visit, the researcher conducted individual interviews with principal, two science teachers and two focus group interviews composed of five learners. Observations of natural science lesson were made of which two of them were recorded on video camera for further analysis. Practices, which were captured in classes, were compared to Rogan and Grayson (2001) model of curriculum implementation. In the final analysis, the study compiled a profile for each school. Both schools rated poorly (level one) in the implementation of C2005. The capacity to support innovation was poor in one school. The study also found that teachers in their attempt to implement C2005 were actually moving from 'frying pan into fire'. Lack of resources and intensive training was creating stress and making most of teachers want to leave the profession. Recommendations were also provided by the study for short and long-term considerations. / Dissertation (MA (Research Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Psychology / unrestricted

The aim of the thesis named Decision criteria for the allocation of conferences and congresses in Prague is to analyse all the factors, which influence the choice of a particular congress or conference destination. The priority is to evaluate the congress tourism potential of the city of Prague and to suggest options for the innovation in order to increase the popularity of the destination. The thesis analyses the characteristics of the whole decision process of allocation a congress or a conference. Moreover, the activity of congress or conference organizers and destination organizations is described as well. The thesis is divided into four chapters. In the first and the second one, the substantial concepts of congress tourism, its organization and subjects are defined and characterized. The second target of this thesis is focused on the analysis of the decision criteria for the choice of the congress destination, the potential of Prague including SWOT analysis and the consequent summarization of impacts and possible innovations for Prague. The given interviews and materials from professionals in this field are the main sources for this thesis. In the end of the thesis, the overall situation in the congress tourism in Prague is evaluated and some suggestions for innovations for congresses or conference organization are proposed.