[pt] Essa dissertação se concentra na sistematização do pensamento de Agostinho em função da controvérsia pelagiana que surgiu logo depois do Sínodo de Cartago, na África, em 411, combinando temas importantíssimos para as tradições cristãs subsequentes. Analisando especificamente a morte do homem, a possibilidade de uma vida sem pecado e o batismo de crianças, que assumem os pontos centrais ao lado da transmissão do pecado original, principal objeto dessa pesquisa. Esse é o conteúdo que norteia a De peccatorum meritis et remissione et baptismo parvulorum que passa a ser o primeiro e um dos mais importantes documentos sobre a questão da graça na História da Igreja. Agostinho se concentra em convencer os seus leitores do perigo que existe, quando o homem menospreza a graça divina, dando mais atenção aos méritos das suas ações, confiando na própria vontade e na própria liberdade enquanto busca construir obras moralmente boas. As consequências dessa primeira sistematização se desenvolvem até os nossos dias, passando por experiências profundas dentro das tradições católicas e protestantes. / [en] This dissertation focuses on the systematization of Augustine s thought in light of the Pelagian controversy that arose shortly after the Synod of Carthage, in Africa, in 411, combining very important themes for subsequent Christian traditions. Specifically analyzing the death of man, the possibility of a sinless life and the baptism of infants, which assume the central points alongside the transmission of original sin, the main object of this research. This is the content that guides De peccatorum meritis et remissione et baptismo parvulorum, which becomes the first and one of the most important documents on the question of grace in the history of the Church. Augustine concentrates on convincing his readers of the danger that exists when man despises divine grace, giving more attention to the merits of his actions, trusting in his own will and in his own freedom as he seeks to build morally good works. The consequences of this first systematization are developed until our days, passing through profound experiences within the Catholic and Protestant traditions.

[pt] A Tese intitulada Felicidade e Teologia: traços para uma reconciliação busca fundamentar o diálogo entre o desejo de felicidade que atravessa o coração humano e a reflexão teológica. Para isto, a partir do advento da modernidade, delimita a construção e a influência do conceito de felicidade na sociedade, verificando suas possíveis implicações na vida do indivíduo contemporâneo e a consequente ruptura com o discurso religioso. Ao analisar a relação constituída entre o cristianismo e o anseio de felicidade, a pesquisa discorre sobre o influxo de uma determinada compreensão antropológica que, fundamentada por uma ótica negativa, determina certo distanciamento do discurso teológico acerca da possibilidade de uma vida feliz e incide na manutenção de uma constante desconfiança diante da realidade humana. No interior deste discurso torna-se perceptível a presença de uma leitura deturpada do pecado original e condicionada por um subterrâneo – e perigoso – dualismo. Para superar este cenário de desconfiança e sedimentar os traços que possibilitem a reconciliação entre a possibilidade de ser feliz e a reflexão teológica, a tese reflete sobre o anúncio do Reino de Deus realizado por Jesus de Nazaré e suas consequências para o pensamento teológico e, por conseguinte, para as relações humanas. Assim, a pesquisa procura demonstrar que o ser humano, constantemente situado sob a égide do infinito, descobre sua felicidade ao assumir os riscos que brotam de uma existência relacional, solidária e fecunda. / [en] The dissertation entitled Happiness and Theology: traces for reconciliation seeks to justify the dialogue between theology and the desire for happiness that pierces human hearts. To do so, the research delimits, from the advent of modernity, the construction and influence of the concept of happiness in our society, verifying its possible implications in the life of the contemporary individual and the consequent rupture with religious discourse. Analyzing the relationship established between Christianity and the desire for happiness, the research discusses the influence of a certain anthropological understanding that, based on a negative perspective, determines a certain distance from the theological discourse about the possibility of a happy life and focuses on the maintenance of constant mistrust in the face of human reality. Within this discourse, the presence of an original sin interpretation that is distorted and conditioned by an underground - and dangerous - dualism becomes perceptible. To overcome this scenario of mistrust and to consolidate the traits that enable the reconciliation between the possibility of being happy and theological reflection, the dissertation reflects on the announcement of the Kingdom of God carried out by Jesus of Nazareth and its consequences for theological thought and, therefore, for human relations. Thus, the research seeks to demonstrate that the human being, constantly situated under the aegis of the infinite, discovers his/her happiness by taking the risks that arise from a relational, solidary, and fruitful existence.

[pt] Esta pesquisa analisa a possível alusão a Gn 3,7 (LXX) na expressão abriram-se os seus olhos, utilizada por Lucas em Lc 24,31, no episódio dos discípulos de Emaús. A partir dessa referência, o texto lucano desponta como um epílogo ao relato da queda original: no Éden os olhos de Adão e Eva se abriram de modo impróprio, e por sua desobediência constataram sua nudez; em Emaús, ao contrário, os olhos dos discípulos se abriram da maneira certa, e reconheceram o Senhor ressuscitado. Destaca-se a semelhança entre o estado de desânimo dos primeiros pais, ao fim do relato da queda, e dos discípulos de Emaús no início do episódio. Ressalta-se também a importância da iniciativa dos discípulos de convidar Jesus a permanecer, não apenas pela hospitalidade, mas a fim de desfazer a esquiva dos primeiros pais, que se esconderam de Deus em razão de seu pecado. Por fim, a referida aproximação reforça a teoria de que a companhia de Cléofas fosse sua própria esposa, formando um casal. / [en] This research seeks to analyze the possible allusion to Gen 3,7 (LXX) in the expression their eyes were opened, used by Luke in Lk 24,31, in the episode of the disciples of Emmaus. Based on this reference, the Lucan text emerges as an epilogue to the account of the original fall: in Eden the eyes of Adam and Eve were improperly opened, and due to their disobedience they found their nakedness; in Emmaus, on the contrary, the disciples eyes were opened in the right way, and they recognized the risen Lord. The similarity between the state of dismay of the first parents, at the end of the account of the fall, and that of the disciples of Emmaus at the beginning of the episode stands out. The importance of the disciples initiative to invite Jesus to stay is also highlighted, not only for hospitality, but in order to undo the dodge of the first parents, who hid from God because of their sin. Finally, the aforementioned approximation reinforces the theory that Clophas company was his own wife, forming a couple.

The Christian doctrine of original sin has ever since the Reformation been a central part of Lutheran theological understandings of human beings. Therefore it is of vital importance to see how this doctrine can be understood in a plausible way, with regards to contemporary society, 500 years after Luther is said to have nailed his 95 thesis to the door of the church in Wittenberg. The present study explores what contemporary issues different interpretations of the doctrine must interact with, and suggest a way of evaluating the plausibility and Lutheran identity of such interpretations. Two expositions of the doctrine of original sin published by Lutheran theologians in the 2010s are then evaluated: Utanför paradiset by Eva-Lotta Grantén (ethicist, Uppsala) and In Adam’s Fall by Ian A. McFarland (professor of Divinity, Cambridge). Particularly four aspects of their interpretations are analysed: the relationship to human experience, the integration of contemporary science and culture, the internal coherence and their narrative’s Lutheran authenticity. Even though both interpretations have their flaws, they can largely be seen as both plausible and Lutheran. Grantén gives a wholly existential picture of the original sin, while McFarland tends to see it in ontological terms. In order to avoid the pitfalls in their interpretations, a further developed understanding of the doctrine is proposed, integrating both the ontological and existential aspects.

El objetivo del presente estudio es investigar cómo se traducen al español las expresiones idiomáticas y refranes suecos de la novela Cirkeln, de Mats Strandberg y Sara Bergmark Elfgren. En este estudio analizamos cuantitativa y cualitativamente las ocurrencias de las estrategias que se utilizan para establecer una equivalencia entre los dos idiomas. Partimos de la creencia de que las expresiones idiomáticas son propias de cada lengua y cultura, y por tanto resulta problemático traducirlas. Se plantea la hipótesis de que la traductora habrá adaptado la traducción a los destinatarios usando expresiones explicativas para sustituir las frases fijas. A través de los datos obtenidos podemos concluir que la mayoría de las expresiones idiomáticas suecas halladas en la novela tienen una equivalencia en español, y podemos constatar que, aunque son dos lenguas distintas, existe cierto grado de semejanza entre el sueco y el español.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Two kinds of differential GPS (DGPS) technology on position differential GPS and pseudo-range differential GPS are studied and compared in this paper. Positioning tests by single GPS receiver, position DGPS and pseudo-range DGPS systems based on GPSOEM board are done. Experiment result indicates that position error is about 30 - 100 meters on single GPS receiver and position error is reduced to 3 - 10 meters on DGPS. Furthermore, Developed DGPS system which is based on GPS-OEM has the advantages of low cost, utility and flexibility, etc.

<p>Uppsatsen är en historiografi om konstförfalskning. Texten har fokus på målningar och teckningar.</p><p>I uppsatsen visas två skilda synsätt på fenomenet förfalskad konst, dels förfalskares, dels deras kritikers. I uppsatsen får förfalskarna presentera sina motiv för varför de förfalskar, i den delen kommer fram en önskan om försörjning men även en uppenbar stolthet över att lyckas göra konstverk som uppfattas gjorda av namnkunniga konstnärer från tidigare epoker. I många fall visar de en uppenbar kärlek till fin konst, samtidigt som de är väl medvetna om skillnaden mellan det äkta och det falska. Deras avslöjare är kritiska till verksamheten. Forskare och konstexperter tar avstånd från fenomenet, men inom museivärlden finns en uppfattning att där kan finnas lärdomar att hämta även ur förfalskad konst, om den diskuteras på rätt sätt.</p>

近年來，台灣許多採用OEM模式的中小企業，都尋求透過電子商務的幫助，往自有品牌的經營模式發展。並且，從許多公司都積極建立自己的公司網站，就不難看出，公司紛紛將資源投入在電子商務能力的發展中。 學術上，對於電子商務對中小企業的幫助，多有討論。有些學者認為，電子商務由於能夠降低公司與客戶的溝通成本，並且不受時空的限制，因此是中小企業追上大型競爭對手的絕佳機會。然而也有些學者認為，電子商務由於資訊更加透明，會加劇競爭，因此對於中小企業並不一定有利。除此之外，過去對於電子商務的研究，多集中在對於公司的利潤、成本管控、存貨管控或是顧客忠誠度的建立之上，少有對於自有品牌建立方面的研究。 因此，本研究目的主要希望透過量化實證研究的方式，分析公司電子商務能力，與自有品牌績效之間的關係，並且同時希望能夠探討，在何種情況之下，電子商務對於自有品牌的建立會有更大的幫助。 本研究結果發現，公司的電子商務能力，與自有品牌的績效存在著正向的關係。同時，公司的顧客導向，對於上述的關係，會產生正向的干擾。並且，傳統產業的公司，在使用電子商務建立自有品牌上，有較好的效果。 / In recent years, many OEM SMEs in Taiwan are striving to build their own brand through E-commerce. The fact that lots of these firms are building their own website, shows that they are engaging a huge amount of company resources in developing their E-commerce capability. In previous literatures, scholars have argued about whether E-commerce is a chance to SMEs. On the one hand, some proposed that E-commerce reduce the communication cost between firms and their customers, so it is a chance for SMEs to match up with their big competitors. On the other hand, however, some also concerned that E-commerce will make the competition more severe through providing information transparency, and thus E-commerce may not be that promising for SMEs. Previous studies on E-commerce focus mostly on its effect on profit generating, cost reducing, inventory managing and customer loyalty building for the firm. Researches on the effect of E-commerce to help building own brand manufacturing business model are still limited. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between E-commerce capability, and own brand building performance through an empirical analysis. And also, try to identify the factors that modify this relationship. Our result shows that, a positive relationship exists between E-commerce capability of a firm and its own brand performance. Also, customer orientation of a firm positively modifies this relationship. Finally, E-commerce contribute more to own brand building in traditional manufacturing industry than in high-tech manufacturing industry.

This thesis contains four stories of fantasy and science fiction. Four story lengths are represented: the short short ("Dragon Lovers"), the shorter short story ("Homecoming"), the longer short story ("Shadow Mistress"), and the novel ("Sword of Albruch," excerpted here).

Poems contains fifty-two poems and an afterword that explains some of the ideas that prompted the poems as well as some information about the poetic techniques and allusions. Their primary purpose is to communicate the experiences of a woman living in a patriarchal society, which contemporary American society certainly is. The poems expose how a young woman fits into such a society as a human being and an artist . They stress the need for women writers to play ever-increasing roles in society.