Biodiversity loss caused by human activities is considered to be one of the greatest challenges to the stability of our planet. Protected areas emerged as a solution to this challenge, but they are not always successful due to the exclusion and displacement of local communities that live in proximity to the protected area, especially in low income countries. The Maasai Mara conservancy model presents an opportunity to mitigate these problems by increasing wildlife habitat and simultaneously improving the livelihoods of surrounding Maasai communities. However, the model is threatened by the Covid-19 pandemic which has suspended the international tourism on which the conservancies rely. In order to understand how the model can potentially increase its resilience to future global shocks, I interviewed stakeholders about their experiences within the model, during the pandemic and relating to past global shocks. Using the concept of environmentality, I sought to evaluate the structure of the model, its historical roots and the governance tools which enable its function. Some already existing issues were emphasised by the impact of the pandemic, while new opportunities for evolution were also unearthed. The most prominent theme arising from these conversations was that of equity - between tourism partners and landowners, relating to the rights of women and to the place of Maasai youth in the future of the model. The colonial history of wildlife conservation also created discussions around the exclusion of local tourists and the underlying biases that may exist. Finally, I attempt to understand how the governance enacted within the conservancy model creates different kinds of environmental subjects. Although previous discussions on environmental governance have assumed that regulation is successful, I illustrate here that power is not unidirectional because resistance and negotiation by the governed population is common. By interrogating the different layers of environmentality and how they interplay, I trace the creation new environmental subjectivities in those who are involved in the conservation of wildlife in the Maasai Mara.

The risks for Swedish citizens' health increased when the COVID-19 pandemic came to the country and the risk communication started. Risk communication entails attempts to change perceptions, beliefs, attitudes, feelings or behavior according to Breakwell (2014, p.144). Sweden has adopted a different strategy to deal with the pandemic in relation to other Nordic countries. In this thesis we have chosen to look at a vulnerable group, Swedish young adults in age 20 to 30 year olds because they are the one of the most active citizens during the pandemic. This thesis is conducted using a qualitative method and collects empirical data from semi-structured interviews of Swedish young adults. The theoretical concept is centred on risk communication, risk society and decisions-making. Based on research evidence, It is a mixed outcome how young adults choose to deal with the restrictions, some follow them closely and some of them still live a social life as before the pandemic. The study concluded that young adult’s behavioral changes played an important role in society

As the pandemic of COVID-19 is still affecting peoples’ lives in various ways, it is not surprising that it affects consumer behaviour as well. This paper focuses on the changes in consumer behaviour, more specifically on the changes in consumer shopping channel preferences due to the pandemic. Furthermore, it was of interest whether these changes are likely to be long-term, and influence consumer shopping behaviour in the corona-free future. To answer the research question: “How did the pandemic affect consumers’ preferred shopping channels, and are those changes long-term?” a qualitative study was conducted. The study consisted of ten interviews, five of which were with consumers who spent most of the pandemic in Sweden, and five with respondents who spent most of the pandemic in Slovakia. This way, the study compares the responses and thus changes in consumer shopping behaviour and channel preferences of consumers who have experienced different levels of restrictions and recommendations as a response to the pandemic. Indeed, Slovakia’s response to the corona pandemic was much more severe and included much more, longer-lasting, restrictions affecting/restricting consumer shopping.   The study showed that despite the countries adopting very different responses to the pandemic, the consumers changed their shopping behaviour in a rather similar way. Most of the respondents stated that they started shopping less due to the pandemic and that they shopped more online. The main reasons for these developments were (1) reduced need for new clothing during the corona pandemic, (2) stores being closed, and/or (3) consumers trying to reduce their contact with others and keep their distance. However, when asked whether these changes in their behaviour are going to persist into the far future, the responses differed. A portion of respondents stated they will continue to shop online more than prior to the pandemic, while still shopping in traditional, offline, stores as well. Some other respondents, however, stated that they will return to in-store shopping as soon as possible. From these findings, it is clear that shopping for clothes via offline channels will still be important and preferred by many, despite the rise of technologies and online shopping possibilities.   The study contributes to the literature on the corona pandemic and its effects on consumer behaviour, the field of consumer behaviour in general, consumer shopping channel preferences, channel switching intentions, omnichannel literature, and the online shopping literature.

The aim of this study was to explore how homecare services work to support the elderly people during the COVID-19 pandemic in Gävle, Sweden. This study has been done by using qualitative methods to get a deeper understanding and knowledge about how homecare services are supporting elderly people at their homes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, to collect the data for this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with four participants who have been working with homecare services. Empowerment theory has been chosen to explain and analyse how elderly people receive the support from the homecare services to continue their daily life during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the result the data that was collected for this study was arranged in two different themes: Support Strategy and Challenges. The results showed that the homecare services continue to provide the support and services to the elderly even in the time of pandemic. The finding also shows the different strategies that Homecare services apply to cope with challenges that they face while supporting their client as well as their workers during the time of Pandemic.

This thesis aims to address the research gap in the ENGO literature of how the present Covid-19 pandemic has influenced ENGOs operations. Further, it seeks to explore whether these changes are experienced as an opportunity or a challenge. Additionally, the thesis explores what lessons have emerged during the Covid-19 pandemic, in relation to ENGOs operations. A qualitative case study methodology is chosen. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and secondary sources. The findings present how ENGOs operations have been influenced, which mainly includes the shift of activities from physical to virtual platforms. Moreover, the different opportunities and challenges are discussed. The findings indicate that virtual interactions are not always equivalent to physical. Finally, the lessons: striving for agreen recovery, opportunities of virtual work, the importance of resilience and the link between health of the people and the health of the ecosystems are discussed.

Background: The retail sector is rapidly developing over the past years. Retailers are investing more efforts and resources to provide a seamless experience through multiple channels. These developments led to significant changes in customer behaviour. Customers buying activities and way of selecting the products and retailers faced different changes and developments. The online retailing sector is entitled to continuous development. The latest development was due to the Covid-19 global pandemic that came without any previous notice. The customer behaviour starts adopting the digital online channels in most of their needs and wants. The appearance of new customer behaviour patterns due to Covid-19 lead to the emergence of new customer behaviour.Purpose: This study is of an exploratory and constructive nature. It is concerned with deepening the knowledge about the change in customer buying behaviour brought by Covid-19 on the retailing sector. The aim of the study is to identify and test new behavioural patterns that would influence the Swedish millennials’ in selecting between online and offline stores for shopping and buying fashion products.Method: An abductive approach was followed in this paper. Mixed methods of both qualitative and quantitative were used to fulfil the purpose of this exploratory research. The research followed a sequential exploratory design of two data collection phases. Theiiempirical data was conducted from (4) focus groups sessions with a total number of (20) interviewee, and (94) relevant responses from a web-based survey.Conclusion: The study has revealed two significant findings and contributed to propose a conceptual model. The fruitful results of this study are: (1) there is a vast customers’ migration towards online stores. (2) there are new behavioural patterns related to Covid-19 that are influencing the customer buying behaviour. (3) A proposed conceptual model which is concerned with the factors influencing the customer buying behaviour in selecting between online and offline fashion stores.

Architecture is known to gather people and encourage shared spaces in our buildings and homes, while the Corona virus, aka COVID-19 has refrained us from our usual face to face communication and meetups. For some, work and social life has been reduced and limited to a screen, virtual meetings for studies, work, social events and so forth. Architecture has its impact on us more than ever before. It can and should provide us safety, infection control and prevention from getting sick. The materials we choose to design our home with is also crucial in a pandemic situation as we should be looking for disinfectant material properties. Copper have been shown to perform better than other common materials like steel, plastic, and wood. Air circulation and ventilation in inner spaces will also have stricter requirements where the air should be changed every hour and checking the air quality – that could be improved with the ratio of greenery and open spaces. Designing a home that can stimulate the productivity, flexibility, comfort, happiness, and health in its dwellers is the ultimate goal for this study. The target audience for the thesis are architects, interior designers and laymen who are interested in this field or those that are seeking a design which promotes healthy, safe and adequate living spaces and homes. The methods used in this study where both quantitative and qualitative methods through an international online survey as well as conducting local interviews with residential buildings’ dwellers in Berlin. On one hand, poor design can lead to both higher expenses in the long term as well as leading to bad physical and mental health, which is felt through the responses from both the survey and interviews. The biophilic design on the other hand, can have a huge positive impact on the dwellers both physically and mentally and should be tested and used more as a solid base for designing interior spaces.

The covid-19 pandemic has hit every part of life hard. From visiting the supermarket to halting world trade. One of the most obvious effects of the pandemic has been the political one. All across the world political parties have been competing for power during these unusual times.  This paper will analyze whether populistic parties around Europe have changed their views on the covid-19 pandemic restrictions. In order to analyze this a comparative idea analysis will be used in order to compare and analyze political parties views on this subject. In order to conduct this analysis the studie compare four different populistic parties around europé. These parties are as followed, AFD and Die Linke in germany, PVV in the Netherlands followed by Syriza in Greece. The study will be using material from the four different parties to conduct the analysis and compare the material. The analysis shows that only one out of four parties has had a change in their views on the pandemic restrictions. This study is an important contribution the field of populism. It will grant a unique opportunity to study such a unique time of our the world that the covid-19 pandemis really is.

Bakgrund: Covid-19 upptäcktes i Kina i slutet av 2019. Symtomen karaktäriseras av en luftvägsinfektion, men symtomen kan variera. Viruset spreds snabbt, vilket ledde till att sjuksköterskornas risk för att smittas av viruset ökade. Att studera sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter är relevant inför kommande pandemier. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med Covid-19. Metod: En litteraturstudie med induktiv design baserad på åtta kvalitativa empiriska vetenskapliga artiklar från databaserna Cinahl, PubMed och Scopus. Resultat: Innehållsanalysen resulterade i fem kategorier med totalt nio subkategorier. Dessa kategorier är Brister, Arbetsförhållanden, Sjuksköterskan och samhället, Försämrad psykisk hälsa och Positiva erfarenheter. Konklusion: Med utbildningar inom akutvård skulle vården bli mer säker och belastningen för de mer erfarna sjuksköterskorna skulle minska. Arbetsgivaren kan bygga upp ett lager med skyddsutrustning inför kommande pandemier och erbjuda psykosocialt stöd till sjuksköterskorna som vårdar patienter med Covid-19. Vidare forskning som kan genomföras är till exempel att undersöka sjuksköterskornas, som vårdat patienter med Covid-19, psykiska hälsa efter att pandemin är slut för att se hur den långsiktigt påverkat deras psykiska hälsa. / Background: Covid-19 was detected in China at the end of 2019. Symptoms are characterized by a respiratory infection, but symptoms may vary. The virus spread rapidly, which led to an increase in nurses' risk of contracting the virus. Studying the nurses´experiences is relevant for future pandemics. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate registered nurses´experiences of caring for patients with Covid-19. Methods: A literature review based on eight qualitative empirical scientific articles retrieved from the databases Cinahl, PubMed and Scopus. Results: The content analysis resulted in five categories with a total of nine subcategories. These categories are Insufficiency, Working conditions, The nurse and society, Deteriorated psychologial health and Positive experiences. Conclusion: With training in emergency care, the given care would be more secure and the burden on the more experienced nurses would be reduced. The employer can build up a supply of protective equipment for upcoming pandemics and offer psychosocial support to nurses who take care of patients with Covid-19. Further research that can be carried out is, for example, to examine the mental health of nurses who have cared for patients with Covid-19 after the end of the pandemic to see how it has affected their mental health in the long term.

This essay examines high school principals experienced autonomy and control during the COVID19-pandemic 2020 – 2021. During the pandemic, the Swedish government chose a different path than other countries regarding for example public restrictions and the possibility for preschools and elementary schools to remain open. High schools, on the other hand, were forced to have distance learning during parts of the COVID19-pandemic. The high school principals’ experienced autonomy and control are examined trough a theory about domains in which autonomy can be experienced. These domains are educational domain, social domain, developmental domain and administrative domain. Six high school principals were interviewed using a semi-structured interview method and the material from these interviews was coded based on the four domains’ keywords. The results from this survey show that before the pandemic the principals felt that they had high autonomy in all domains. At the same time, their perceived control was high, something they largely viewed as positive. However, during the COVID19-pandemic all but one of the principals found that their autonomy had diminished. Also, control decreased in all domains except the administrative one. In the administrative domain the control increased, both in terms of implementation and number of controllers. Parts of this control were perceived as positive but not all. The conclusion of this essay is, that when a society experiences a major crisis such as the COVID19-pandemic, the control and supervision of principals’ work increase and their experienced autonomy decreases.