Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-06-09T18:00:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rebeca Freitas Vasconcelos - 2014.pdf: 2286500 bytes, checksum: 175252a3e36474a01ded5d6943e2492f (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-06-10T12:34:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rebeca Freitas Vasconcelos - 2014.pdf: 2286500 bytes, checksum: 175252a3e36474a01ded5d6943e2492f (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-10T12:34:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rebeca Freitas Vasconcelos - 2014.pdf: 2286500 bytes, checksum: 175252a3e36474a01ded5d6943e2492f (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work presents the application of optimization techniques for the design of hollow core slabs and beams with precast and prestressed straight cable, considering the calculation of both the immediate losses as the time-dependent. For the slabs formulation allows the designer to obtain the optimal dimensions of the height of the panel, the diameters of the cables and the alveoli, and the number of cables. The beams are obtained beam height, diameter and the number of cables. Are still subject to the conditions of service for bending stresses, constructive limitations and failure conditions. Illustrative examples are presented using the Branch and Bound algorithm and Lingo (PLS), further comparison is made between the weight and the cost of the panel, and from the results of the algorithm and sizing Munte tables that follow Brazilian standards. We conclude that the optimal design has many advantages compared to conventional design, methods of discrete variation that best characterize the optimal variables of the problem, restrictions on the normal stresses ELS are crucial in obtaining the optimal dimensions of the structures and lower panels weight does not necessarily represent the lowest cost. / Este trabalho apresenta a aplicação de técnicas de otimização para o dimensionamento de lajes alveolares e vigas com cabo reto pré-moldadas e protendidas, considerando o cálculo tanto das perdas imediatas quanto das dependentes do tempo. Para as lajes, a formulação permite que o projetista obtenha as dimensões ótimas da altura do painel, dos diâmetros dos alvéolos e dos cabos, e do número de cabos. Nas vigas, são obtidas a altura da viga, o diâmetro e o número dos cabos. São, ainda, observadas as condições de serviço para esforços de flexão, limitações construtivas e condições de falha. Exemplos ilustrativos são apresentados usando o algoritmo de Branch and Bounde o Lingo(PLS). São feitos, ainda, comparativos entre o peso e o custo do painel e entre os resultados obtidos pelo algoritmo e tabelas de dimensionamento encontradas na literatura que seguem normas brasileiras. Conclui-se que o projeto ótimo apresenta inúmeras vantagens se comparado ao projeto convencional, que os métodos de variação discreta caracterizam melhor as variáveis ótimas do problema, que as restrições relativas às tensões normais do ELS são determinantes na obtenção das dimensões ótimas das estruturas e que painéis de menor peso não necessariamente representam o menor custo.

D'un point de vue énergétique, les robots marcheurs sont moins performants que les humains. Face à ce défi, cette thèse propose une approche pour contrôler et optimiser les allures de marche des robots bipèdes à la fois en 2D et 3D en considérant les fréquences propres du robot et par ajout de ressorts. L'étude porte essentiellement sur un robot bipède 2D à 5 corps et des pieds ponctuels ainsi qu'un robot bipède 3D à 8 corps avec des pieds sans masse à contact linéique. La commande en boucle fermée considérée est basée sur la méthode des contraintes virtuelles et la linéarisation par retour d'état. Suite à des études précédentes, la stabilité du robot bipède 2D est vérifiée par une section de Poincaré unidimensionnelle et étendue au robot bipède 3D à contact linéique avec le sol. L'optimisation est effectuée en utilisant la programmation quadratique séquentielle. Les paramètres optimisés incluent des coefficients de polynômes de Bézier et des paramètres posturaux. Des contraintes d'optimisation sont imposées pour assurer la validité de l'allure de marche. Pour le robot bipède 2D, deux configurations différentes de ressorts placés aux hanches sont étudiées. Ces deux configurations ont permis de réduire le coût énergétique. Pour le robot bipède 3D, les paramètres d'optimisation sont séparés en deux parties : ceux décrivant le mouvement dans le plan sagittal et ceux du plan frontal. Les résultats de l'optimisation montrent que ces deux types de paramètres doivent être optimisés. Ensuite, des ressorts sont ajoutés respectivement par rapport au plan sagittal, par rapport au plan frontal puis dans les deux plans. Les résultats montrent que l'ajout des ressorts dans le plan sagittal permet de réduire significativement le coût énergétique et que l'association de ressorts dans le plan frontal améliore encore plus la consommation d'énergie. / From an energy standpoint, walking robots are less efficient than humans. In facing this challenge, this study aims to provide an approach for controlling and optimizing the gaits of both 2D and 3D bipedal robots with consideration for exploiting natural dynamics and elastic couplings. A 5-link 2D biped with point feet and an 8-link 3D biped with massless line feet are studied. The control method is based on virtual constraints and feedback linearization. Following previous studies, the stability of the 2D biped is verified by computing scalar Poincaré map in closed form, and now this method also applies to the 3D biped because of its line-foot configuration. The optimization is performed using sequential quadratic programming. The optimization parameters include postural parameters and Bézier coefficients, and the optimization constraints are used to ensure gait validity. For the 2D biped, two different configurations of hip joint springs are investigated and both configurations successfully reduce the energy cost. For the 3D biped, the optimization parameters are further divided into sagittal parameters and coronal parameters, and the optimization results indicate that both these parameters should be optimized. After that, hip joint springs are added respectively to the sagittal plane, the coronal plane and both these planes. The results demonstrate that the elastic couplings in the sagittal plane should be considered first and that the additional couplings in the coronal plane reduce the energy cost even further.

Presented diploma thesis deals with parametric optimization of wing caisson of L 410 NG aircraft to reduce its‘structure weight. The paper is mainly focused on description and application of optimization methods with the use of finite element methods in MSC Nastran. Moreover the thesis contains loading state check of optimized design, done in STAUNO software.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / In a multifidelity structural design process, depending on the required analysis, different levels of structural models are needed. Within the aerospace design, analysis and optimization community, there is an increasing demand for automatic generation of parametric feature tree (build recipe) attributed multidisciplinary models. Currently, this is mainly done by creating separate models for different disciplines such as mid-surface model for aeroelasticity, outer-mold line for aerodynamics and CFD, and built-up element model for structural analysis. Since all of these models are built independently, any changes in design parameters require updates on all the models which is inefficient, time-consuming and prone to deficiencies. In this research, Engineering Sketch Pad (ESP) is used to create attribution and maintain consistency between structural models with different fidelity levels. It provides the user with the ability to interact with a configuration by building and/or modifying the design parameters and feature tree that define the configuration. ESP is based an open-source constructive solid modeler, named OpenCSM, which is built upon the OpenCASCADE geometry kernel and the EGADS geometry generation system. The use of OpenCSM as part of the AFRL’s CAPS project on Computational Aircraft Prototype Syntheses for automatic commercial and fighter jet models is demonstrated. The rapid generation of parametric aircraft structural models proposed and developed in this work will benefit the aerospace industry with coming up with efficient, fast and robust multidisciplinary design standardization of aircraft structures. Metallic aircraft wings are usually not optimized to their fullest potential due to shortage of development time. With roughly \$1000 worth of potential fuel savings per pound of weight reduction over the operational life of an aircraft, airlines are trying to minimize the weight of aircraft structures. A stiffness based strategy is used to map the nodal data of the lower-order fidelity structural models onto the higher-order ones. A simple multi-fidelity analysis process for a parametric wing is used to demonstrate the advantage of the approach. The loads on the wing are applied from a stick model as is done in the industry. C program is created to connect the parametric design software ESP, analysis software Nastran, load file and design configuration file in CSV format. This problem gets compounded when it comes to optimization of composite wings. In this study, a multi-level optimization strategy to optimize the weight of a composite transport aircraft wing is proposed. The part is assumed to initially have some arbitrary number of composite super plies. Super plies are a concept consisting of a set of plies all arranged in the same direction. The thickness and orientation angles of the super plies are optimized. Then, each ply undergoes topometry optimization to obtain the areas of each super ply taking the least load so that it could be cut and removed. Each of the super plies are then optimized for the thickness and orientation angles of the sub plies. The work presented on this paper is part of a project done for Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) connecting the parametric geometry modeler (ESP) with the finite element solver (Nastran).

[pt] Imprescindível para quaisquer aplicações de visão computacional ou realidade aumentada, a calibração de câmera é o processo no qual se obtém os parâmetros intrínsecos e extrínsecos da câmera, tais como distância focal, ponto principal e valores que mensuram a distorção ótica da lente. Atualmente o método mais utilizado para calibrar uma câmera envolve o uso de imagens de um padrão planar em diferentes perspectivas, a partir das quais se extrai pontos de controle para montar um sistema de equações lineares cuja solução representa os parâmetros da câmera, que são otimizados com base no erro de reprojeção 2D. Neste trabalho, foi escolhido o padrão de calibração aneliforme por oferecer maior precisão na detecção dos pontos de controle. Ao aplicarmos técnicas como transformação frontal-paralela, refinamento iterativo dos pontos de controle e segmentação adaptativa de elipses, nossa abordagem apresentou melhoria no resultado do processo de calibração. Além disso, propomos estender o modelo de otimização ao redefinir a função objetivo, considerando não somente o erro de reprojeção 2D, mas também o erro de colinearidade 2D. / [en] Crucial for any computer vision or augmented reality application, the camera calibration is the process in which one gets the intrinsics and the extrinsics parameters of a camera, such as focal length, principal point and distortions values. Nowadays, the most used method to deploy the calibration comprises the use of images of a planar pattern in different perspectives, in order to extract control points to set up a system of linear equations whose solution represents the camera parameters, followed by an optimization based on the 2D reprojection error. In this work, the ring calibration pattern was chosen because it offers higher accuracy on the detection of control points. Upon application of techniques such as fronto-parallel transformation, iterative refinement of the control points and adaptative segmentation of ellipses, our approach has reached improvements in the result of the calibration process. Furthermore, we proposed extend the optimization model by modifying the objective function, regarding not only the 2D reprojection error but also the 2D collinearity error.

Im Mittelpunkt unserer Untersuchungen steht das mehrkriterielle Optimierungsproblem, in einer beliebigen nichtleeren Menge eines halbgeordneten endlich dimensionalen Raumes. Zu dessen Lösung betrachten wir ein Dialogverfahren, in dem der Entscheidungsträger in jedem Schritt seine Wünsche äußert. Bei der Bestimmung einer Lösung, die den Entscheidungsträger zufriedenstellt, müssen wir ein im Allgemeinen nichtkonvexes und nicht triviales skalares Optimierungsproblem lösen. Zur Lösung dieses Problems haben wir zwei Klassen einparametrischer Optimierungsprobleme (Einbettungen) konstruiert. Mit Hilfe der Projektion auf den konvexen Ordungskegel haben wir gezeigt, dass diese Einbettungen wohldefiniert sind. Im Gegensatz zu der in der Literatur untersuchten Standardeinbettung, sind die in dieser Arbeit betrachteten Einbettungen durch die Skalarisierungen der Vektoroptimierungsprobleme mittels streng monotoner skalarisierender Funktionen motiviert. Diese Untersuchung wird unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Theorie der einparametrischen Optimierungsprobleme für den Fall eines beliebigen spitzen polyedrischen Ordnungskegels durchgeführt. Sie umfasst z.B. Fragestellungen nach der Art der Singularitäten, die für die verschiedenen Einbettungen auftreten können, nach den Bedingungen, unter denen eine Zusammenhangskomponente in der Menge stationärer oder verallgemeinerter kritischer Punkte mit Hilfe von Kurvenverfolgungsmethoden numerisch beschrieben werden kann und nach den hinreichenden Bedingungen für die Existenz einer Lösungskurve. Anschließend haben wir das von Guddat und Jongen eingeführte Konzept der strukturellen Stabilität eines skalaren Optimierungsproblems in der Vektoroptimierung verallgemeinert und einen Zusammenhang zur strukturellen Stabilität eines Minimaxproblems erstellt. Dieses Minimaxproblem steht in starker Beziehung zur Skalarisierungsmethode der Vektoroptimierungsprobleme. / In this work we consider the multiobjective optimization in a subset of a partially orded finite dimensional space. In order to solve this problem we use a dialogue procedure in which the decision maker has to determine in each step the aspiration and reservation level expressing his wishes (goals). This leads to an optimization problem which is not easy to solve in the nonconvex case. We solve it proposing two classes of one-parametric optimization problems (embeddings). Using the projection in the ordering cone, we show that these embeddings are well defined, i.e. the corresponding constraint sets depending on real-valued parameters are not empty. Contrary to the very known standard embedding the proposed embeddings are motivated by the use of strongly monotonically increasing functions, which play an important role by the scalarization of multiobjective optimization problems. The two classes of embeddings are investigated from the point of view of parametric optimization considering a pointed polyhedral cone. This investigation includes the determination of the kind of singularities which can appear, the conditions under which a connected component in the set of stationary or generalized critical point can be numerically described using pathfollowing methods and a solution curve may exist. Finally, we extend the concept of structural stability by Guddat and Jongen to the multiobjective optimization problems and establish a connection to the problem of Minimax type, which is related to the scalarization of multiobjective optimization problems.

Les exigences de productivité et de qualité dans l’industrie aéronautique imposent d’avoir des machines-outils optimisées en termes de précision, de cinématique et de dynamique. L’objectif des travaux de recherche menés est de proposer de nouvelles méthodologies de conception de machines-outils à haute rigidité pour l’usinage des pièces aéronautique en titane. Dans un premiers temps, la problématique du choix de la configuration structurale la plus adéquate au procédé d’usinage envisagé est traitée en proposant une méthode de synthèse et de sélection basée sur des critères qualitatifs. L’analyse des performances des différentes configurations structurales relatives aux critères qualitatifs adoptés permet de les classer. Les résultats obtenus ont permis d’aboutir à un ensemble restreint de configurations structurales de machines-outils adéquates au procédé d’usinage des pièces aéronautiques en titane. Pour compléter cette méthode, il est alors nécessaire de développer une approche d’analyse quantitative des arrangements structuraux relatifs à chaque configuration structurale. Dans un second temps, une nouvelle approche de sélection des arrangements structuraux de machines-outils est développée. Cette approche consiste tout d’abord à élaborer des modèles réduits des structures de machines-outils considérées. Ensuite, nous mettons en œuvre une optimisation paramétrique en vue de minimiser la masse totale des structures mécaniques de ces machines tout en respectant une contrainte de rigidité cible. Cette optimisation est réalisée par un couplage entre MATLAB et ANSYS APDL. Enfin, le classement des arrangements structuraux selon leurs performances met en évidence ceux les plus appropriés au procédé d’usinage des pièces aéronautiques en titane. Alors ces travaux participent à l'évolution des méthodologies de conception des nouvelles machines d'usinage. / Productivity and quality requirements in the aerospace industry require optimized machine tools in terms of precision, kinematics and dynamics. The objective of this thesis is to propose new methodologies for the design of highly stiffened machine tools for machining titanium aeronautical parts. First, the issue of choosing the most appropriate structural configuration for the machining process is handled by proposing a synthesis and selection method based on qualitative criteria. The performance analysis of the different structural configurations relative to the adopted qualitative criteria makes it possible to classify them. The results obtained have led to a limited set of structural configurations of machine tools suitable for the process of machining titanium aeronautical parts. To complete this method, it is then necessary to develop an approach for quantitative analysis of the structural arrangements corresponding for each structural configuration. In a second step, a new approach for the selection of structural arrangements of machine tools is developed. This approach consists firstly in developing reduced models of considered machine tool structures. Then, we implement a parametric optimization in order to minimize the total mass of the mechanical structures of these machines while under the constraint of a target stiffness. This optimization is achieved by coupling MATLAB and ANSYS APDL. Finally, the classification of structural arrangements according to their performance highlights those most appropriate for the process of machining titanium aeronautical parts. This work contributes to the evolution of design methodologies for new machining machines.

This dissertation investigates and introduces novel algorithms, theories, and supporting frameworks to significantly improve the growing problem of Internet security. A distributed firewall and active response architecture is introduced that enables any device within a cyber environment to participate in the active discovery and response of cyber attacks. A theory of semantic association systems is developed for the general problem of knowledge discovery in data. The theory of semantic association systems forms the basis of a novel semantic path merger packet classification algorithm. The theoretical aspects of the semantic path merger packet classification algorithm are investigated, and the algorithm's hardware-based implementation is evaluated along with comparative analysis versus content addressable memory. Experimental results show that the hardware implementation of the semantic path merger algorithm significantly outperforms content addressable memory in terms of energy consumption and operational timing.

Předložená disertační práce se zabývá popisem charakteru optimální strategie řízení pro elektrický vlak a výpočtem přepínacích okamžiků mezi jednotlivými optimálními jízdními režimy pro standardní typy odporové funkce. S využitím Pontrjaginova principu a souvisejících nástrojů teorie optimálního řízení odvodíme optimální strategii řízení a rovnice pro výpočet přepínacích okamžiků včetně odpovídajících rychlostních profilů. Kromě základního tvaru úlohy o energeticky optimální jízdě vlaku budeme uvažovat i její modifikace zahrnující globální rychlostní omezení, sklon trati i časově-energeticky optimální řízení vlaku. Navíc uvedeme i analýzu řešení s využitím teorie nelineární parametrické optimalizace. Důraz je kladen na exaktní tvar řešení s minimálním využitím numerických metod.

<p>This work investigated the effects of varying the crystal sizes of ammonium perchlorate (AP) when embedded with a polymeric binder, hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) on impact-induced temperature behavior.  AP and HTPB are the most used oxidizers and fuel binders in the aerospace solid rocket design industry. In this study, samples of 200 µm and 400µm coarse AP crystals in HTPB were constructed using a conventional hand-mixing method. Using a parametric optimization technique such as the Taguchi method, direct-ink-writing as the additive manufacturing process was used for achieving the required shape fidelity in printing HTPB and by introducing ultraviolet polymers to decrease the curing time.</p> <p>A drop hammer experiment in conjunction with an infrared camera was used to study the impact-induced behavior in the conventionally made AP-HTPB samples. The thermal images obtained from the camera at millisecond resolution are invaluable and provide information about distribution across the sample surface, and the evolution of temperature rise observed in the samples which are complex and not easily understood otherwise and therefore help in improving and attaining desired propellant performance. A two-sample t-Test has been utilized to infer the results and statistical nonsignificance has been observed in the highest temperature rises among 200 µm and 400 µm AP-HTPB sample conditions but a difference in temperature distribution has been observed. A much uniform distribution of temperature over the sample surface on impact is observed in thermal images of 200 µm AP-HTPB sample condition compared to 400 µm AP-HTPB sample condition.</p>