Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:46:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvana Perrella Brito.pdf: 1744477 bytes, checksum: ce5554738df42e2a46d882fead2bcaf5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-06 / The present study intends to analyze the intertextuality established between the superhero Superman, created by Joe Shuster and Jerry Siegel and the super-hero Overman, created by the Brazilian cartoonist Laerte. Overman was chosen for the analysis of intertextuality with Superman because he is the first "over" superhero whereas Superman was the first "super"; and also because he makes an opposition between an idealized hero in a rich country, the United States, and another idealized one in a developing country, Brazil, presenting, this way, the construction of different realities. From concepts by Mikhail Bakhtin and Linda Hutcheon, the carnivalization and the parody present in the texts are discussed. A comparative analyzis is done to establish the equalities and differences between the texts and the analise purpose is to present the criticism proposed by carnavalization. The Brazilian cartoonist dialogues with Superman, when he creates a superhero whose physical appearance reminds the American hero, this way the original text is mentioned and the intertextuality is established. The aim; however, is not to confirm the mentioned text, but to alter it with the intention of provoking the laughter. Once Overman was built with an antagonistic world view if compared to Superman, he dessacralizes the hero model that had been proposed. As it is possible to perceive, Overman is a carnivalized image of Superman; having been created in a different situation and in a different socioeconomic context, he establishes a parody of Superman wich, besides presenting satirical components, also becomes a homage. / Este trabalho pretende analisar a intertextualidade estabelecida entre os super-heróis Superman, criado por Joe Shuster e Jerry Siegel, e Overman, criado pelo cartunista brasileiro Laerte Coutinho. Essas duas personagens foram escolhidas para serem objetos da análise desta pesquisa por causa, principalmente, de dois motivos: 1) porque o Superman foi o primeiro herói ao qual foi dado o título super , enquanto o Overman foi o primeiro herói ao qual foi dado o título over ; 2) porque há entre eles uma contraposição entre um herói idealizado de um país rico, os Estados Unidos, e outro carnavalizado de um país em desenvolvimento, o Brasil, apresentando, dessa forma, a construção de realidades distintas. A partir de conceitos de Mikhail Bakhtin e Linda Hutcheon, discute-se a carnavalização e a paródia presentes nos textos. Realiza-se uma análise comparativa com base na aparência dos heróis e em seus comportamentos, com a finalidade de estabelecer semelhanças e diferenças entre os mesmos e apresentar a crítica proposta pela carnavalização, pois o cartunista brasileiro, ao criar um super-herói cuja aparência física lembra muito a do Superman, dialoga com ele, citando o texto original e estabelecendo assim a intertextualidade. Como será visto, o objetivo de Laerte, entretanto, não é o de confirmar o texto citado, mas de alterá-lo com a intenção de provocar o riso: ao construir o Overman com uma visão de mundo antagônica à do Superman, Laerte dessacraliza o modelo de herói que havia sido proposto. Dessa forma, Overman constitui uma imagem carnavalizada do Superman; tendo sido criado em situação e contexto sócio-econômico diferente, estabelece com o Superman uma paródia que, embora apresente componentes satíricos, se torna uma homenagem.

Subjaz a este trabalho o objetivo de analisar como o riso e o risível são construídos lingüisticamente. A fundamentação teórica baseia-se em Bergson, Propp, Bahktin, Todorov, Raskin e Attardo. Inicialmente, procedemos a uma retomada histórica, buscando conhecer como o riso e o risível foram explicados por vários pensadores e teóricos de diferentes épocas. De Aristóteles a Freud, pudemos constatar o domínio de três grandes correntes teóricas: a psicológica, a sociológica e a psicanalítica. Somente quando a Lingüística se fixa como ciência, já no século XX, o fenômeno do riso passa a ser estudado sob a perspectiva estritamente lingüística. No segundo capítulo, procedemos à contextualização do corpus e buscamos verificar como a produtividade do humor ? o dizer muito com pouco ? se constrói em outra mídia. Se a comicização extratextual revelou-se típica nos textos analisados, também pudemos detectar que o humor de José Simão constantemente se realiza via paródia e apresenta características do cômico grotesco. Explicitar e exemplificar a Teoria Semântica do Humor, proposta por Raskin - para quem todo texto risível envolve a sobreposição de scripts e a presença de um gatilho que permite a passagem do modo sério (bona fide) para o modo joke telling (non-bona fide) ? foram as ações que nortearam a elaboração do nosso terceiro capítulo. Já o quarto capítulo foi dedicado exclusivamente ao humor das palavras, ou seja, ao humor verbal cuja motivação inicial decorre de se explorarem os aspectos sonoros, significantes. O último capítulo, dedicado à análise, permitiu-nos constatar como a clássica divisão de Cícero (humor da res e humor da verba) permanece atual: as piadas trocadilhescas e as situacionais bem o comprovam. / The aim of this paper is to analyse as the humor and the laugh are linguistic made. The theory?s statement is based on Bergson, Propp, Bahktin, Todorov e Attardo. Firstly we made a historical retrospective, trying to know as the humor and the laugh were explained by several thinkers and theorists throughout the different ages. From Aristotle to Freud we could realize the domain of the three remarkable current theories: the psychological, the sociological, the psychoanalytic. Only when the Linguistic was considered as a science - which happened just on the XX century - the humor´s phenomenon started to be studied from a proper linguistic side of view. On the second chapter, we focused the corpus and we tried to verify how the humor?s productivity - as to say lots in few words - is made in another media. We noted that extratextual comic action was the typical one in the studied texts and we also realized that José Simão?s humor is often parodist and so it shows typical characteristics of the grotesque comic. To explain and to give some examples of the ?Semantic Theory of Humor? proposed by Raskin - to whom all the humor texts involves a overlap of scripts and the presence of a trigger which provides the passage from the bona fide to the joke telling mode ? were the actions that leaded the elaboration of the third chapter. The fourth chapter was dedicated specifically to the humor of the words, it is to say: the verbal humor which bases come from the sonorous aspects of the words. The last chapter, dedicated to the final analysis, let us realized as the classic division of Cicero (humor of res and humor of verba) remains between us: the jokes and the punners can prove it.

O segundo livro publicado por Hélia Correia, O número dos vivos, em 1982, faz uma crítica aos modelos sociais da sociedade portuguesa da década de 40 do século XX. Essa crítica é alcançada no romance através do uso de estratégias narrativas como a ironia e a paródia, responsáveis por desencadear questionamentos no leitor. O romance tem como modelo a ser parodiado o cânone da literatura realista principalmente, Madame Bovary, de Gustave Flaubert, e O primo Basílio, de Eça de Queirós. Como resultado, há concomitantemente uma crítica aos ideais defendidos pelo realismo e à opressão sofrida pelas mulheres sob o sistema patriarcal português. A ironia, por sua vez, surge em conjunto com o modelo de masculinidade criado na segunda metade do século XIX e perpetuado até meados dos anos 50 do século seguinte. A análise das personagens masculinas parte da relação entre essa imagem do homem e as bases da sociedade portuguesa para criticar as instituições fundamentais para a manutenção da ditadura salazarista: Família, Igreja e Estado. Como forma de libertação dessa situação opressora, no romance, são encontrados prenúncios de uma transformação que estaria próxima e que traria uma nova configuração para a sociedade portuguesa, na qual seriam revistos os papéis das mulheres e dos homens na sociedade, além da redemocratização do país. / The second novel published by Hélia Correia, O número dos vivos, in 1982, critics the social standards in Portuguese society in the 40s of twentieth century. This critic is achieved in the novel through strategies as irony and parody. The novel has as the model for the parody the realist literature mainly, Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert and O primo Basílio by Eça de Queirós. As a result, there is at the same time a critic to the ideals endorsed by the Realism and to the oppression suffered by women under the patriarchy. Irony is studied in combination with the standard of masculinity created in the second half of 19th century and preserved until the 50s of the next century. The analysis of the masculine characters is based in this relation between the image of man and the foundations of Portuguese society in order to criticize the fundamental institutions of Salazars dictatorship: Family, Church and State. As a way to get rid of the oppression, in the novel, are found predictions of an imminent change that would bring a new configuration to the Portuguese society, where the roles of women and men would be revised, in addition to the return of the democracy.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-04-16T18:46:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SILVIA DO NASCIMENTO CARDOSO RAMOS.pdf: 918691 bytes, checksum: 665a58174ddcf78d16f37f4bbb0f5f33 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-16T18:46:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SILVIA DO NASCIMENTO CARDOSO RAMOS.pdf: 918691 bytes, checksum: 665a58174ddcf78d16f37f4bbb0f5f33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-21 / This work seeks to investigate the presence of tragedy and tragicomedy theoregh intertextuality in the work A força do destino , of Nélida Piñon. This work, published in 1977, maintains intrinsic relationship with the opera of Giuseppe Verdi, staged in 1862, based on the Spanish drama, entitled Don Álvaro the La Forza del destino, from the namesake title, the characters with identical names-Álvaro, Leonora, Corral, Marquis de Calatrava and Carlos, the similarity of historical time and geographical spaces, the maintenance of sequential units and actions of the original history of the opera. The objective is to develop a critical study in which the contexts in question are demonstrated. Thus, the work wasdivided into three chapters: in the first, we analyze the tragedy in its evolutions. In this perspective, we have made a journey on the tragic: the tragic imitation of the actions in Western culture; Of the opera in its tragic aspect to the tragicomedy of contemporary narrative. In the second chapter the study was carried out in the context in which we analyzed the opera of Verdi in the strength of the destiny in its innovative process, we seek to understand in a synthesized way the opera in its historical context, and the opera and the Mímese narrative. In the third chapter, we looked at the question of Intertextuality and parody in the narrative the strength of destiny; where there was, a study focused on intertextuality, parody, polyphony and Metanarrative. To understand the tragic we did a study from Aristotle. Already to analyze the tragic in the corpus work, we walk the path from the studies in Hegel and Friedrich Nietzsche, applied theorists with regard to the relation of each one to the modern tragedy. As for tragicomedy we Plautus and Terentius, Umberto Eco, Bakthin and other scholars of this subject, woven by a significant intertextual context, parodic, polyphonic and metanarrative, we did a study based on Bakthin and other theorists who Take care of the matter. We note that Nélida Piñon, in this work (re) creates in a self-conscious way the boundaries between the real and the fictional, making the whole process visible to the reader. From these theories between tragedy, tragicomedy and intertextuality, we observe a singular construct that intensifies and transgresses into a contemporary work. / Este trabalho investiga a presença da tragédia e da tragicomédia via intertextualidade na obra A força do destino, de Nélida Piñon. Esta obra, publicada em 1977, que mantém intrínseca relação com a ópera de Giuseppe Verdi, encenada, em 1862, com base no drama espanhol, intitulado Don Álvaro o La forza del destino, desde o título homônimo, os personagens com nomes idênticos – Álvaro, Leonora, Curra, Marquês de Calatrava e Carlos, a similaridade do tempo histórico e espaços geográficos, a manutenção das unidades sequenciais e ações da história original da ópera. Objetiva-se assim, desenvolver um estudo crítico no qual se comprovam os contextos em questão. Assim, o trabalho foi dividido em três capítulos: no primeiro, analisamos a tragédia em suas evoluções. Nessa perspectiva fizemos um percurso sobre o trágico: a imitação trágica das ações na cultura ocidental; da ópera em seu aspecto trágico ao tragicômico da narrativa contemporânea. No segundo capítulo o analisamos a ópera de Verdi em A força do destino em seu processo inovador, buscamos compreender de forma sintetizada a ópera em seu contexto histórico, e a ópera e a mímese narrativa. Já no terceiro capítulo analisamos a presença da intertextualidade e a paródia na narrativa A força do destino; onde houve um estudo voltado para intertextualidade, a paródia, a polifonia e a metanarrativa. Para compreender o trágico fizemos um estudo a partir de Aristóteles. Já para analisarmos o trágico na obra corpus, trilhamos o caminho a partir dos estudos em Hegel e Friedrich Nietzsche, teóricos aplicados no que se refere à relação de cada um à tragédia moderna. Quanto a tragicomédia elencamos Plauto e Terêncio, Umberto Eco, Bakhtin e outros estudiosos. Tecida por um significativo contexto intertextual, paródico, polifônico e metanarrativo fizemos um estudo embasado em Bakthin. Observamos que Nélida Piñon, nesta obra (re)cria de modo autoconsciente os limites entre o real e o ficcional, tornando todo o processo visível para o leitor. A partir dessas teorias entre tragédia, tragicomédia e intertextualidade, observamos um singular construto que intensifica e transgredi para uma obra contemporânea.

The aim of this work is to map fake Czech profiles on social network Facebook and Twitter. "Fake profiles" in this case mean those where authors are acting as a well-known person, company or institution. The authors mostly found these to entertain themselves and readers. They use satire, parody, and often sarcasm as well. After a general introduction to the topic, which includes, among other things, the introduction of social networks, including the regulation they take for the protection of personality, the main part follows. It analyzes 8 different Czech false profiles. The content of the posts, the account statistics, the most successful posts and possibly other related information are presented. An important part of the work are interviews with authors of these profiles as well as with counterparts, real people or companies. This offers a close look at the backstage of the creation and running of the profile and, on the other hand, the possibility to ascertain the reaction of the concerned party. The next section was included in order to bring a wider view of the issue. It is devoted to similar profiles abroad, which gives the possibility of comparison of the local and international environment. The thesis ends with a chapter devoted to the situations when the content of false profiles is used...

Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender, a partir de uma perspectiva composicional, sete crônicas de Machado de Assis. Publicadas entre setembro e outubro de 1886 no jornal Gazeta de Notícias, as crônicas A+B são uma junção de gêneros crônica, diálogo e paródia e de procedimentos retóricos estruturais estilização e paráfrase e não-estruturais intertextualidade, ironia e humor, tendo como base fundamental a tragicomédia. A partir das teorias de Julia Kristeva, Mikhail Bakhtin, Michel Foucault e Linda Hutcheon, a análise busca compreender os elementos composicionais e entender os efeitos de sentido que tornam essas crônicas fundamentais para a compreensão do conjunto de obras de Machado de Assis. À medida que a análise se desenvolveu, evidenciou-se a habilidade do grande do grande autor de apropriar-se de fontes canônicas e estabelecer relações de sentido entre elas e os diversos discursos políticos e casos noticiados no jornal nesse período. Por isso, justifica-se o título deste trabalho, Memórias do cotidiano e saberes sujeitados, pois, a partir de procedimentos retóricos estruturais e não estruturais, o autor desarticula os diversos discursos e saberes oficiais, utilizando-se de saberes cotidianos não-oficiais para evidenciar as incongruências e as inconsistências de saberes impostos como verdades. Essas evidências são elaboradas por meio de procedimentos técnico-estéticos que mostram a importância das crônicas em nossa literatura. / This work aims to understand, from a compositional perspective, seven of Machado de Assis` chronicles. Published between September and October of 1886 in the newspaper Gazeta de Notícias, the chronicles A + B are an amalgamation of genres - chronicle, dialogue and parody - and rhetorical structural procedures - styling and paraphrase - and non-structural - intertextuality, irony and humour, based on the tragicomedy. Established on the fundamental theories of Julia Kristeva, Mikhail Bakhtin, Michel Foucault and Linda Hutcheon, the analyzis tries to understand the compositional elements and the sense of effects that transform these chronicles in elementary factors to understand all Machado de Assis` works. As the analysis has developed, it showed up the ability of the great author of appropriating from canonical sources in order to establish relations between them and the various political speeches and reported cases in the newspaper from that period. This is the reason of the title of this work, Memórias do cotidiano e saberes sujeitados, therefore from rhetorical structural and non structural procedures, the author disarranges the various official speeches and knowledges using the daily non-official knowledges to highlight the incongruous and the inconsistencies of forced knowledges as \"truths\". Such evidences are produced through technical and aesthetic procedures that show the importance of chronicle in our literature.

This study arose out of what I saw as a gap in the criticism of Patrick White's fiction in which satire and its related subversive forms are largely overlooked. It consequently reads five of White's post-1948 novels from the standpoint of satire. It discusses the history and various theories of satire to develop an analytic framework appropriate to his satire and it conducts a comprehensive review of the critical literature to account for the development of the dominant orthodox religious approach to his fiction. It compares aspects of White's satire to aspects of the satire produced by some of the notable exemplars of the English and American traditions and it takes issue with a number of the readings produced by the religious and other established approaches to White's fiction. I initially establish White as a satirist by elaborating the social satire that emerges incidentally in The Tree of Man and rather more episodically in Voss. I investigate White's sources for Voss to shed light on the extent of his engagement with history, on his commitment to historical accuracy, and on the extent to which this is a serious high-minded historical work in which he seeks to teach us more about our selves, particularly about our history and identity. The way White expands his satire in Voss given that it is an eminently historical novel is instructive in terms of his purposes. I illustrate White's burgeoning use of satire by elaborating the extended and sometimes extravagant satire that he develops in Riders in the Chariot, by investigating the turn inwards upon his own creative activity that occurs when he experiments with a variant subversive form, satire by parody, in The Eye of the Storm, and by examining his use of the devices, tropes, and strategies of post-modem grotesque satire in The Twyborn Affair. My reading of White's novels from the standpoint of satire enables me to identify an important development within his oeuvre that involves a shift away from the symbolic realism of The Aunt's Story (1948) and the two novels that precede it to a mode of writing that is initially historical in The Tree of Man and Voss but which becomes increasingly satirical as White expands his satire and experiments with such related forms as burlesque, parody, parodic satire, and grotesque satire in his subsequent novels. I thus chart a change in the nature of his satire that reflects a dramatic movement away from the ontological concerns of modernism to the epistemological concerns of post-modernism. Consequent upon this, I pinpoint the changes in the philosophy that his satire bears as its ultimate meaning. I examine the links between the five novels and White's own period to establish the socio-historical referentiality of his satire. I argue that because his engagement with Australian history, society, and culture, is ongoing and thorough, then these five novels together comprise a subjective history of the period, serving to complement our knowledge in these areas. This study demonstrates that White's writing, because of the ongoing development of his satire, is never static but ever-changing. He is not simply or exclusively a religious or otherwise metaphysical novelist, or a symbolist-allegorist, or a psychological realist, or any other kind of generic writer. Finally, I demonstrate that White exceeds the categories that his critics have tried to impose upon him.

This thesis – Online Parody Videos and the Enactment of Cultural Citizenship – examines the enactment of the practice of cultural citizenship in new media contexts. Through a cultural study approach, it seeks to find how citizens enact the practices of cultural citizenship, participate in public deliberation, engage in politics and construct identities as citizens in an informal way through digital creativity. In this thesis, “JorKawTeun,” an online news parody program, is selected as a case study. The main research question is, “based on the case study of “JorKawTeun,” how are the practices of cultural citizenship and popularization of politics enacted through online parody videos in Thailand? Specifically, how is humor utilized in the videos, and what rhetorical strategies/tactics are used to make political points?” The theoretical framework is comprised of monitorial citizenship and cultural citizenship. In addition, the concept of “parody as genre” is also employed in order to be implemented in the analysis of the techniques used in the videos. The methodology is critical discourse analysis. The findings of the study reveal the complex and paradoxical dimensions of citizenship, the tendency towards individualized political participation, and the subversive potential of parody: a vernacular form of political communication that is remediated in a media convergence environment. Finally, the thesis aims at contributing to an understanding of the relationship between popular culture and politics in contemporary mediated contexts, as well as the rethinking of the notion of citizenship, political participation and civic engagement based on a culturally-oriented perspective.

This essay examines how the image of the labyrinth appears in the novel Pólvora Negra (2008) by Montero Glez, a novel that we inscribe into the Spanish postmodern literature tradition.         The hypothesis of this essay is that the labyrinth works as a main theme or a macro theme for the novel since it recurs frequently and at the same time contains other topics, such as violence.         Our analysis shows, using a structural semiotic method, that the presence of the labyrinth occurs in four different ways in the text. The first is in the physical landscape since Madrid in the beginning of the 20th century, the space in which the novel is ambiented, is a labyrinthine town with small, dark, dirty and bad smelling streets. The second is in the structure of society, which is also labyrinthine since it represents an unjust and corrupt social order that is more obvious among the political leading class but that has an effect on all the segments of society. The third is that the physical and mental trayectories of the three main caracthers in the novel are labyrinthine, which is something that the reader can notice throughout the text. The fourth is that the novel itself has a labyrinthine narrative which means that the reader’s project also manifests itself as labyrinthine. The reader of Pólvora Negra has to deal with both the labyrinth in the text and the labyrinth of the text.         This essay analyzes the narrator’s voice as well as its function in the novel. The use of parody is abundant in the novel. Two kinds of parody are founded: the historical parody and the parody of the criminal novel.

Murdoch&rsquo / s fiction has been influenced by dramatic elements, particularly comic elements. This influence has been revealed as parody. Murdoch parodies the comic character types of the eiron, alazon, buffoon and agroikos by exaggerating and mixing their functions and themes of love, separated lovers and metamorphosis in her novels, The Nice and the Good, The Black Prince, and The Sea, The Sea. In addition, she makes parodic uses of Shakespearean plays, As You Like It and Love&#039 / s Labour&#039 / s Lost, Hamlet, and The Tempest, in her novels in question. Her use of parody as a weapon against the genre of romantic comedy, its character types and main themes is the result of her philosophical view of drama and the dramatic. She argues that comedy and tragedy deal with appearance whereas drama and the dramatic ought to involve reality. In her novels in question, she shows that the dramatic is the conflict of selfish self with itself to reach self-knowledge. Murdochian self- knowledge is the knowledge of what lies beyond self. This kind of knowledge is achieved by unselfing, a process through which a solipsistic self recognizes its solipsism and challenges it by means of love and art.