Within the field of development, participation has become the normative approach in the past two decades. For development projects to be sustainable, the communication must be participatory in nature. For development projects to be sustainable and to actually contribute to the development of communities, communication has to be based on the participatory approach of development communication. Dialogue, empowerment that leads to independence and cultural identity are some of the most important principles of the participatory approach. The importance of communication aimed at development first became apparent during the modernisation paradigm. Modernisation is considered an evolutionary shift from a traditional view to a modern society. Development is seen as synonymous with westernization, industrialization and economic growth. Universities are under pressure from both the government and the industry to help with economic development and deliver graduates that can make a positive difference in their field of expertise (Grimaldi & Grandi, 2005). A university business incubator (UBI) is a business incubator located within a university. University business incubators facilitate and develop conditions and support systems that ensure young entrepreneurs with new ventures will function successfully. Business incubators support these entrepreneurs by giving them access to affordable facilities and resources such as secretarial support and office furniture. The focus is on providing entrepreneurs with specialised support, training and assistance, including research and development, risk capital and networking opportunities (Lalkaka, 1990:25). A UBI uses the university‟s resources, personnel‟s time and knowledge toward economic development efforts, reaping the benefits from the commercialisation of the university‟s own research (Grimaldi & Grandi, 2005; Mian, 1997). The Netherlands Initiative for Capacity development in Higher Education (NICHE) launched a programme in South Africa in February 2009. BEEHIVE (Bridging Business and Education by Establishing a Hub of Innovative Ventures and Expertise) is the university incubator of the North-West University‟s (NWU) Vaal Triangle Campus, which started with the operational phase of the programme in May 2012. The name was changed in 2011 to Bhive for marketing purposes. Against this background, the following research question was investigated: to what extent is the communication between stakeholders of the Bhive UI participatory? The researcher used a qualitative research method in order to collect the data. A literature study was conducted to explore the premises of the nature of the participatory approach in development communication for social change. Interviews with different stakeholders were conducted to determine their perceptions regarding the Bhive UI. Lastly, the researcher observed the Bhive UI over a period of two years. The research findings reveal that within the larger paradigm of heteroglossia there is room for improvement. This study pointed out the various areas for improvement and offered theoretically grounded recommendations. / MA (Communication Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Background: The family-centred cultural construct of filial responsibility forms the core foundation of the traditional mosaic of a typical intergenerational Singapore-Chinese family. Due to modernization, several generations co-habiting within the same household or living in separate households have shrunk to smaller-sized immediate and extended families residing in mostly high-rise apartments. This change has impacted on the social norm of traditional intergenerational Singapore-Chinese caregiving. Currently, there are gaps in understanding the intergenerational Singapore-Chinese families and caregiving in dementia. Only a few studies to date have discussed the intersection on intergenerational family care, but an in-depth exploration of intergenerational Singapore-Chinese families' cultural beliefs and values is an important consideration when attempting to understand the family and determine their support and maintenance of relational bonds. Aims: The aim of this longitudinal, case study research using a participatory approach was to better understand the everyday caregiving experience of intergenerational Singapore-Chinese families within the context of each family unit living together in Singapore 'under one roof'. Family biographies were co-constructed with five intergenerational families living 'under one roof' during repeated and scheduled visits with each participating family over a period of between six to 15 months. The interviews included the completion of a 23-item structured questionnaire, co-construction of a genogram and ecomap with each family, drawings, audio recordings and digital photographs of the home environment, items and activities. Results: Narrative analysis of the five intergenerational cases resulted in the emergence of three themes that explained and explored the various dynamics in the data, namely: i) Family values, and its supporting sub-themes of culture; religion; and filial piety; ii) Family support, and its supporting sub-themes of timeliness; internal support network; and external support network; and iii) Family bonds, and its supporting sub-themes of relational; closeness and conflict; and challenges. Data analysis also generated a meta-theme 'Intergenerational Family Connections' which was supported by three properties: i) Strongly held beliefs and practices; ii) Shared space; and iii) Supporting family togetherness. Conclusion: This study has led to an in-depth understanding of the everyday experience of the intergenerational Singapore-Chinese families of a person with dementia, within the shared context of their family construction. This study makes an original and significant contribution to knowledge through the development of a new theoretical model on intergenerational family connections in dementia care. The findings will better inform formal and informal service providers and policy makers on how best to support and maintain the relational dynamics of intergenerational Singapore-Chinese families who provide care for the person with dementia at home.

Within the field of development, participation has become the normative approach in the past two decades. For development projects to be sustainable, the communication must be participatory in nature. For development projects to be sustainable and to actually contribute to the development of communities, communication has to be based on the participatory approach of development communication. Dialogue, empowerment that leads to independence and cultural identity are some of the most important principles of the participatory approach. The importance of communication aimed at development first became apparent during the modernisation paradigm. Modernisation is considered an evolutionary shift from a traditional view to a modern society. Development is seen as synonymous with westernization, industrialization and economic growth. Universities are under pressure from both the government and the industry to help with economic development and deliver graduates that can make a positive difference in their field of expertise (Grimaldi & Grandi, 2005). A university business incubator (UBI) is a business incubator located within a university. University business incubators facilitate and develop conditions and support systems that ensure young entrepreneurs with new ventures will function successfully. Business incubators support these entrepreneurs by giving them access to affordable facilities and resources such as secretarial support and office furniture. The focus is on providing entrepreneurs with specialised support, training and assistance, including research and development, risk capital and networking opportunities (Lalkaka, 1990:25). A UBI uses the university‟s resources, personnel‟s time and knowledge toward economic development efforts, reaping the benefits from the commercialisation of the university‟s own research (Grimaldi & Grandi, 2005; Mian, 1997). The Netherlands Initiative for Capacity development in Higher Education (NICHE) launched a programme in South Africa in February 2009. BEEHIVE (Bridging Business and Education by Establishing a Hub of Innovative Ventures and Expertise) is the university incubator of the North-West University‟s (NWU) Vaal Triangle Campus, which started with the operational phase of the programme in May 2012. The name was changed in 2011 to Bhive for marketing purposes. Against this background, the following research question was investigated: to what extent is the communication between stakeholders of the Bhive UI participatory? The researcher used a qualitative research method in order to collect the data. A literature study was conducted to explore the premises of the nature of the participatory approach in development communication for social change. Interviews with different stakeholders were conducted to determine their perceptions regarding the Bhive UI. Lastly, the researcher observed the Bhive UI over a period of two years. The research findings reveal that within the larger paradigm of heteroglossia there is room for improvement. This study pointed out the various areas for improvement and offered theoretically grounded recommendations. / MA (Communication Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Abstract This study focuses on motivational aspects of young children’s self-regulated learning (SRL) in primary school. The purpose is to investigate children’s personal experiences with success and their ability-related perceptions in order to understand whether children’s beliefs of themselves as learners influence their academic functioning in school. The dissertation consists of four empirical studies, which are reported in four articles. In Study I, the focus is on researchers’ and children’s self- and social perceptions of success. The aim is to identify how success can be recognized and promoted in the classroom context. Study II aims to identify young children’s confidence and success in different efficacious interaction contexts. In Study III, the focus is on clarifying what kind of personal and contextual factors support children’s perceived self-efficacy in social and independent learning situations. Finally, Study IV aims to identify the characteristics and triggers for efficacious interaction in terms of task involvement in collaborative small-group learning situations. The data collection methods include video observations, video clips, photos, video-stimulated recall and photo elicitation interviews, in addition to social competence tests administered to children and their teachers. The results indicate that children’s personal standards for success create the basis for their confidence and engagement in school. For them, success is finding the task or activity meaningful and doable, which in turn, creates positive emotions. These positive emotions are the basis for higher and more stable perceptions of ability in independent and social learning situations. In these different learning situations, children rely on their emotions, skills and previous experiences, as well as support and help from their teacher and peers. Children who seem to need the most support are either reluctant to seek or receive it from the teacher. Instead, their confidence is boosted through peer support. Therefore, the learning context, teachers and their pedagogical practices have important roles in supporting children’s motivation and SRL. / Tiivistelmä Tässä väitöstutkimuksessa tutkitaan alakouluikäisten lasten itsesäätöistä oppimista motivationaalisista lähtökohdista käsin. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää lasten omakohtaisia onnistumiskokemuksia ja heidän pystyvyyskäsityksiään. Tarkoituksena on pyrkiä ymmärtämään kuinka lasten käsitykset itsestä oppijana vaikuttavat heidän toimimiseensa koulussa. Tutkimus koostuu neljästä empiirisestä osatutkimuksesta, joiden tulokset on raportoitu neljässä artikkelissa. Osatutkimuksessa I tarkastelun kohteena ovat tutkijoiden ja lasten käsitykset onnistumisesta. Osatutkimuksen II tavoitteena on selvittää lasten pystyvyyttä ja onnistumista erilaisissa tehokkaissa vuorovaikutustilanteissa. Osatutkimus III syventyy tarkemmin tarkastelemaan yksilö- ja ympäristötekijöitä, jotka tukevat lasten onnistumista ja pystyvyyttä sosiaalisissa ja itsenäisissä oppimistilanteissa. Osatutkimuksessa IV tavoitteena on tunnistaa mitä tehokas vuorovaikutus on ja mikä sitä saa aikaan etukäteen pedagogisesti suunnitelluissa yhteisöllisissä pienryhmätilanteissa. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu video-observaatioista, lyhyemmistä tietyn oppimistilanteen esittävistä videotallenteista ja valokuvista joita käytettiin tukemaan ja syventämään lasten kanssa tehtyjä haastatteluita. Lisäksi lapsia ja opettajia pyydettiin arvioimaan lapsen sosiaalista kompetenssia. Tutkimustulosten mukaan onnistuminen konkretisoituu lapsille mielekkäänä toimintana ja heidän tiedoillaan ja taidoillaan tehtävissä olevana tehtävänä. Onnistuminen johtaa positiivisiin tunteisiin ja käsityksiin omasta itsestä oppijana, jotka ovat perusta vakaammille pystyvyyskäsityksille ja toimintaan sitoutumiselle niin erilaisissa oppimistilanteissa. Lapset rakentavat pystyvyyskäsityksiään tunteiden, hallittujen taitojen ja aikaisempien kokemuksien sekä opettajilta ja toisilta lapsilta saatavan tuen avulla. Yksi keskeisimmistä tutkimustuloksista on, että lapset jotka tarvitsevat tukea ovat joko haluttomia etsimään tai vastaanottamaan sitä opettajalta. Tällöin koetulla vertaistuella on erityisen suuri merkitys heidän onnistumisen kokemuksissaan ja pystyvyyskäsityksien rakentumisessa. Tutkimustulokset lisäävät ymmärrystä oppimisympäristön, opettajien ja heidän pedagogisten käytänteiden merkityksestä lasten motivaation ja itsesäätöisen oppimisen kehittymisessä ja tukemisessa.

La transition d'une agriculture diversifiée à un système productiviste a entraîné une perte de diversité cultivée et pose de nombreux enjeux environnementaux, sociétaux et de santé. Des alternatives telles que l'agro-écologie ont émergé, reposant sur la valorisation de l'agro-biodiversité, notamment de la diversité génétique au sein des agroécosystèmes. Constatant qu'aucune des variétés du catalogue n'est adaptée à leurs besoins, des paysan.ne.s et animateur.trice.s du Réseau Semences Paysannes (RSP) mènent depuis 2006, en collaboration avec l'équipe DEAP (Diversité, Évolution et Adaptation des Populations) de l'UMR GQE Le Moulon, un projet de sélection participative (SP) du blé tendre. Ces paysan.ne.s mobilisent la diversité pour sélectionner des populations adaptées à leurs pratiques, terroirs et débouchés, dans le but de retrouver une autonomie semencière et une cohérence de leur système. Ma thèse porte sur l'étude des impacts des pratiques de gestion collective et de sélection paysanne sur la diversité cultivée du blé et l'adaptation des populations. Elle vise à proposer des adaptations éventuelles des pratiques de SP existantes et d'appuyer la mise en place de nouveaux projets. Les impacts de pratiques de création et sélection à la ferme de mélanges de populations sur leur comportement agronomique et morphologique ont été évalués par une expérimentation en collaboration avec une quinzaine de paysan.ne.s et animateur.trice.s du RSP. Dans une deuxième partie nous avons étudié les impacts de la sélection naturelle et la sélection paysanne sur l'évolution des populations, leur stabilité et leur adaptation aux environnements au cours du projet de SP blé. Ensuite une étude prospective a porté sur les impacts de l'adoption de peuplements hétérogènes sur la diversité cultivée à l'échelle du paysage, par l'évaluation de la diversité des populations issues de SP, la simulation de scénarii d'adoption des peuplements hétérogènes et l'utilisation d'indicateurs de la diversité cultivée. Enfin, je me suis intéressée aux impacts qu'ont les paramètres du dispositif expérimental mis en place sur les fermes sur l'ajustement et la précision des estimations par les modèles Bayésiens utilisés, afin d'améliorer notre capacité à détecter des différences significatives entre populations et de donner des recommandations pour d'autres projets d'évaluation décentralisée de variétés utilisant les dispositifs et modèles développés dans projet SP blé français. / The transition from a diversified agriculture to a productivist system has led to a decline in cultivated diversity and raises many environmental, societal and health issues. Alternatives such as agro-ecology have emerged, based in particular on the enhancement of agro-biodiversity and genetic diversity within agro-ecosystems. Considering that there are no varieties adapted to their needs in the catalogue, farmers and facilitators from the Réseau Semences Paysannes (RSP) have been conducting a participatory breeding project (PPB) for bread wheat since 2006, in collaboration with the DEAP (Diversity, Evolution and Adaptation of Populations) team at UMR GQE Le Moulon. These farmers are mobilizing diversity to select populations adapted to their practices, terroir and outlets, with the aim of regaining their seed autonomy and a coherence of their system. My thesis focuses on the study of the impacts of collective management and peasant selection practices on wheat crop diversity and population adaptation. It aims to propose possible adaptation of existing PPB practices and to support the implementation of new projects. The impacts of on-farm creation and selection practices of population mixtures on their agronomic and morphological behaviour were evaluated through an experiment in collaboration with about fifteen farmers and facilitators from the RSP. In a second part we studied the impacts of natural selection and peasant selection on the evolution of populations, their stability and adaptation to environments during the wheat PPB project. Then a prospective study on the impacts of the adoption of heterogeneous varieties on cultivated diversity at the landscape level was conducted, by assessing the diversity of populations from PPB, simulating adoption of heterogeneous varieties scenarii and using cultivated diversity indicators. Finally, the impacts of the on-farm experimental design parameters on the adjustment and accuracy of estimates from Bayesian models were assessed, to improve our ability to detect significant differences between populations and to provide recommendations for other decentralized variety evaluation projects using the designs and models developed in the French wheat PPB project.

The spread of Community-based Natural Resources Management (CBNRM) programs can be attributed to the failure of top-down approaches and the development of more equitable governance strategies. A CBNRM approach seeks to fulfill dual objectives by balancing environmental conservation goals and local livelihood opportunities. This thesis analyzes how the implementation of CBNRM programs at Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve (MSDR) influences the available livelihood opportunities for local communities. Data was gathered through document analysis and online qualitative interviews and questionnaires with MSDR's staff, directly involved with these programs. The study found that trust, empowerment, and engagement are crucial for the effective implementation of these programs. By including local knowledge, promoting community participation and organization, providing continuous training, and having an ongoing evaluation and adaptation approach when managing resources, MSDR balances conservation goals with local development. Additionally, results indicate that the existing challenges are related to the efficacy of policy and legislative frameworks at the local and national levels, which complicates the work of implementing organizations. The findings suggest that a participatory approach to conservation can lead to positive outcomes, highlighting the importance of sustainable development within protected areas. These results have implications for future CBNRM projects and deepen our understanding of the intrinsic relationship between nature conservation and local livelihoods.

Urban mobility remains a persistent challenge for visually impaired individuals (VIIs) despite legal protections. This study provides a thorough investigation into the door-to-door mobility experiences of VIIs in urban environments and public transport systems in Helsingborg, Sweden. Methodologically, it employs a mixed qualitative methods, combining semi-structured interviews, walking interviews and observations, and document analysis to explore the complicated research topic. The study develops a three-dimensional analytical framework, namely the Universal Design, the participatory approach, and the technology options, to identify and analyse the urban mobility challenges faced by VIIs. According to the research results, it is evident that there is an urgent need of deeper urban planning engagement and continuous innovation for truly inclusive environments for VIIs. Recommendations based on this study include enhancing Universal Design integration, promoting collaboration, and utilizing digital tools to create inclusive urban spaces, ultimately aiming to empower VIIs for independent navigation and full societal participation. / Nej

Submitted by Thalita Cristine Landeira Portela Faro (thalita.faro@fgv.br) on 2011-04-27T17:57:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1418547.pdf: 3502093 bytes, checksum: 5d5181fd5716443a91dfe566a9e144d7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Thalita Cristine Landeira Portela Faro(thalita.faro@fgv.br) on 2011-04-27T17:57:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 1418547.pdf: 3502093 bytes, checksum: 5d5181fd5716443a91dfe566a9e144d7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-04-27T17:57:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1418547.pdf: 3502093 bytes, checksum: 5d5181fd5716443a91dfe566a9e144d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-01 / This thesis is about the reform of the brazilian public sector which is on administrative reform of management inspiration established in 2005 at URB – Recife (the main public company of Recife, capital of Pernambuco). The ultimate purpose of the study was to understand the impacts on management of the mencioned company. These impacts came from the administrative reform, drawing in part to perceptions that it had employees and the body of managers, as revealed by ad hoc applied research. The study was contextualized in a historical summary of bureaucratic administration in Brazil, highlighting the reform initiatives in the Vargas era, with the emergence of DASP, when he tried the deployment of classical inspiration Weberian bureaucracy, is also making reference to the second major reform of the Brazilian State, held at the military regime, regulated by Decree-Law No 200/67, and considered the first attempt to reform stamp management. The government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, has tempted the third major reform, influenced by economic ideas and policies of the eighties and nineties of the last century in industrialized countries, whose governments then gambled on the values and strategies of the market as the most appropriate solution to the problems economic and social, and management techniques of the private sector to become more efficient public administration. Beside the design aspect of administrative management, in Brazil the past two decades, flourished ideas of societal management, inspired by the experiences of participatory budgeting, initiated in Porto Alegre City Hall in 1989 and now spread across hundreds of municipalities. The reform of URB - Recife in 2005, was also analyzed for changes in its structure since its establishment in 1973 and several changes of roles and management models that occurred in the period. It is concluded, both based on the evaluation of responses to the survey cited, as the author's own observations of the study, that the reform had focused predominantly results unfavorable to the desirable performance of the institution. / O tema desta dissertação é a reforma do setor público brasileiro, com foco na reforma administrativa de inspiração gerencial, implantada em 2005 na principal empresa pública da capital pernambucana, a URB - Recife. O objetivo final do estudo foi o entendimento dos impactos na gestão da empresa, advindos de tal reestruturação, recorrendo-se parcialmente às percepções que dela tiveram seus funcionários e o corpo de gerentes, conforme reveladas por pesquisa ad hoc aplicada. O estudo foi contextualizado num histórico sumário da administração burocrática no Brasil; destacando-se as iniciativas de reforma na. era Vargas, com o surgimento do DASP, quando se tentou a implantação da burocracia clássica de inspiração weberiana, fazendo-se igualmente referência à segunda grande reforma do Estado brasileiro, realizada no regime militar, regulada pelo Decreto-lei n° 200/67 e considerada a primeira tentativa de reforma de cunho gerencial. No governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso, foi tentada a terceira grande reforma, influenciada pelas idéias econômicas e políticas dos anos oitenta e noventa do século passado em países industrializados, cujos governos apostavam então nos valores e estratégias do mercado, como a solução mais adequada para os problemas econômicos e sociais, e nas técnicas de gestão do setor priva-o, para tomar mais eficiente a administração pública. Ao lado da concepção administrativa de· vertente gerencial, no Brasil das duas últimas décadas, prosperaram idéias de administração societal, inspiradas em experiências de orçamento participativo, iniciadas na Prefeitura de Porto Alegre em 1989 e hoje espalhadas por centenas de municípios. A reforma da URB - Recife em 2005, também foi analisada quanto à evolução de sua estrutura desde sua instituição em 1973 e as diversas alterações de atribui'4ões e de modelos de gestão ocorridos no período. Concluiu-se, tanto com base na avaliação das respostas à pesquisa referenciada, como pelas próprias observações do autor do estudo, que a reforma focada teve resultados predominantemente desfavoráveis ao desempenho desejável da instituição.

abstract: Research shows that many water governance regimes are failing to guide social-ecological systems away from points, beyond which, damage to social and environmental well-being will be difficult to correct. This problem is apparent in regions that face water conflicts and climate threats. There remains a need to clarify what is it about governance that people need to change in water conflict prone regions, how to collectively go about doing that, and how research can actively support this. To address these needs, here I present a collaborative research project from the dry tropics of Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica. The project addressed the overarching questions: How can water be governed sustainably in water-contested and climate-threatened regions? And, how can people transition current water governance regimes toward more sustainable ones? In pursuit of these questions, a series of individual studies were performed with many partners and collaborators. These studies included: a participatory analysis and sustainability assessment of current water governance regimes; a case analysis and comparison of water conflicts; constructing alternative governance scenarios; and, developing governance transition strategies. Results highlight the need for water governance that addresses asymmetrical knowledge gaps especially concerning groundwater resources, reconciles disenfranchised groups, and supports local leaders. Yet, actions taken based on these initial results, despite some success influencing policy, found substantial challenges confronting them. In-depth conflict investigations, for example, found that deeply rooted issues such friction between opposing local-based and national institutions were key conflict drivers in the region. To begin addressing these issues, researchers and stakeholders then constructed a set of governing alternatives and devised governance transition strategies that could actively support people to achieve more sustainable alternatives and avoid less sustainable ones. These efforts yielded insight into the collective actions needed to implement more sustainable water governance regimes, including ways to overcoming barriers that drive harmful water conflicts. Actions based on these initial strategies yielded further opportunities, challenges, and lessons. Overall, the project addresses the research and policy gap between identifying what is sustainable water governance and understanding the strategies needed to implement it successfully in regions that experience water conflict and climate impacts. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Sustainability 2014

This study enquires into the influence of the philosophical stance of a narrative pastoral therapist in therapeutic groups for people living with depression within a church context. For the purpose of this study, a philosophical stance is defined as a metaphorical position which represents the therapist's epistemological stance and which shapes his or her interactions with the therapy group members. An explanation of the building blocks of the therapist's preferred philosophical stance is provided, the influence of modern and postmodern discourses in developing such a stance is discussed, and the effects of the therapist's philosophical stance on the group members are explored. The research is directed towards everyone who is involved in pastoral therapeutic groups for people with depression. The study found that concepts such as 'relational', 'collaborative', 'participatory approach', 'mutual care,', 'self-other growth' and 'co-creation' highlight some of the most helpful contributions provided by the therapist's preferred philosophical stance. / Practical Theology / Thesis (M. Th. (Practical Theology with specialisation in Pastoral Therapy))-