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This thesis focuses on the effects of globalisation on educational field of architecture, in Turkey, in recent decades. The aim of the study is to develop a method of analysis in order to read the four early established educational institutions of architecture in a critical and comparative manner*. This reading is very crucial in order to comprehend their attitudes and methods of constructing their particularities while being a part of the globalised world of education. Globalisation / rapid developments in communication technology, instantaneous mobility of knowledge and student-staff exchanges lead to a common worldwide architectural education area, where educational institutions of architecture do co-exist with awareness of other institutions operating in the field. However, the interdisciplinary character of architecture, and the regional, cultural, institutional distinctiveness of schools leads to a certain diversity of educational models in the educational field of architecture. In this context, this thesis proposes a method of analysis in order to read the four schools in a comparative and critical manner. Through the reading of the institutons with their structures and educational components, in the tension between universality and particularity, the purpose of the thesis is to find out several clues for the institutions that may be applied while constructing their particularity in the globalised world of education. The accidental, evolutionary and inentional actions of schools in the tension between universality and particularity are the findings of the research. At the end, the positive as well as the negative dimensions of the methodology are criticised with reference to the findings of the research.

Dailės terapijos mokslinės literatūros analizė parodė, jog sutrikusį intelektą turintys vaikai piešia nekreipdami dėmesio į realų objekto vaizdą, nepastebi esminių detalių, nesuvokia objektų tarpusavio ryšių. Tokių vaikų piešiniams būdingi šablonai, apimantys tiek besikartojančią temą, tiek pasikartojančius tuos pačius objektus. Piešinių stereotipiškumas atspindi vaikų reakciją į supantį pasaulį, kur dėmesys fiksuojamas ties aktualiu, keliančiu rūpestį išgyvenimu. Dažniausiai piešiami objektai – namas, medis, žmogus. / The analysis of the art therapy’s scientific sources has revealed that the children having mental disorder draw without focusing on a real image of the object, they don’t pay attention to essential details, don’t realize the existence of the relationship between the objects. The drawings of these kids have got typical patterns with a recurring theme and repeated objects in their pictures. The stereotypical drawings reflect the kids’ reaction to the surrounding. Their attention concentrates on the urgent emotionally stressful experience. The most common objects in such pictures are houses, trees and people.

Submitted by ROGÉRIO SOUZA MARINHO null (rsm@ufpa.br) on 2018-01-10T21:02:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE Documento Final (2) (2).pdf: 7621167 bytes, checksum: 95a535e0cab50da0543beeee11e6ba8f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Claudia Adriana Spindola null (claudia@fct.unesp.br) on 2018-01-11T10:30:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marinho_rs_dr_prud.pdf: 7621167 bytes, checksum: 95a535e0cab50da0543beeee11e6ba8f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-11T10:30:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marinho_rs_dr_prud.pdf: 7621167 bytes, checksum: 95a535e0cab50da0543beeee11e6ba8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-22 / Esta pesquisa de doutorado volta-se à apreensão da relação cidade e natureza na Amazônia. Sua abordagem tem como foco a análise e compreensão da relação espacial constituída entre a cidade e o mar no litoral do estado do Pará, aqui considerada como uma particularidade socioespacial no contexto regional amazônico. Para tanto, analisa-se, a partir do estudo empírico das cidades de Salinópolis e São João de Pirabas, objetos, relações e práticas socioespaciais, entendidas como expressões de maritimidades urbanas na Amazônia. Para desenvolver esta proposta da pesquisa, discorre-se, inicialmente, sobre a relevância de pensar a natureza na Amazônia como um espaço social e, nesse sentido, o mar como uma dimensão da sociedade, importante na compreensão das cidades amazônicas em destaque. Aborda-se, neste primeiro momento, o conceito de espaço, aqui tomado como um instrumento analítico pertinente para a apreensão do mar, não apenas como um objeto natural ou a parte da sociedade, mas como a base geográfica da vida e das relações sociais produzidas ao longo do litoral paraense, nas cidades ali estabelecidas historicamente. Ressalta-se, assim, mais uma forma de manifestação da relação homem e natureza na Amazônia, para além do rio e/ou floresta, no caso, relação sociedade e mar. Num segundo momento, procura-se reconhecer, a partir da relação entre região e a categoria particularidade, os principais elementos geográficos da microrregião do Salgado Paraense. Para tanto, utiliza-se, neste momento da pesquisa, de conceitos como formação socioespacial e configuração espacial, da trialética luckacsiana entre universal, particular e singular e de um conjunto de dados secundários, que busca auxiliar tanto na apreensão da diferenciação do litoral paraense, quanto na particularização da microrregião em destaque. Por fim, no terceiro momento da pesquisa, aborda-se, empiricamente, as realidades urbanas das cidades de Salinópolis e São João de Pirabas. Nestas cidades litorâneas, a partir da análise de portos, praias e orlas, buscouse apreender dinâmicas e processos para a análise das espacialidades e temporalidades produzidas em cada uma. Nesse sentido, são analisados objetos, relações e práticas socioespacias, que permitem a compreensão dessas formações urbanas do litoral paraense como formas-conteúdo, de forma a propor tipologias de cidades marítima e marítimo-balnear, como possibilidade de definição de mais um perfil de cidades no diverso contexto urbano da Amazônia. / This doctoral research is focuses on the apprehension of the relation, city and nature in the Amazon. Its approach uses as the central idea, the analysis and comprehension about spatial relation between city and the sea on the coast of Pará, considered here as a socio spatial particularity in the Amazonian regional context. For this purpose, the analysis started from the empirical study about the towns of Salinópolis and São João de Pirabas, study subjects, relationships and socio spatial practices interpreted as expressions of urban maritimities in Amazon. To develop this research proposal, we first discuss the relevance of thinking about the nature in Amazon as a social space and by this angle, the sea as dimension of society, which is important to understanding the Amazonian towns analyzed. First, the concept of space, is here taken as an analytical instrument pertinent to the apprehension of the sea, not such as natural object or part of society, but also as the geographical basis of life and social relations along the coast of Pará. The cities are historically established there, thus highlighting another manifestation form of the relationship between man and nature in Amazon, beyond the rivers and forests, and in this case, the society and the sea relation. In a second moment, we try to recognize, from the relation between region and the particularity category, the main geographic elements of Salgado Paraense micro region. At this moment, the research uses concepts such as socio spatial formation and spatial configuration, the Luckacsian trialectics between universal, particular, singular and a set of secondary data, that pursue to assist both the differentiation captured of Pará coast and the particularization of the micro region, already mentioned. In conclusion, at the third moment of this research, the urban realities of Salinópolis and São João de Pirabas are empirically approached. In these coastal towns, the ports, beaches and borders analysis, contributed to analyze dynamics and processes for spatialities and temporalities produced in each one. In this regards, the subject’s studies, relations and socio spatial practices, allow the understanding of these urban formations on the of coast Pará as a content forms, suggesting the typologies of maritime and maritime-bathing cities, as a possibility to define another profile of cities in the varied urban context of Amazon.

Une absence d'oeuvres d'art des médias en Islande au tournant du siècle dernier, qu'elles soient électroniques ou numériques, a initié cette recherche. Elle a incité l'auteur à entreprendre une analyse de l'histoire des arts plastiques du pays au moment où il était en train de devenir indépendant du Danemark. Cette période est marquée par une quête identitaire, où la définition de la particularité culturelle a dominé le discours sur l'art. En plaçant l'art du passé dans le contexte de la colonie, et l'art moderne dans celui de la lutte pour l'indépendance, il devient possible de montrer que l'absence des arts des médias peut être expliquée par le contexte postcolonial de l'après-guerre. Elle montre finalement comment l'isolement des artistes a été brisé dans ce contexte. Pour finir elle examine comment le pouvoir politique et les institutions culturelles ont réagi à la globalisation des technologies électroniques et numériques qui ont contribué à changer la création et la pratique artistique. / A lack of media art in Iceland at the turn of last century, whether electronic or digital, initiated this research. The deficiency encouraged the author to undertake analysis of the history of art in Iceland, at a time when it was becoming independent from Denmark. This period is characterized by the nation's quest of identity, where the definition of cultural particularity dominated the discourse on art. By placing the art of the past in the context of the colony, and modern art in that of the struggle for independence, it is possible to show that the lack of media arts can be explained by the postcolonial situation after the war. Finally, it shows how the isolation of artists was broken in this context. To conclude it examines how the political and cultural institutions have reacted to the globalization of electronic and digital technology that has contributed to change the artistic creation and practices.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-05-31T10:34:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Pollyany Pereira Martins - 2015.pdf: 7294926 bytes, checksum: 317b8430c3d0766296d0720ae19aa664 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-05-31T10:35:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Pollyany Pereira Martins - 2015.pdf: 7294926 bytes, checksum: 317b8430c3d0766296d0720ae19aa664 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-31T10:35:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Pollyany Pereira Martins - 2015.pdf: 7294926 bytes, checksum: 317b8430c3d0766296d0720ae19aa664 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The geography observation in its articulations, proposed challenges when analysis and answers on this urban study work were presented. The objective of study is the city of Aragarças Goiás, studied from interactions present on time and in the space with the city of Barra do Garças in the State of Mato Grosso. The work approaches the relations established between these cities by the study of the place; which is completed with the movement and the dynamics developed in the outside elements space and insides that organize the territory daily. The objective is to understand how the Aragarças’s structure is currently presented, the sociogeographic dynamics existent, and how social relations, economics, politics and cultural are organized among spaces interactions. The methodological procedures of search were based by reading and review of the bibliographic material, where also was inserted a dissertation and theories with conceptual approach for small cities; the access also had the objective of verify the methodologies used on it. Was made a survey, verification and tabulation of official data in government institution like; IBGE, SEPLAN-GO, SEPLAN-MT, Cities Ministry, IBAM, Portal of transference, REGIC, PNUD and DETRAN. It was performed an interview with the representatives of Aragarças municipal department with some teachers, ex councilmen and also with some sellers from the city of Barra do Garças-MT. Was used questionnaires for one hundred (100) people who live in Aragarças. Was chosen to make a survey by a selection of twenty (20) companies located in Barra do Garças to verify the total of employees registered on the company that are located in Aragarças. To obtain a traffic average on the Araguaia river bridge that connects both cities, was made counting of cars, and motorcycles during three periods, using a digital manual counter. As retraction element, was chosen to take photos of the landscape using a digital camera. The study from the place and by the class of analysis disintegrates and unifies the object that was studied, providing deep and immediate experiences, it is clear that was treaty here a social construction, of an existent totality. / O observar geográfico em suas articulações, propôs desafios ao colocar avante análises e respostas apresentadas adiante neste trabalho de estudo urbano. O objeto de estudo é a cidade de Aragarças Goiás, estudada a partir de interações presentes no tempo e no espaço com a cidade de Barra do Garças no Estado de Mato Grosso. O Trabalho aborda as relações estabelecidas entre estas cidades vizinhas por meio do estudo do lugar; que se completa com o movimento e a dinâmica realizada no espaço e dos elementos externos e internos que organizam o território cotidianamente. O objetivo é entender como se apresenta atualmente estruturada a cidade de Aragarças, as dinâmicas socioespaciais presentes, e como se organizam as relações sociais, econômicas, políticas e culturais em meio às interações dos espaços. Os procedimentos metodológicos da pesquisa basearam-se por meio de leituras e revisão de material bibliográfico, onde também se inseriu dissertações e teses com abordagem conceituais para cidades pequenas; o acesso também teve finalidade de averiguar metodologias adotadas. Fizemos levantamento, verificação e tabulação de dados oficiais em instituições governamentais sendo; IBGE, SEPLAN-GO, SEPLAN-MT, IMB, Ministério das cidades, IBAM, Portal de Transparência, REGIC, PNUD e DETRAN. Realizou-se entrevista com os representantes das secretárias municipais de Aragarças, com alguns professores, ex. vereadores, e também com alguns comerciantes da cidade de Barra do Garças-MT. Aplicaram-se questionários para cem (100) pessoas residentes da cidade de Aragarças. Optou-se por fazer um levantamento a partir de uma seleção de vinte (20) empresas situadas em Barra do Garças-MT, para verificação do total de funcionários registrados na empresa que são residentes em Aragarças. A fim de obter uma média da circulação (fluxo) sobre a ponte do rio Araguaia que interliga as duas cidades, realizou-se contagem de veículos automotores e motocicletas em transito durante três turnos, fazendo uso de um contador manual digital. Como elemento de retratação, optou-se por capturar imagens da paisagem presente e operante por meio de máquina fotográfica digital. O estudo a partir do lugar e por meio das categorias de análises fragmenta e unifica o objeto estudado, proporcionado experiências profundas e imediatas, já que tratamos aqui de uma construção social, de uma totalidade existente.

Este estudo consiste numa leitura da obra de Jorge Luis Borges, em especial de sua narrativa, a partir dos pressupostos da crítica literária dialética em sua busca pelo estabelecimento de possíveis mediações entre literatura e sociedade. Nosso ponto de partida foi a análise das premissas teóricas do escritor argentino a respeito do gênero conto e, em seguida, passamos à discussão a respeito dos temas da leitura e da reescrita no âmbito de sua produção literária e teórica. Ao longo desse percurso, delinearam-se características formais que podem ser descritas em termos de uma prevalência do abstrato sobre o específico, do todo sobre a parte, ou, finalmente, do universal sobre o particular. Esse esquema básico, embora se configure de diferentes formas no objeto, foi isolado pelo trabalho de análise e identificado como o princípio constitutivo da forma, concebida tanto do ponto de vista da composição, em que todo e partes se articulam, quanto do ponto de vista da reescrita de uma história tradicional ou arquetípica, em que a fábula básica do intertexto impõe o padrão da ação ao texto receptor. A proposta interpretativa deste estudo sugere ver nesses traços aspectos da sociedade capitalista contemporânea, cujas relações sociais se pautam pelo tipo de racionalidade instrumental típico da sociedade burguesa. O predomínio do geral sobre o particular, isto é, do valor de troca sobre o valor de uso, que caracteriza a forma-mercadoria na visão de Marx, se generaliza e expande sua lógica para todos os domínios da realidade. Convergindo com a formação do valor da mercadoria, a obra de arte partilharia, em certa medida, do pensamento reificado da totalidade social, de acordo com Theodor Adorno. Essa proposta interpretativa é levada a término e suas consequências dialéticas discutidas por meio da análise do conto El Zahir, pertencente ao livro El Aleph, publicado em 1949 em Buenos Aires. A fim de possibilitar essa análise, o presente estudo inclui também a análise do conto Berenice, de Edgar Allan Poe, com o qual El Zahir estabelece um diálogo sutil, embora bastante produtivo. Ademais, encontram-se comentados ou analisados neste trabalho os contos Funes, el memoriso, Tema del traidor y del héroe (Ficções, 1944) e La trama (El hacedor, 1960). / This study consists of a reading of the work of Jorge Luis Borges, especially his narrative, based on the presuppositions of dialectical literary criticism, which seeks to establish modes of mediation between literature and society. Our starting point was the analysis of theoretical propositions about the theory of the short story in the work of the Argentine writer, and then we turn to the discussion about the themes of reading and rewriting in his fictional and theoretical work. Along this path, formal features have been delineated that can be described as a prevalence of the abstract over the specific, the whole over the part, or, finally, the universal over the particular. This basic scheme, even though it is configured in different ways in the object, was isolated by the work of analysis and identified as the constitutive principle of form, conceived both from the point of view of composition, in which whole and parts are articulated, and from the point of view of the rewriting of a traditional or archetypal story, in which the basic plot of the intertext imposes the pattern of action upon the receiving text. The interpretive proposal of this study suggests to look at these features aspects of contemporary capitalist society, whose social relations are based on the form of instrumental rationality typical of bourgeois society. The predominance of the general over the particular, that is, of the exchange value over use-value, which characterizes the commodity form in Marx\'s view, generalizes and expands its logic to all areas of reality. Converging with the formation of the value of the commodity, the work of art would share, to some extent, the reified thought of the social totality, according to Theodor Adorno. This interpretative proposal is brought to an end and its dialectical consequences discussed through the analysis of the short story \"El Zahir\" tale, belonging to the book \"El Aleph\", published in 1949 in Buenos Aires. In order to make this analysis possible, this study also includes an analysis of Edgar Allan Poe\'s short story \"Berenice\", with which \"El Zahir\" establishes a subtle yet productive dialogue. In addition, the short stories \" Funes, el memoriso, Tema del traidor y del héroe (Ficções, 1944) and La trama (El hacedor, 1960) have been commented or analyzed in this work.

Este estudo consiste numa leitura da obra de Jorge Luis Borges, em especial de sua narrativa, a partir dos pressupostos da crítica literária dialética em sua busca pelo estabelecimento de possíveis mediações entre literatura e sociedade. Nosso ponto de partida foi a análise das premissas teóricas do escritor argentino a respeito do gênero conto e, em seguida, passamos à discussão a respeito dos temas da leitura e da reescrita no âmbito de sua produção literária e teórica. Ao longo desse percurso, delinearam-se características formais que podem ser descritas em termos de uma prevalência do abstrato sobre o específico, do todo sobre a parte, ou, finalmente, do universal sobre o particular. Esse esquema básico, embora se configure de diferentes formas no objeto, foi isolado pelo trabalho de análise e identificado como o princípio constitutivo da forma, concebida tanto do ponto de vista da composição, em que todo e partes se articulam, quanto do ponto de vista da reescrita de uma história tradicional ou arquetípica, em que a fábula básica do intertexto impõe o padrão da ação ao texto receptor. A proposta interpretativa deste estudo sugere ver nesses traços aspectos da sociedade capitalista contemporânea, cujas relações sociais se pautam pelo tipo de racionalidade instrumental típico da sociedade burguesa. O predomínio do geral sobre o particular, isto é, do valor de troca sobre o valor de uso, que caracteriza a forma-mercadoria na visão de Marx, se generaliza e expande sua lógica para todos os domínios da realidade. Convergindo com a formação do valor da mercadoria, a obra de arte partilharia, em certa medida, do pensamento reificado da totalidade social, de acordo com Theodor Adorno. Essa proposta interpretativa é levada a término e suas consequências dialéticas discutidas por meio da análise do conto El Zahir, pertencente ao livro El Aleph, publicado em 1949 em Buenos Aires. A fim de possibilitar essa análise, o presente estudo inclui também a análise do conto Berenice, de Edgar Allan Poe, com o qual El Zahir estabelece um diálogo sutil, embora bastante produtivo. Ademais, encontram-se comentados ou analisados neste trabalho os contos Funes, el memoriso, Tema del traidor y del héroe (Ficções, 1944) e La trama (El hacedor, 1960). / This study consists of a reading of the work of Jorge Luis Borges, especially his narrative, based on the presuppositions of dialectical literary criticism, which seeks to establish modes of mediation between literature and society. Our starting point was the analysis of theoretical propositions about the theory of the short story in the work of the Argentine writer, and then we turn to the discussion about the themes of reading and rewriting in his fictional and theoretical work. Along this path, formal features have been delineated that can be described as a prevalence of the abstract over the specific, the whole over the part, or, finally, the universal over the particular. This basic scheme, even though it is configured in different ways in the object, was isolated by the work of analysis and identified as the constitutive principle of form, conceived both from the point of view of composition, in which whole and parts are articulated, and from the point of view of the rewriting of a traditional or archetypal story, in which the basic plot of the intertext imposes the pattern of action upon the receiving text. The interpretive proposal of this study suggests to look at these features aspects of contemporary capitalist society, whose social relations are based on the form of instrumental rationality typical of bourgeois society. The predominance of the general over the particular, that is, of the exchange value over use-value, which characterizes the commodity form in Marx\'s view, generalizes and expands its logic to all areas of reality. Converging with the formation of the value of the commodity, the work of art would share, to some extent, the reified thought of the social totality, according to Theodor Adorno. This interpretative proposal is brought to an end and its dialectical consequences discussed through the analysis of the short story \"El Zahir\" tale, belonging to the book \"El Aleph\", published in 1949 in Buenos Aires. In order to make this analysis possible, this study also includes an analysis of Edgar Allan Poe\'s short story \"Berenice\", with which \"El Zahir\" establishes a subtle yet productive dialogue. In addition, the short stories \" Funes, el memoriso, Tema del traidor y del héroe (Ficções, 1944) and La trama (El hacedor, 1960) have been commented or analyzed in this work.

Enligt Skollagen (SFS 2010:800) har alla elever rätt till en likvärdig och meningsfull utbildning. Det innebär att varje elev, oavsett fallenhet eller svårighet i undervisning har rätt till vägledning och stimulans för att nå längre i sin kunskapsutveckling. Elever som anses starka ska få individanpassad undervisning som utmanar eleverna utifrån deras kunskaper och förutsättningar. Men finns det risker med att denna rättighet, som borde vara en självklarhet, inte uppfylls av skolors verksamhet? Denna kvalitativa intervjustudie syftar till att undersöka och ge exempel på hur rektorer och lärare stödjer starka elever i matematik utifrån skolans uppdrag och ansvar. Intervjustudien grundar sig i det sociokulturella perspektivet och utgår från frågeställningarna: Hur planerar och genomför skolor arbetet med de starka eleverna i matematik? och Hur kan lärare i F-3 arbeta för att ge starka elever i matematik ledning och stimulans att nå längre i sin kunskapsutveckling? Studien visar att skolor saknar strategier på hur lärare kan hjälpa starka elever på bästa sätt, vilket kan medföra att denna elevgrupp blir sittandes i väntan på resterande elever. Uppdraget och ansvaret att anpassa undervisningen ligger idag hos läraren, ett ansvar som borde ligga på verksamheten eller hos regeringen. Studien lyfter dock ett arbetssätt för att individanpassa undervisning för starka elever i skolans ämnen. Detta arbetssätt innefattar en accelererande och berikande undervisning där eleven även får coachning och stöd genom hela sin skolgång för att få möjlighet att utvecklas så långt som möjligt. / Abstract According to Skollagen (SFS 2010:800), every student has the right to an equal and meaningful education. It means that regardless if the students have easy to learn or have learning difficulties, they have the right of guidance and stimulation to grow in their knowledge development. Students that are considered as strong learners must receive individualized education that challenges the students based on their individual needs. The question is if this right, that should be obvious, really is fulfilled in the schools´ education? This qualitative interview study aims to investigate and give examples of how principals and teachers support strong students in mathematics based on the school's assignment and responsibilities. The interview study is based on Vygotskijs’ socio-cultural perspective and assume the questions: How do schools plan and implement the work with the strong students in mathematics? and How can teachers in F-3 work to give strong students in mathematics guidance and stimulus to reach further in their knowledge development? The study indicates that schools lack strategies on how teachers can help strong students in the optimal way, which can implicate that this group of students is held back because of the remaining students. The assignment and responsibility to adapt the teaching today lies with the teacher, a responsibility that should lie with the organization or with the government. However, the study accents a way of working to individualize teaching for strong students in school courses. This approach includes an accelerating and enriching teaching where the students also receives coaching and support through the years in primary school to have the opportunity to develop in knowledge as far as possible. Key words: