Ce travail prend pour point de départ l’étude de trois sites funéraires ruraux situés en territoires médiomatrique, leuque et atrébate : respectivement Mécleuves (Moselle), Contrexéville (Vosges) et Loison-sous-Lens (Pas-de-Calais). Les études archéologiques et anthropologiques menées sur les structures et les vestiges osseux de ces sites permettent une approche centrée sur le défunt qui, mise en perspective avec les données des nombreux autres sites régionaux, offre l’occasion d’aborder la question de manière plus large. Ainsi, une base de données a été réalisée afin d’inventorier et de caractériser les sites funéraires des régions Nord-Pas-de-Calais et Lorraine. A partir de cette documentation, la question des modalités d’implantation des lieux funéraires dans le paysage a été tout d’abord traitée, notamment dans leurs relations avec les lieux d’habitat et les autres éléments du paysage (voie, parcellaire…). Le second axe traite de l’organisation interne de l’espace funéraire : sa matérialisation, sa surface, l’agencement des tombes et des autres structures… La structure funéraire en tant que telle est abordée de manière plus détaillée ensuite, en différenciant les lieux de crémation, les sépultures secondaires et les structures annexes à la tombe qui participent aux rites funéraires accompagnant les défunts. Enfin, les résultats des études ostéologiques sont confrontés aux données archéologiques (notamment le mobilier funéraire), pour traiter plus généralement de la gestion des vestiges issus de la crémation. / This work starts with the study of three rural sites situated in mediomatric territory, leuque and atrebate : Mecleuves (Moselle), Contrexeville (Vosges) and Loison-sous-Lens (Pas-de-Calais). Archeological and anthropological studies practiced on the structures and osseous remains of these sites, allows a concentrated approach of the defunct who, put in perspective with data of many other regional sites, offers the occasion to examine the question in a larger way. In this way, a data base has been realized with the purpose to inventory and to characterize the funeral sites of the regions of Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Lorraine. Starting from this documentation, first the implantation of funeral area`s in the landscape has been treated, especially in their relation with living structures and other elements of the landscape (paths, parcels of land…). A second approach treats the inner organization of the funeral space : its materialization, its surface, arrangement of tombs and other structures…The funeral structure on its own is approached in a more detailed way, to differentiate the cremation areas, secondary graves and annexed structures to the tomb that belongs to the funeral rites and accompanies the defunct. Finally, the osteological studies are compared with the archeological data (especially the funeral fittings), to develop more in general the management of the cremated remains.

Les Accidents Vasculaires Cérébraux (AVC) représentent la première cause de handicap moteur acquis chez l'adulte. La récupération s'appuie en grande partie sur des mécanismes de plasticité cérébrale. La rééducation a pour principal objectif d'optimiser ces mécanismes. Les travaux sur la plasticité cérébrale ont permis de développer de nouvelles techniques de modulation de la plasticité cérébrale à partir de stimulations cérébrales non-invasives (Non-invasive Brain Stimulation, NIBS) : la PAS (Paired Associative Stimulation) est une de ces techniques de stimulation permettant de moduler de façon la plasticité cérébrale. Le PAS consiste à coupler une stimulation électrique périphérique et une stimulation magnétique corticale de type TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation). Dans des études précédentes, nous avons montré, sur une session de 30 minutes, une facilitation durable (60mn) et spécifique du potentiel évoqué moteur (PEM) du long extenseur radial du carpe (ECRL) chez des patients hémiparétiques. Le protocole CIPASS (Chronic Interventional PAS in Stroke) a pour but d'étudier les effets d'une répétition quotidienne de sessions PAS (pendant 5 jours) et de prouver un effet durable (3 jours) de l'augmentation de la plasticité cérébrale pour le muscle ECRL chez le patient hémiparétique. Vingt-quatre patients ont été inclus dans une étude randomisée, en double-aveugle contre placebo. Aucune différence significative n'a été trouvée entre les groupes PAS et Sham, ni sur le plan électrophysiologique ni sur le plan moteur. Cependant, un sous-groupe de patients semble répondre à l'intervention ; la répétition de sessions PAS semble avoir un impact plus important chez les patients ayant un PEM initial (baseline) bas associé à une importante intensité de stimulation TMS. Cette étude est venue confirmer la variabilité des effets du PAS retrouvée chez le sujet sain et le patient victime d'AVC. Plusieurs études ont montré un effet adjuvant des NIBS lorsqu'elles sont associées à l'apprentissage d'une tâche motrice. Concernant le PAS, quelques études ont montré une facilitation plus importante lorsque celle-ci est associée à une contraction musculaire. L'imagerie motrice (IM) est le fait d'imaginer un mouvement sans le réaliser, elle partage des mécanismes similaires à ceux du mouvement réel. Cette technique a également montré ses effets en tant qu'adjuvant thérapeutique chez le patient hémiparétique, ils restent cependant moins importants que ceux obtenus après un entraînement moteur. L'utilisation de l'IM auprès de patients n'ayant aucune motricité en fait sa singularité et sa force. Le protocole MIPAS a quant à lui pour but d'étudier les effets de l'association du PAS à des exercices d'IM chez le patient hémiparétique et de démontrer l'intérêt thérapeutique de cette association. / Stroke represents the first cause of acquired disability in adults. Recovery relies mainly on brain plasticity mechanisms. The main goal of rehabilitation is to optimize those mechanisms. In recent decades, studies on brain plasticity have led to develop new techniques of noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) such as the Paired Associative Stimulation (PAS), which is a non-invasive brain stimulation method that modulates cortical plasticity. PAS consists of a combination of peripheral electrical stimulation and cortical TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation). In previous studies, we have shown that a session of 30 min targeting the extensor wrist muscles (ECRL) on stroke patient can lead to a motor evoked potential (MEP) specific facilitation of 60 min. The trial CIPASS (Chronic Interventional PAS in Stroke) is a new neuromodulation protocol where a PAS session targeting the extensor wrist muscles (ECRL) is performed on a daily basis during 5 days to hemiparetic patients with a stroke (less than 6 months). Our goal is to demonstrate a lasting increase (3 days) of motor cortical plasticity for ECRL muscle. Twenty-four patients were included in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and randomly assigned to one of two groups (PAS or sham). No significant difference was observed between the two groups on either electrophysiological or motor parameters. However, a patient profile appears to respond to the intervention; repetitive PAS sessions seems to have a more important impact on patients with a low initial MEP (baseline) associated to a high TMS intensity. This trial has confirmed the variability of PAS effects already found in healthy subjects and stroke patients. Moreover, many studies have shown the adjuvant effect of NIBS when associated to motor leaning. Regarding PAS, some studies have demonstrated an important facilitation when it was combined with muscle contraction. Motor imagery (MI) is the fact to imagine a movement without realising it; it relies on similar mechanisms to those of a real movement. This technique has also shown its interest as a therapeutic adjunct for stroke patients. Its use for patients with a severe paralysis makes it a very interesting technique. The protocol MIPAS (Motor Imagery and Paired Associative Stimulation) that combine PAS with motor imagery exercises for stroke patients aims to demonstrate the therapeutic interest of such an association for stroke patients.

Selon le rapport de la Commission Européenne (2011), le départ du dirigeant d’une entreprise se traduit trop souvent par la disparition de cette dernière. Face à l’ampleur du phénomène de reprise par un tiers physique externe, force est de constater le manque de travaux consacrés à cette modalité entrepreneuriale (Durst et Wilhelm, 2009 ; Parker et van Praag, 2012) alors que de moins en moins de descendants sont prêts à prendre la relève (TRANSREGIO, 2005). L’un des challenges auxquels fait face le repreneur (personne physique) est lié à la nécessité d’apprendre et de comprendre rapidement un système complexe dont il assumera sous peu la responsabilité. Ce travail doctoral relève le risque de faux pas du repreneur défini comme une action allant, sans que ce dernier en ait conscience, à l’encontre de la marche normale de l’entreprise. Le cadre opératoire déployé met au jour la représentation que possède le repreneur du Business Model de l’entreprise transmise pour la comparer à celle du cédant et ainsi révéler des types d’écart susceptibles de conduire à des faux pas.Après un cas exploratoire, quatre cas de transmission ont été étudiés sur la base d’entretiens semi-directifs ayant permis de produire une version narrative des Business Models. Pour chacun des cas, la comparaison systématique de la représentation du repreneur à celle du cédant a permis l’observation de cinq cas de figure : carence, dissonance, concordance, précellence et modèles différents. / According to the report of the European Commission (2011), owner-manager departures lead too often to the demise of the firm. Faced with the worrying growth of this phenomenon, little research has been conducted on non-family business successions (Durst et Wilhelm, 2009 ; Parker et van Praag, 2012) while fewer and fewer descendants are willing to take on the succession (TRANSREGIO, 2005), little research has been conducted on non-family business succession (Durst & Wilhelm, 2009). One of the main challenges faced by the buyer (individual) is to rapidly learn and understand a complex system which is going to be under his or her guidance. Our research brings to light the risk of faux pas which we define as a decision of the buyer which goes against the ordinary working of the firm, without the buyer being aware of it. Our research protocol formalises the buyer’s representation regarding the Business Model of the firm he buys to compare it with the seller’s one. This comparison reveals types of deviations likely to lead to faux pas.After an exploratory investigation, four cases of business transfer have been studied using a semi-structured checklist allowing us to produce a written version of the Business Models. For each case, a systematic comparison of the buyer’s and the seller’s representations allowed us to draw some conclusions bringing to light five situations: shortcomings, discordance, concordance, superiority and different models.

World of Aspergers Annotation In my diploma thesis, which I called the Asperger's World, I elaborate on subject of specific perception of people with autistic spectrum disorder. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the following main aspects: how people with Asperger syndrome perceive their disability and whether they are recognized as part of society or stigmatized. In the theoretical part I define the term autism and Asperger syndrome. I describe certain aspects that exclude this syndrome from other autistic manifestations and point out differences in behavior and experience of everyday life of these individuals. Emphasis is placed above all on other sensory perceptions and ethical issues concerning children and adolescents. Their integration into common school classes, the perception of teachers, classmates and parents. The practical part contains three case studies on which I would like to show how difficult it is to deal with this disability from the perspective of the parents of the affected child. Furthermore, the expressions of children and adults themselves with Asperger syndrome, pedagogues, classmates, friends and co-workers. In the discussion, I compare my knowledge with sources used, and in the end, I evaluate the given issue. Key words Asperger syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, integration...

L’histoire des collections est une thématique majeure de la muséologie, toutefois, force est de constater que malgré l’inventaire des collections océaniennes réalisé dans les années 1980, la constitution des fonds régionaux est méconnue. Le passé mouvementé des inventaires et de la gestion des collections explique la perte des données. Objets sans numéro, étiquettes orphelines, multiplication des numérotations successives, etc. sont des plaies bien connues des conservateurs et responsables des collections. Mais peut-on vraiment exposer un artefact pour lui-même ? N’est-il pas important d’envisager son histoire et l’origine de sa présence dans l’institution pour mieux le présenter ? Notre objectif est donc de retracer, au travers des archives, le parcours de ces objets depuis l’Océanie jusque dans les musées du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais. Ce focus régional s’explique par la richesse du fonds océanien. Nous nous sommes part iculièrement penchée sur les contributeurs – les donateurs et vendeurs – dont l’action, liée à des phénomènes de sociabilités notariales, est indissociable de l’histoire de ces artefacts. Notre but est de révéler la façon dont ces objets ont intégré les établissements, leur réception non seulement par les membres des administrations muséales mais aussi par le public, ainsi que les procédés mis en œuvre pour exposer ces artefacts. Deux établissements dominent largement notre ouvrage, les musées de Boulogne-sur-Mer et celui de la Chartreuse de Douai. La profusion de la documentation conservée, ainsi que le destin tragique du second, explique cette prééminence. Les autres institutions concernées sont le musée de l’Hôtel Sandelin de Saint-Omer, le musée de Beaux-Arts de Dunkerque et le Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Lille. Notre étude se concentre particulièrement sur le XIXe siècle, depuis la création du premier musée en 1825 à Boulogne-sur-Mer. / The history of the collections has been a main focus in the Museum Studies since the late 20th century. However, despite having been inventoried in the 1980s, the past of pacific collections is still mainly undiscovered, the process of their incorporation into the museum unkown. It is mostly due to the eventful history of inventories and collection managments. Museum curators often encounter objects unumbered, labels unconnected to any artifact, several numbers for the same object... But is displaying an object detached from any historical background a viable option ? Or should we always consider its history and the way it became a museum piece ? Our goal is to relate the pacific collections past, looking through the archives, unraveling the steps these artifacts took from the Pacific to Northern France. The diversity and profusion of pacific material in the North and Pas-de-Calais departments account for our regional focus. Our main point of interest is the collectors and donators, men and women who took part to the history of the artifacts, in the contexte of the notable socialibity. We highlight the way these objects came to enter the inventory of the museum, the way they were perceived by the administrations and the public, but also the way they were displayed. The two main institutions in our study are the Museums of Boulogne-sur-Mer and Douai. Both are rich in archives material and the tragic destiny of the second warrant this pre- eminence. The Hôtel Sandelin of Saint-Omer, Dunkerque Fine Arts and Lille Natural History Museums are the three other study cases presented in our thesis. Our time frame is mainly set on the 19th century, with a starting point at the creation of the first institution, the Boulogne- sur-Mer Museum.

La présente thèse développe une approche sémiotique d'inspiration peircienne d'une analyse et d'une création au cinéma. Une telle démarche présente l'avantage de fournir à l'analyste et au créateur un outil intéressant pour comprendre les signes dans leur action à l'intérieur du monde. La sémiotique cinématographique procure ainsi une alternative originale à la sémiologie qui se limite, généralement, à considérer les signes en fonction de leur appartenance à un code. Cet avantage le modèle de Peirce le doit à sa base logico-mathématique qui reconnaît au signe une structure agissante dans la réalité, une architecture triadique. Ainsi toute chose (1) mise à la place d'une autre (2) pour quelqu'un (3) sera considérée comme un signe à part entière. Dans le but de fonder l'utilisation du modèle peircien pour l'analyse et la création filmiques, cette thèse définit plus loin une phanéroscopie cinématographique comme le champ d'action de toute la sémiotique cinématographique à partir de la phénoménologie globale de CS. Peirce. Suite à cette élaboration d'un espace cinématographique spécifique dans le monde, nous présentons un exemple filmique des dix catégories de signe de la sémiotique peircienne. Cette section propose aussi une hypothèse qui caractérise ce qui fait d'un signe qu'il devient cinématographique. Tout au long de la partie théorique les principaux concepts seront illustrés par une analyse d'une scène du film Je vous salue Marie de Jean-Luc Godard. Comme son titre l'indique, cette thèse se veut aussi un laboratoire de création cinématographique: elle explore l'écriture littéraire et l'essai filmique en tant qu'esquisses, en tant que répétitions d'un film à tourner. Le roman Faux pas et la version filmique de son premier chapitre représentent les résultats concrets de notre recherche à ce niveau. Dans sa dernière partie, cette étude utilise la sémiotique cinématographique pour expliquer le fonctionnement des principaux sous-signes composant le premier chapitre du roman et leur transformation en signes filmiques par les choix de mise en scène à l'intérieur de son «prototype» cinématographique. / Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2014

Ocotea odorifera é uma espécie nativa da Mata Atlântica, com características recalcitrantes, que se encontra em risco de extinção devido a sua exploração econômica. Técnicas baseadas na biotecnologia podem ser utilizadas para o processo de conservação e reintrodução no seu ambiente natural de espécies ameaçadas de extinção. Dentre as técnicas biotecnológicas, a embriogênese somática (ES) vem sendo utilizada com bastante sucesso em programas de melhoramento genético e conservação de germoplasma de espécies arbóreas. Contudo, para o estabelecimento de protocolos eficientes de ES são necessários estudos básicos de fisiologia e bioquímica do desenvolvimento da semente e da germinação, para que as condições in vivo possam ser recriadas de forma eficiente in vitro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as variações no conteúdo endógeno de aminoácidos, PAs, AIA, ABA e estabelecer marcadores protéicos durante a germinação de sementes de O. odorifera. As sementes foram germinadas em substrato de vermiculita em fotoperíodo de 16h a 27°C. A seguir, coletadas após 0, 15, 30 e 45 dias de semeadura. Foi observado que: a) o conteúdo de aminoácidos aumentou durante o processo germinativo. A asparagina foi observada em maior quantidade e predominou durante todo o período analisado. A metionina e a ornitina, precursores das PAs, e o triptofano, precursor do AIA, aumentaram ao longo do processo germinativo; b) o conteúdo total de PAs decresceu nos últimos 15 dias de avaliação. Neste período, as poliaminas conjugadas apresentaram aumento indicando possível relação entre conjugação e disponibilidade de PAs nas células; c) a relação Put/(Spm+Spd) diminui ao final do período analisado enquanto no mesmo período a Spm foi a PA livre mais abundante indicando relação entre Spm e alongamento celular; d) O AIA apresentou aumento ao logo do processo germinativo, ao mesmo tempo em que a queda no conteúdo de ABA pode ser observada; e) o conteúdo de proteínas decresceu ao longo do processo germinativo. Os perfis protéicos diferiram pouco entre os estádios analisados. Entretanto, foi observada variação significativa na abundância (% de volume) em 39 spots, que foram definidos como marcadores do processo germinativo. Dentre esses spots incluem-se 26 que reduziram e 2 spots que aumentaram suas abundâncias ao longo do processo germinativo, 10 que apresentaram tanto aumento quanto diminuição durante o período observado e apenas 1 exclusivo da semente madura. Estes resultados abrem perspectivas para a avaliação de parâmetros fundamentais para a otimização de protocolos de ES e permitiram uma maior compreensão das variações endógenas dos diferentes compostos citados no processo germinativo das sementes de O. odorifera. / Ocotea odorifera is a native tree from the Atlantic Forest with recalcitrant features that is in risk of extinction because its economical exploration. Techniques based on biotecnology can be used for the conservation and reintroduction process of species in risk of extinction in their natural environment. Between these biotecnologycal techniques, the somatic embryogenesis (SE) have been used sucessfully in programs of genetic breeding and tree germoplasm conservation. However, basic studies of physiology and biochymical of the seed development and germination are necessary for the establishment of efficient protocols of SE. Thus, these condictions in vivo can be recriated in vitro. The aim of this work was to evaluate the variations in the endogenous content of amino acids, polyamines, IAA, ABA and protein markers throughout the seed germination of O. odorifera seeds. The seeds were germinated on vermiculite substrate at 27°C and 16h of photoperiod and collected after 0, 15, 30 e 45 days of sowing. It was observed that: a) the amino acids content increased troughout the germination process. Asparagine was the highest content sighted and prevailed during the period studied. Methionine and ornithine, polyamines precursors, and tryptophan, IAA precursor, increased troughout germination process; b) the total PAs content decreased in the last 15 days of evaluation. At the same period, conjugated PAs showed an increase, indicating a relation between conjugation and avalability of polyamines inside the cells; c) the Put/(Spm+Spd) relation decreased while the Spm was the most abundant free PA observed at the end of the period analyzed indicating a relation between Spm and celular elongation; d) IAA increased during all the process while a decrease of ABA was sigthed; e) protein content decreased troughout the period observed. The proteic profile didnt change a lot between the stages. Os perfis protéicos diferiram pouco entre os estádios analisados. Entretanto, foi observada variação significativa na abundância (% de volume) em 39 spots, que foram definidos como marcadores do processo germinativo. Among them, could be include 26 that decreased and 2 that decreased its abundances troughout the germinative process, 10 that both increased and decreased throughout the period analyzed and just 1 exclusive from mature seed. These results open perspectives to avaliation of fundamentals parameters to optmization of ES protocols and allow a better comprehension about the edogenous variation of the differents compounds citeds in the process of O. odorifera seeds germination.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-04-24T18:31:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Liliane Domingos Martins.pdf: 1727390 bytes, checksum: c79964d4931792e22664d308783533c0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T18:31:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Liliane Domingos Martins.pdf: 1727390 bytes, checksum: c79964d4931792e22664d308783533c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-28 / Rorschach Performance Assessment System – R-PAS – was developed based on recent empirical evidence, as a solution for limitations identified in the Rorscharch Method. In this Doctorate thesis, divided in four sections, it was approached the psychometric basis of Rorschach and R-PAS, and provided an adaptation of this new system for the Brazilian society. In Section I, it was analyzed national and international scientific productions from the past eleven years (2006-2016) about the norms of Rorscharch for children, from the databases Scielo, Pepsic, PsycNet, Clinical Key, Science Direct, and the online platform Taylor & Francis. It was identified a total of 14 studies which results showed a prevalence of international researchs about the standard performance in children from various cultures. Section II is an empirical reliability study between two raters from the same research group and between two different groups considering protocols applied by R-PAS. It was randomly selected 86 protocols of children aged between 7-14 years old, from public and private schools. Results were based on the calculation of the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for 60 variables of the test and the Development Index (DI). The correlation indexes were considered excelent for 100% of the intragrupe analysis and 86,7% for the extragrupe analysis. The results are in agreement with studies that showed that the reliability of raters of the same group are generally higher than that of raters from different groups. Section III is an empirical study dedicated to the investigation of the differences in the performance due to gender in Rorschach, using the R-PAS from 170 girls and 183 boys aged between 7-14 years old, in public and private schools, utilizing 60 variables from the new system. The results showed similar performance between the sexs, but with evident distinctions in the cognitive scope, management of stress and interpersonal area. The most prominent differences and with larger effects were noted for participants aged 13-14 years old. With the same sample, Section IV is an empiric study that aims to present standard performance of 353 non-patient children for 60 variables of R-PAS and the DI. 24 variables and the DI showed significant differences, with a big effect and significant correlations among children in different group of ages (G1, 7-9 years old; G2, 10-12 years old; G3, 13-14 years old). It was observed that as the chronological age increases there is a sophistication of the perceptive processes of cognition, autoperception, interpersonal perception, affects and stress management, thus, increasing the psychological maturity. The four sections of this thesis provide important psychometric properties of Rorschach and R-PAS in children. These represent an advance in the scientific consolidation of this instrument and of the system in Brazil, qualifies the nomothetic evaluation of the data and the clinical interpretation obtained with this technique. / O Rorschach Performance Assessment System – R-PAS (Sistema de Avaliação do Desempenho do Rorschach) foi desenvolvido a partir de um corpo de pesquisas empíricas recentes, buscando solucionar limitações identificadas no Método de Rorschach. A presente tese de Doutorado, organizada em quatro seções, tem como objetivo abordar questões referentes às bases psicométricas do Rorschach e do R-PAS, bem como contribuir para a adaptação do novo sistema no Brasil. Na Seção I foi analisada a produção científica nacional e internacional dos últimos onze anos (2006-2016) sobre a normatização do Rorschach para crianças nas seguintes bases de dados: Scielo, Pepsic, PsycNet, Clinical Key, Science Direct, e na plataforma on-line Taylor & Francis. Foi levantado um total de 14 artigos em cujos resultados evidenciou-se a prevalência de pesquisas internacionais sobre o desempenho padrão de crianças provenientes de diversas culturas. A Seção II consiste em uma pesquisa empírica de fidedignidade entre dois avaliadores de um mesmo grupo de pesquisa e dois de grupos diferentes considerando protocolos aplicados segundo o R-PAS. Foram selecionados aleatoriamente 86 protocolos de crianças na faixa etária de 7- 14 anos, de escolas públicas e privadas. Os resultados foram baseados no cálculo do Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasses (ICC) de 60 variáveis do teste e do Índice de Desenvolvimento (ID). Os índices de correlação foram considerados excelentes em 100% das análises intragrupo e 86,7% das análises extragrupo. Os resultados corroboram pesquisas nas quais se constatou que a fidedignidade entre avaliadores de um mesmo grupo tende a ser maior do que entre os avaliadores de diferentes grupos. A Seção III consistiu em um artigo empírico dedicado à investigação de diferenças de desempenho em função do sexo no Rorschach por meio do R-PAS de 170 meninas e 183 meninos entre 7 e 14 anos, de escolas públicas e privadas, em 60 variáveis do novo sistema. Os resultados indicaram funcionamento semelhante entre os sexos para a maioria das variáveis, mas destacaram-se distinções nos âmbitos cognitivo, de manejo do estresse e interpessoal. As diferenças mais salientes e com tamanhos de efeito maiores foram notadas para os participantes de 13 e 14 anos. Com a mesma amostra, a Seção IV consistiu em um estudo empírico com o objetivo de apresentar o desempenho padrão de 353 crianças não-pacientes para 60 variáveis do R-PAS e o ID. 24 variáveis e o ID exibiram diferenças estatísticas significativas, com tamanhos de efeito grandes e correlações também significativas entre as crianças de diferentes faixas etárias (G1, de 7-9 anos; G2, de 10-12 anos; G3, de 13-14 anos). Notou-se que à medida que aumenta a idade cronológica ocorre a sofisticação dos processos perceptivos no âmbito da cognição, autopercepção, percepção interpessoal, afetos e manejo do estresse, e, consequentemente, aumento da maturidade psicológica. De maneira geral, as quatro seções da tese indicam importantes propriedades psicométricas do Rorschach e do R-PAS em crianças. Tal esforço avança na consolidação científica do instrumento e do sistema no Brasil, qualifica a leitura nomotética dos dados e as interpretações clínicas realizadas com esta técnica.

Ocotea odorifera é uma espécie nativa da Mata Atlântica, com características recalcitrantes, que se encontra em risco de extinção devido a sua exploração econômica. Técnicas baseadas na biotecnologia podem ser utilizadas para o processo de conservação e reintrodução no seu ambiente natural de espécies ameaçadas de extinção. Dentre as técnicas biotecnológicas, a embriogênese somática (ES) vem sendo utilizada com bastante sucesso em programas de melhoramento genético e conservação de germoplasma de espécies arbóreas. Contudo, para o estabelecimento de protocolos eficientes de ES são necessários estudos básicos de fisiologia e bioquímica do desenvolvimento da semente e da germinação, para que as condições in vivo possam ser recriadas de forma eficiente in vitro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as variações no conteúdo endógeno de aminoácidos, PAs, AIA, ABA e estabelecer marcadores protéicos durante a germinação de sementes de O. odorifera. As sementes foram germinadas em substrato de vermiculita em fotoperíodo de 16h a 27°C. A seguir, coletadas após 0, 15, 30 e 45 dias de semeadura. Foi observado que: a) o conteúdo de aminoácidos aumentou durante o processo germinativo. A asparagina foi observada em maior quantidade e predominou durante todo o período analisado. A metionina e a ornitina, precursores das PAs, e o triptofano, precursor do AIA, aumentaram ao longo do processo germinativo; b) o conteúdo total de PAs decresceu nos últimos 15 dias de avaliação. Neste período, as poliaminas conjugadas apresentaram aumento indicando possível relação entre conjugação e disponibilidade de PAs nas células; c) a relação Put/(Spm+Spd) diminui ao final do período analisado enquanto no mesmo período a Spm foi a PA livre mais abundante indicando relação entre Spm e alongamento celular; d) O AIA apresentou aumento ao logo do processo germinativo, ao mesmo tempo em que a queda no conteúdo de ABA pode ser observada; e) o conteúdo de proteínas decresceu ao longo do processo germinativo. Os perfis protéicos diferiram pouco entre os estádios analisados. Entretanto, foi observada variação significativa na abundância (% de volume) em 39 spots, que foram definidos como marcadores do processo germinativo. Dentre esses spots incluem-se 26 que reduziram e 2 spots que aumentaram suas abundâncias ao longo do processo germinativo, 10 que apresentaram tanto aumento quanto diminuição durante o período observado e apenas 1 exclusivo da semente madura. Estes resultados abrem perspectivas para a avaliação de parâmetros fundamentais para a otimização de protocolos de ES e permitiram uma maior compreensão das variações endógenas dos diferentes compostos citados no processo germinativo das sementes de O. odorifera. / Ocotea odorifera is a native tree from the Atlantic Forest with recalcitrant features that is in risk of extinction because its economical exploration. Techniques based on biotecnology can be used for the conservation and reintroduction process of species in risk of extinction in their natural environment. Between these biotecnologycal techniques, the somatic embryogenesis (SE) have been used sucessfully in programs of genetic breeding and tree germoplasm conservation. However, basic studies of physiology and biochymical of the seed development and germination are necessary for the establishment of efficient protocols of SE. Thus, these condictions in vivo can be recriated in vitro. The aim of this work was to evaluate the variations in the endogenous content of amino acids, polyamines, IAA, ABA and protein markers throughout the seed germination of O. odorifera seeds. The seeds were germinated on vermiculite substrate at 27°C and 16h of photoperiod and collected after 0, 15, 30 e 45 days of sowing. It was observed that: a) the amino acids content increased troughout the germination process. Asparagine was the highest content sighted and prevailed during the period studied. Methionine and ornithine, polyamines precursors, and tryptophan, IAA precursor, increased troughout germination process; b) the total PAs content decreased in the last 15 days of evaluation. At the same period, conjugated PAs showed an increase, indicating a relation between conjugation and avalability of polyamines inside the cells; c) the Put/(Spm+Spd) relation decreased while the Spm was the most abundant free PA observed at the end of the period analyzed indicating a relation between Spm and celular elongation; d) IAA increased during all the process while a decrease of ABA was sigthed; e) protein content decreased troughout the period observed. The proteic profile didnt change a lot between the stages. Os perfis protéicos diferiram pouco entre os estádios analisados. Entretanto, foi observada variação significativa na abundância (% de volume) em 39 spots, que foram definidos como marcadores do processo germinativo. Among them, could be include 26 that decreased and 2 that decreased its abundances troughout the germinative process, 10 that both increased and decreased throughout the period analyzed and just 1 exclusive from mature seed. These results open perspectives to avaliation of fundamentals parameters to optmization of ES protocols and allow a better comprehension about the edogenous variation of the differents compounds citeds in the process of O. odorifera seeds germination.

Ce travail présente des techniques, basées sur les modes glissants, permettant d'estimer des paramètres, de reconstruire des variables (observateur) et/ou de commander un moteur pas-à-pas. Le but étant de réaliser un suivi de trajectoire en position robuste avec un minimum de capteurs. Après avoir défini le contexte de l'étude, la planification et l'optimisation des trajectoires et les objectifs, le banc réalisé au LAGIS est décrit. Il est alors présenté une identification des paramètres par plusieurs méthodes. Les propriétés de platitude du moteur pas-à-pas sont utilisées. Des commandes classiques sont rapidement développées et illustrées de résultats expérimentaux. Cependant, elles ne sont pas assez de robustes vis à vis de perturbations internes (incertitudes ou variations paramétriques) ou externes (couple de charge). Pour pallier ce problème, des lois de commande par modes glissants, d'ordre 1 et 2, sont alors utilisées. Après une description, des expérimentations sont menées qui démontrent les qualités des modes glissants. Un nouveau mode glissant d'ordre 3, basé sur l'homogénéité géométrique et un terme additionnel de type mode glissant intégral, est introduit pour diminuer la réticence. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent une très bonne précision, une diminution de la réticence et de la consommation énergétique. Pour les commandes d'ordre deux et trois, des observateurs par modes glissants d'ordre 2 sont utilisés avec succès pour se passer d'un capteur de vitesse.