I dagsläget finns en stor mängd byggnader i Sverige där fasaden består av puts direkt anliggande mot antingen lättbetong eller tegel. Dessa fasader kan skapa problem för brukaren p.g.a. fukttransport via putsen direkt in i konstruktionen. Problemen som kan uppstå som följd av dessa konstruktioner är inte bara estetiska utan kan även påverka inomhusmiljön. Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka om det gick att med ny teknik visa de resultat som framkommit från erfarenheter från praktiskt arbete samt undersöka hur en renovering påverkar de fasader som består av puts direkt mot lättbetong eller tegel. Arbetet har utförts med hjälp av simuleringsprogrammet Wufi Pro för att sedan analyserats med hänsyn till fukttransporter och vatteninnehåll. Resultaten som framkommit påvisar en förhöjd risk för problem med de ursprungliga fasaderna samt slutsatsen att en renovering enligt ett av de två förslagen är att föredra. / Today there’s a great deal of buildings in Sweden where the facade is constructed by plaster directly connected to either aerated concrete or masonry brick. These facades could create problems for the user on accord of the moisture transport via the plaster directly into the construction. The problems that could follow these types of facades aren’t just esthetical but could also affect the indoor environment. The purpose with this study was to examine if it would be possible using today’s technology to show the results coming from past experiences by practical work, and at the same time examine how a remodel affects the facades that consists of plaster directly on aerated concrete or masonry brick. The work has been conducted with the simulation program Wufi Pro, later to be analyzed  according to moisture transport and water content. The results that came from this has shown an increased risk for problems with the original facades and at the same time that a remodel according to one of the two proposed remodel ways to prefer.

In current time we experience deeper and deeper indebtedness of Czech households and their deterioration into insolvency on one side, on the other side among Czech population was identified a very low rate of financial literacy in the last few years. As a result of these two findings a hypothesis was created that behind the high indebtedness stands the low financial literacy of population and that it is possible to fight indebtedness by increasing financial literacy. The thesis main target is to analyze approach of Czech Republic to financial literacy, particularly as to a tool of prevention of indebtedness of households. Simultaneously its target is to reveal relation between financial literacy and indebtedness. According to these reasons the thesis is based on several theoretical outcomes - the theory of prevention of risky behavior, the theory of financial education as a prevention from hazard and from the theory of implementation as a part of public policy cycle. Examined problem is defined using analysis of indebtedness of Czech households, determines the occasions and results of this risky behavior; and through delimitation issue of financial literacy. Thesis provides a synthesis of knowledge as options and limits of financial literacy in the fight with increasing indebtedness. Empirical part...

The thesis "Debt trap - the possibility of resolving the debt issue " is concerned with how the public policy of the state responds to the increasing indebtedness of Czech society and that address the causes and consequences of this debt. Features a history of borrowing money and significant impact on society interest in history and in the present. It also shows what causes can lead to debt and the consequences of over-indebtedness bears. Specific cases of clients with debt issues provides a chapter on the social counseling (Občanská poradna Plzeň - Citizens Advice Bureau Plzeň), which among other increasingly engaged in consultancy in the field of debt. The main part is the analysis of public policy events - it is a holistic approach to policy examined, the selected aspects, events, actors, goals. The analysis traces the development of indebtedness of Czech citizens and state intervention and non-state actors in this issue. Also evaluates the actors in this issue shows the complexity of the process of recognition of a social problem and highlights the influence of public interest and political culture of the state in the implementation of public policy. In conclusion, given the public attitude to the issue of debt in the Czech Republic.

The thesis follows up the subject of Jews and Shoah in Czechoslovakia and Austria and their representation at the beginning of the 60s. By this time, the Eichmann-trial took place in Jerusalem. Finding out, how and how much did the trial influence the presentation of Jews and Jewish victims in cultural memories or rather policy of past of both societies in comparison is aim of the thesis. On this basis, it is possible to reveal both differences and similarities between the two societies. Even if they seem to be completely different because of being sepparated by the Iron Curtain. The thesis devides into two parts. First part deals with the situation in post-war Czechoslovakia and Austria till the beginning of the 60s. It shows, how were the societies "set" when the Eichmann-trial came - what were the "prejudices", what was the policy of past dealing with. Second part includes the analysis of press-articles taken from different Austrian and Czechoslovakian newspaper and magazines (daily, weekly and monthly). From general to concrete is the way of the analysis which enables to show as the wider frame of the reaction as answers to the concrete questions. Outcomes are evaluated as continuously, as in the final conclusion.

Comorian is a Bantu language spoken on the Comoro Islands, a small archipelago between the East African coast and the northern tip of Madagascar. It is usually grouped within the Sabaki languages together with Swahili, Mwani, Elwana, Pokorno and Mijikenda (Nurse & Hinnebusch 1993: 4-19). Internally Comorian is divided into different dialects. In congruence with the four main islands, four dialects of Comorian are usually distinguished in the linguistic literature (Ahmed- Charnanga 1992:13; Nurse & Hinnebusch 1993: 18): Shingazija on the island of Ngazija (Grande Comore), Shimwali on Mwali (Moheli), Shinzwani on Nzwani (Anjouan) and Shimaore on Maore (Mayotte). These four dialects are arranged into two dialect groups (Shingazija/ Shimwali vs. Shinzwani/Shimaore) which are supposed to reflect peculiar linguistic similarities and differences. Although, in general, the greatest morphological differences between the Comorian dialects are within the TAM-markers, the past tense is morphologically quite homogeneous. Therefore dialectal differences do not play a dominant role for the subject of this paper. Two different past tense forms frequently used in everyday speech will be treated here: one morphological simple (one word) form and one compound (two word) form combining the auxiliary -ka (be) with the main verb. They will be discussed first from a formal point of view demonstrating the rules to create the morphosyntactical form. After this they are treated with regard to their semantic contents. The results presented here are based on a one year dialectological research on the Comoro Islands 1996-97. Interviews were made in 56 towns and villages on all four islands of the archipelago.

The purpose of this paper is to compare curriculum documents for K-12 education from the state of North Carolina from two time periods, 1920s and 2003. The historical development of the mathematics curriculum in North Carolina provides a snapshot of the shifts in mathematics teaching and learning. North Carolina, a state in the southeast of the United States, has had a statewide standard course over a period spanning more than eighty years. A document analysis of printed curriculum standards from allows a description of the mathematics concepts and tasks that were expected of students in those years. The analysis revealed stark contrasts in the focus of mathematics from a very computational emphasis to one of problem solving. The analysis also highlighted the understanding of algebraic concepts and ideas as an essential outcome of current mathematics programs.

Abstrakt: År 2019 rapporterar media att ett nytt virus har tagit fart i Kina. Därefter kommer även utlåtanden från myndigheter, det har konstaterats att ett nytt virus som liknar lunginflammation börjat spridas i en matmarknad i Wuhan. När allvaret med virussjukdomen kontaterats hade viruset fått en snabb spridning till stora delar av världen. Myndigheter gick ut med rekommendationer för att minska smittspridning bland riskgrupper. De som tillhörde riskgrupperna var främst äldre och och multisjuka individer. Folkhälsomyndigheten i Sverige gick ut med rekommendationer till personer över 70 år. rekommendationerna uppmanade till social distansering. Bakgrund: Att bearbeta information och olika rekommendationer från myndigheter kan vara svårt och ibland skrämmande. Människor kan ha utvecklat en misstro för olika myndigheter. Det kan även finnas svårigheter att nå ut med en tydlig och innehållsrik information som alla förstår. Erfarenheterna av att leva efter rekommendationerna kan vara olika. Motiv: Motiv för denna studie är att ta reda på mer om erfarenheter hos äldre personer av att leva efter rekommendationer som kan innebära förändringar i vardagen. hur påverkas de äldre? Metod:Studien är kvalitativ. Semistrukturerade intervjuer analyseras med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Förhållningssättet är manifest med latent innehåll. Resultat: Resulterade i 3 kategorier: Att försöka ta till sig och förstå information, att anpassa sitt liv efter rekommendationerna samt att hälsan påverkas. Konklusion: Deltagarna upplevde diskriminering samt en påtaglig ensamhet när de förhöll sig till rekommendationerna. Specialistsjuksköterskan inom vård av äldre bör fånga upp dessa känslor på ett adekvat sätt för att kontruera passande omvårdnadsåtgärder för den äldre personen. / Abstact: Year 2019 media reports that a new virus began spreading in China. Thereafter authorities report of a new virus resembling  pneumonia began spreading from a food market in Wuhan. When the seriousness of the virus-based disease was established, the virus already spread to large portion of the world. Authorities published recommendations to stop the spread among risk groups. Those belonging to a risk group segment were predominantly elderly and multimorbid individuals. The Swedish public health authority published recommendations to individuals 70 years or older. Recommendations called for social distancing. Background: Processing information and recommendations from authorities can be difficult and sometimes daunting. People can develop a distrust toward authorities. There are also challenges reaching out with clear and rich content that everyone can understand. Experience abinding recommendations can vary. Motive: The motive of this study is to know more of the experience of elderly individuals abinding recommendations that can mean changes in these individuals´daily life. How are the elderly affected? Purpose: Eldrely individuals´experience abinding the public health authority recommendations during the pandemic Covid-19 and its effect on health. Method: The study is qualitative. By analysing semi-structured interviews with qualitative content analysis. The approach is manifest with latent content. Result: Results in 3 categories: To try gather and understand information, to adapt one´s life abinding recommendations and how health is affected. This resulted in 10 subcategories. Conclusion: Participans experienced discrimination due to age and a palpable sense of loneliness while abinding recommendations. Nurses working within geriatric care should pic up such sediments in an adequate fashion to construct appropiate care messures for the elderly individual.

This student thesis seeks answers on history teachers´ view on the purpose of their subject, how their view on the purpose affects their teaching and how all of this affects the possibilities given to the students who study the past. The Swedish teaching plan and the curriculum of the subject history are loaded with tension. Based on this tension Swedish students attending secondary school are, on one hand supposed to affirm a certain way of understanding the past while on the other hand be educated in critical and independent thinking. In other words, the subject of history could either confirm a certain view of the past or critically view it. It is also worth pointing out that one does not cancel the other out. History teaching can contain both perspectives. While it would be interesting to apply our main questions on the whole course of the subject of history the main focus of this thesis lies within the theme of genocide. Based on interviews with Swedish history teachers this thesis explores what they see as the purpose of their subject and in particular the purpose in the theme of genocide teaching. What approach does teachers have in their teaching and how does this affect the possibilities given to the students? The result shows that history teachers´ main focus lies in more concrete knowledge, thereby excluding the previous statement about critical thinking. History teachers are also dissatisfied with the time given to the subject of history in upper secondary school. Although the teachers mainly focus on confirming certain views of the past there are teachers who, in some cases, lean towards a teaching method with critical thinking as the focal point. The respondents also vary in the way they give students possibilities to meet the past. These possibilities are often predetermined by the teachers and students’ possibilities to express critical thinking is therefore reduced and limited. While this student thesis is based around the theme of genocide teaching, the result does not necessarily suggest that the students never get the opportunity to express free critical thinking. Therefore, the result shows that the purpose of the subject of history, as presented by the interviewees, is multilayered and seldom based around only one given perspective.

4 Title: Reactions of astrophysically important positive ions with molecules and atoms at low temperatures Author: Serhiy Rednyk Department: Department of Surface and Plasma Science Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: prof. RNDr. Juraj Glosík, DrSc, Ph.D., Department of Surface and Plasma Science Abstract: In the present work, the results of the experimental study of reactions of ions with atomic and molecular hydrogen are presented. Experiments were performed using a cold radiofrequency 22-pole ion trap apparatus in the temperature range, relevant for interstellar clouds (from 300 down to 15 K). The present study is devoted to experimental investigation of the reactions of NH+, NH2 + and NH3 + ions with H2. The reaction of NH+ with H2 has two channels, which lead to NH2 + (about 97 %) and H3 + (3 %) formation with nearly constant reaction rate coefficients. The reaction of NH2 + + H2 produces only NH3 + ions and the measured reaction rate coefficient is decreasing with increasing temperature from 6∙10−10 cm3 s−1 to 2∙10−10 cm3 s−1 . The measured reaction rate coefficient of NH3 + with H2, producing NH4 +, is increasing with decreasing temperature from 80 K down to 15 K, confirming predicted mechanism of tunneling through a potential barrier. Reaction of NH+ + H was studied using a combination of the 22-pole...

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