The survey of the diversity of coprophagous beetles (Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae, and Hydrophilidae families) and their soil activity took place at two sites in a cattle pasture in southern Bohemia (site A: 49°29'31.720"N, 14°23'44.310"E; site B: 49°29'23.257"N, 14°23'35.964"E; 575 m a. s. l.). Baited pitfall traps with fresh cow dung (1.5 l per trap) were used to capture the beetles. During the survey of the diversity of coprophagous beetle community, a total of 29 species of beetles numbering 1,189 specimens were captured from May to September 2013. Of these, the most numerous were the beetles of the genus Aphodius, who made up 79 % of the total number of captured specimens. In terms of biomass, Geotrupes spiniger (Marsham, 1802) was significant, in that it made up 24 % of the total biomass of all of the captured beetles. This species contributes most to the decomposition of dung in the pasture. The family with the least number of specimens was Hydrophilidae. Beetles from this family made up 19 % of total number. Measurement of soil activity took place repeatedly over the course of 3 weeks, always after one-week measurement of diversity. The most numerous species (A. fimetarius, A. rufus and A. fossor) showed a linear dependence of the abundances in soil-activity traps on the abundances in diversity traps from the precedent capture period. A. sticticus was one of the most numerous species during surveys of diversity (10 %). This species, belonging to the dwellers group, was not recorded in soil-activity traps, however. Large tunnellers were represented mainly by G. spiniger in traps, for which the linear dependence was not possible to confirm.

Este trabalho tem como propósito examinar o efeito da representação gráfica do tempo como meio para facilitar a construção de um esquema mental capaz de acomodar os usos do Present Perfect e de seu contraste com o Simple Past em um módulo de língua inglesa mediado por computador. O Present Perfect constitui-se, reconhecidamente, em um problema para professores e alunos de língua inglesa. Dowty (1979) observa que, “com exceção do progressivo, nenhum outro tempo da língua inglesa recebeu mais atenção dos lingüistas do que o Present Perfect e mesmo assim não há um consenso geral no que se refere à sua estrutura semântica.” Dois estudos foram realizados (2003 e 2005) nos quais os participantes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em uma de duas condições experimentais: (1) Somente texto e (2) Texto+Gráficos. No segundo estudo foram incorporados gráficos interativos, seguindo a recomendação de Peeck (1993) e o princípio de interatividade de Mayer (2002). Os dados coletados através de um pré-teste, pósteste imediato e pós-teste deslocado, foram analisados através de análises de variância (ANOVAs) de um fator e análises de variância para medidas repetidas. Os resultados das ANOVAs, aliados às respostas de um questionário aplicado logo após o pós-teste imediato sugerem que os tratamentos tiveram pouca influência na compreensão e retenção de informações a curto prazo; o princípio de fatiamento de Sweller (1988), utilizando o modelo temporal de Declerck (1986) e o modelo aspectual de Godoi (1992), aliado com o princípio de multimídia da teoria de aprendizado por multimídia de Mayer (2002), mostraram-se eficazes na compreensão e retenção a longo prazo dos usos e contrastes entre o Present Perfect e o Simple Past; e a inclusão de gráficos interativos no estudo de 2005, serviu para diminuir a confusão causada pelos gráficos estáticos, ocorrida no estudo de 2003. / The present study examined the effect of graphical representation of time in facilitating both interpretation and construction of schemata capable of accounting for the uses of the Present Perfect and its contrast with the Simple Past in an English intermediate course mediated by computer. The English Present Perfect is a wellknown troublemaker for EFL/ESL teachers and learners. Dowty (1979) observes that, “aside from the progressive, no English tense has received more attention from linguists and yet eluded a convincing analysis so completely as the Present Perfect.” Two studies were carried out (2003 and 2005) in which the students were randomly distributed between two treatments: (1) Text only and (2) Text+Graphics. In the second study, interactive graphics were added, following Peeck’s (1993) advice to improve active learning and Mayer’s (2002) interactivity principle to give students more control over the material. The data collected in the pre-test, immediate post-test and delayed post-test were analyzed through analyses of variance (ANOVAs) of one factor and repeated measures ANOVAs. The results of the ANOVAs, together with the answers of the questionnaire applied right after the immediate post-test, suggest that the treatments had low influence over the comprehension and retention of information for the immediate post-test; Sweller’s (1988) chunking principle, utilizing Declerck’s (1986) temporal model and Godoi’s (1992) aspectual model, allied with Mayer’s (2002) principle of multimedia, were effective to promote long lasting comprehension and retention of the uses of the Present Perfect and its contrast with the Simple Past; the inclusion of interactive graphics in the second study (2005), was effective to diminish the confusion caused by the static graphics utilized in the first study (2003).

O presente trabalho pretende dissertar sobre a construção narrativa dos conceitos de estrutura e sujeito no livro A miséria da teoria do historiador inglês Edward Palmer Thompson (1924 – 1993). Com a crise do marxismo em 1956 intelectuais de esquerda começam a repensar o marxismo como teoria e como prática política. Nas décadas de 1960 e 1970 o filosofo francês Louis Althusser (1918 – 1990) adquire um grande prestigio na historiografia marxista inglesa através dos integrantes da segunda new left. O livro aqui analisado é uma resposta à infiltração do marxismo althusseriano na Inglaterra. Os conceitos de estrutura e sujeito são avaliados a partir de três pontos constitutivos. Primeiro, o mercado linguístico da época de Thompson; segundo, a gramática do livro o que possibilita compreender as regras semânticas e pragmáticas do texto; por último, uma análise dos nomes próprios e conceitos que compõe o texto, a partir da problemática dos usos do passado contido nas palavras. Desta forma pode-se compreender que a constituição narrativa dos conceitos configura-se como uma forma de um reenquadramento do passado na escritura historiadora para recompor a temporalidade fissurada com a crise marxista de 1956. / This work intends to elaborate on the narrative construction of the concepts of structure and subject in the book The Poverty of Theory of the English historian Edward Palmer Thompson (1924-1993). With the crisis of Marxism in 1956, left-wing intellectuals started to rethink Marxism as theory and as political practice. In the 1960s and 1970s the French philosopher Louis Althusser (1918-1990) acquired a great prestige in the English Marxist historiography through the members of the second new left. The book here analyzed is a response to the infiltration of Althusserian Marxism in England. The concepts of structure and subject are evaluated from three points of incorporation. First, the language market of the Thompson times; second, the book grammar which enables to understand the semantic and pragmatic rules of the text, and finally, an analysis of proper names and concepts that compose the text, from the problematic uses of past contained in words. Thus one can understand that the narrative constitution of concepts appears as a way of reframing the past in the historian writing to reconstruct the temporality cracked with Marxian crisis of 1956.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:59:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arnaldo.pdf: 1131473 bytes, checksum: 01854b701b98200b573c87f3a91f82d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In the present dissertation I analyze a group of works of local history produced among the years of 1985 and 2007 in municipal districts of the Area of the High is Worth of Itajaí, in the State of Santa Catarina, as well as some initiatives developed by AMAVI - Association of the Municipal districts of the High is Worth of Itajaí - relative to the historical and cultural patrimony of the area. The work is divided in three moments. In the first I try to verify in that measured the initiatives of AMAVI and the writings contained in the works of local history act in the sense of giving support for a regional identity; in the second moment I focus my analysis just on the works of local history, seeking to bring the surface some elements involved in the elaboration of those works and leaving of the beginning that they represent a singular regime of production of the past; in the final moment my objective is to discourse on the way as the writings of local history present to the reader an idea of a monumental past / Na presente dissertação analiso um conjunto de obras de história local produzidas entre os anos de 1985 e 2007 em municípios da Região do Alto Vale do Itajaí, no Estado de Santa Catarina, assim como algumas iniciativas desenvolvidas pela AMAVI Associação dos Municípios do Alto Vale do Itajaí relativas ao patrimônio histórico e cultural da região. O trabalho é dividido em três momentos. No primeiro procuro verificar em que medida as iniciativas da AMAVI e os escritos contidos nas obras de história local agem no sentido de dar suporte para uma identidade regional; no segundo momento enfoco minha análise apenas sobre as obras de história local, visando trazer a tona alguns elementos envolvidos na elaboração dessas obras e partindo do princípio de que elas representam um regime singular de produção do passado; no momento final meu objetivo é discorrer sobre a maneira como os escritos de história local apresentam ao leitor uma idéia de um passado monumental

O presente trabalho propõe a análise das telenovelas Escrava Isaura (Rede Globo, 1976) e Xica da Silva (Manchete, 1996) sob a perspectiva dos usos públicos do passado. Enquanto Escrava Isaura foi escrita por Gilberto Braga em um contexto ditatorial, adaptando o romance abolicionista de Bernardo Guimarães sobre uma escrava branca, Xica da Silva foi a apropriação livre de Walcyr Carrasco das diversas memórias sobre a personagem histórica Francisca da Silva e seu romance com o contratador de diamantes no Arraial do Tejuco do século XVIII. Nos vinte anos que separam estas duas telenovelas, a historiografia brasileira sobre a escravidão foi palco de transformações ao mesmo tempo em que a telenovela brasileira se desenvolveu como uma indústria com papel de crescente destaque na construção da identidade nacional, com a telenovela “de época” administrando de forma performática as relações entre passado, presente e futuro. O trabalho coloca estas questões em diálogo com as telenovelas, refletindo sobre a representação do passado escravista em cada uma; as tensões sócio-políticas refletidas nestas representações; e as formas através das quais Escrava Isaura e Xica da Silva articulam passado, presente e futuro. A partir destas análises a dissertação busca perceber de que formas as escolhas de cada telenovela administram o passado da escravidão e como elas dialogam com os contextos sociais, políticos e culturais em que elas foram escritas, produzidas e exibidas. / The purpose of this work is to present an analysis of the Brazilian soap-operas Escrava Isaura (Rede Globo, 1976) and Xica da Silva (Manchete, 1996) from the perspective of public uses of the past. Escrava Isaura was written by Gilberto Braga in a dictatorial context, adapting Bernardo Guimarães’s abolitionist novel about a white slave, while Xica da Silva was a free adaptation by Walcyr Carrasco of several memoirs about the historical character Francisca da Silva and her romance with a diamond mine owner and mining Governor of Arraial do Tejuco in the 18th century. For the twenty years between these two soap-operas, Brazilian historiography on slavery experienced many transformations while the Brazilian soap-opera developed as an industry with a increasing importance in the construction of national identity and the “Brazilian historical soap-opera” managed in a performative way the relations between past, present and future. This work poses these questions in dialogue with the soap-operas, reflecting upon the representation of the Brazilian slavery past in each one; the socio-political tensions reflected in these representations; and the ways Escrava Isaura and Xica da Silva balance and portray past, present, and future. This dissertation seeks to understand how the choices in each soap-opera convey the Brazilian slavery past and how they dialogue with the social, political and cultural contexts in which they were written, produced and broadcast.

The aim of this methodically oriented thesis was to find spatial distribution of water bugs in fishpond by parallelly used two different sampling methods - classic method (netting) and light traps as well as to find, if sampling method can influence a result of ecological study by substantial way. Study was realized in the one locality - fishpond Polepšil (region: Vysočina: Moravskobudějovicko) in years 2007 and 2008. Spaces {--} transects for sampling were difined. Efficiency of water bug sampling by nett is conspicuously less than sampling by light traps. More species and individuals (in total sum of samples and in samples from individual transects too) were sampled by light traps under comparable conditions. Chemical yelow-green light of light traps was more attractive for water bugs than the pink one. Spatial preferences of some corixid species and their developmental stages were noted by application of light trap method of sampling. Light trap method of samplings brings more complete and valuable data for ecological studies of water bug communities.

This thesis deals with the history and present state of the education of paediatric nurses and their attitudes towards their own profession. The first objective was to find out information regarding the education in the nursing profession in Bohemia, with a focus on child care, and to create an overview of the education in the profession Paediatric Nurse. The second objective was to find out about the attitudes of paediatric nurses towards their profession. Interviewed were sisters who chose the profession after finishing elementary school and underwent qualifying studies as well as nurses who chose the profession after graduating from a secondary school or university education and achieved their education through specialization studies. The last objective was to compare these two groups and to assess whether there are any differences between them. The theoretical background of the thesis defined basic concepts such as the definition of education, education in nursing, a profession, and attitude towards a profession. Documents related to education since the foundation of nursing education to the present were also used and studied. The chapters on the status of nursing staff and its employment chances focus on the development of the relationship to the profession and shaping attitudes towards it. In the research part of the thesis, the collected information related to education and derived from archival documents, literature, laws and regulations is presented. The results can be used as a basis for creating educational material focused on the history of the field and intended for the education of paediatric nurses to strengthen their identification with the profession. The thesis also presents interviews with in-service paediatric nurses where they express their views on the work in the field and their attitudes towards their profession. The results of the interviews are documented and organized so that it is possible to assess whether there are any differences between these groups. The anticipated differences can be used for further investigation focused on attitudes to the profession. Verified knowledge could then be used for training paediatric nurses aimed at creating desired attitudes towards the profession.

The nineteenth century in Spanish America exhibits a true saga of funeral ceremonies intended to exalt the role of great men in the configuration of the symbolic arsenal which contributed to molding the foundational mythology of nation-states. The Republican state language turned the association between hero, national body and posterity into a resource of the affirmation of national authority and social and political cohesion. Converted into keystones in the building of the national pantheon, State funerals carried out during the 19th century in the majority of the Spanish American republics became formidable instruments of political and cultural construction. Along these lines, the presen tarticle is occupied with contextualizing the slow process of placing José de San Martín as an Argentine national hero within the coordinates of 19th century European and Spanish American funerary rituals. / El siglo XIX hispanoamericano exhibe una verdadera saga de ceremoniales fúnebres destinados a enaltecer el papel de los grandes hombres en la configuración del arsenal simbólico que contribuía a moldear la mitología fundacional de los estados nacionales. El lenguaje estatal republicano hizo de la asociación entre héroe, cuerpo nacional y posteridad un recurso de afirmación de la autoridad nacional y de cohesión social y política.Convertidos en piezas angulares en la fabricación del panteón nacional, los funerales de Estado realizados a lo largo del siglo XIX en la mayoría de las repúblicas hispanoamericanas se convirtieron en instrumentos formidables de construcción políticay cultural. En esta línea, el presente artículose ocupa de contextualizar la dilatada empresa de colocación de José de San Martíncomo héroe nacional argentino en las coordenadas de los rituales funerarios del siglo XIX europeo e hispanoamericano.

Le présent travail a pour objet le traitement du passé de la RDA dans l’espace public à l’occasion des commémorations du 17 juin 1953, du 9 novembre 1989 et du 3 octobre 1990, dans les discours officiels et dans la presse. Son objectif est d’étudier le processus de construction d’une mémoire commune de ce passé, mémoire qui participe à l’élaboration d’une identité allemande commune. L’analyse porte d’une part sur les commémorations en tant qu’initiatives politiques de traitement du passé dans l’espace public. Elle met en évidence le traitement « anhistorique » du passé de la RDA dans les discours officiels prononcés lors de ces commémorations. L’étude de leur couverture par la presse montre le rôle de ce média dans le traitement du passé de la RDA.Les commémorations correspondent d’autre part à une focalisation de l’espace public sur le passé de la RDA. L’étude du traitement du passé par la presse à ces occasions met en évidence les réactions de citoyens de l’ancienne RDA à la mémoire « officielle ». Elle révèle la pluralité des mémoires de la RDA telles qu’elles s’expriment dans la presse. Le caractère particulier de la presse régionale est-allemande dans ce traitement du passé est également analysé, à travers l’exemple de la Sächsische Zeitung. Il se dégage de la confrontation et interprétation des sources une nette fragmentation de la mémoire de la RDA en Allemagne, qui s’articule en particulier autour d’une opposition entre mémoire « d’en haut » et mémoire « d’en bas ». Cette opposition souligne la nécessité de négociations entre responsables politiques et citoyens pour passer d’une mémoire événementielle à une mémoire culturelle de la RDA. / The present study explores how the GDR’s past is remembered on the occasion of the commemorations of 17th June 1953, 9th November 1989 and 3rd October 1990, in official speeches and in the press. Its purpose is to investigate the construction of a common memory of this past, which participates in the elaboration of a common German identity.First, it analyses commemorations as a voluntary act of the political management of memory in the public space. It points out how “ahistorical” the official memory of the GDR expressed in official commemoration speeches is. The way the press covers these speeches indicates the role of this media in dealing with the GDR’s past.But commemorations are also an opportunity for discussing and debating about the past in the public space. Citizens of the former GDR react against the “official” memory imposed by politicians through commemorations, which explains why commemorations reveal other types of memories. The thesis examines different aspects of collective memory expressed in the press. Specificities of the East German local press (especially the Sächsische Zeitung) in these processes are also analysed.The confrontation and the interpretation of different sources highlight the fragmentation of GDR memory in Germany, especially the opposition between a memory coming “from the top” (politicians) and a memory coming “from the bottom” (citizens). This opposition underlines the necessity for negotiations in order to operate a transition from an event-oriented memory of the GDR to a cultural one.

A presente pesquisa, de cunho teórico-bibliográfico, tem por objeto a posição filosófica de Adorno relacionada à possibilidade de emancipação. Pode-se constatar na Dialética da Aufklärung que a emancipação pretendida pelo pensamento do século XVIII aquela que prometeu progresso no conhecimento da natureza, aperfeiçoamento moral, emancipação social não se concretizou, pode-se também encontrar elementos que sustentariam ainda a busca por uma emancipação autêntica. Apesar de constante e justificada dúvida quanto ao ideal iluminista de emancipação através da razão, Adorno e Horkheimer parecem ainda confiar, de certo modo, na racionalidade. É esse certo modo o alvo da análise. Assim, temse como objetivo investigar as posições teóricas de Adorno quanto ao significado e às condições de possibilidade da emancipação humana, bem como investigar até que ponto a educação, a formação cultural e a experiência, realizando tais condições, poderiam contribuir para tal emancipação. Nesse sentido, questiona-se tanto o conceito adorniano de educação, em sua busca pela produção de uma consciência verdadeira, como o de formação cultural, enquanto a cultura tomada pelo lado de sua apropriação subjetiva, assim como o de experiência, como continuidade da consciência em que perdura o ainda não existente, que deságua, por fim, no de elaboração do passado, uma vez que o passado é uma experiência única. Para tanto, a pesquisa fundamenta-se nas próprias categorias da tradição filosófica da modernidade européia, assumidas e reelaboradas por Adorno e Horkheimer na constituição da Teoria Crítica. Tem-se, como principal base teórica, a Dialética da Aufklärung, escrita em conjunto com Horkheimer; os escritos desse sobre a Teoria Crítica da Sociedade; o livro Educação e Emancipação; bem como o ensaio Teoria da Semiformação, ambos de autoria de Adorno. Assim sendo, como metodologia optou-se pela leitura, análise e interpretação de fontes primárias do pensamento adorniano, com destaque para os textos supracitados e pela leitura e estudo de fontes secundárias com vistas a colher subsídios para a compreensão e explicação das posições de Adorno. A conclusão a que se chegou é que Adorno admite e considera possível, apesar de muito difícil e bastante improvável, outra emancipação. A educação e a formação cultural, através de um processo intenso, ininterrupto e infatigável de autoreflexão, poderiam refazer a possibilidade que no presente momento encontra-se obstruída de realização da experiência, contribuindo então para essa emancipação da humanidade. Ou seja, tal efetivação tem como pressuposto uma educação e uma formação cultural, reelaboradas a partir de sua própria autoreflexão. Sendo tanto a educação quanto a formação cultural dimensões do social, sua potencialidade é limitada, daí uma possível contribuição. A efetivação de uma emancipação autêntica dependeria de uma profunda transformação do todo social. / This research presents a bibliographic theoretical approach and assesses Adornos philosophical position regarding the possibility of emancipation. It is clear in the Dialektik der Aufklärung that the emancipation intended by the 18th-century thinking the one that promised progress in nature knowledge, moral improvement and social emancipation did not materialize, and that only some elements which would sustain a search for an authentic emancipation are present. Although there are doubts regarding the illuminist ideal of emancipation through reason, Adorno and Horkheimer keep their trust, to a certain point, in rationality. This certain point is the target of the analysis. The aim is to investigate Adornos theoretical position towards the possibility, meaning and conditions of human emancipation, and also to consider to what extent education, cultural formation and experience, fulfilling these conditions, contribute to such emancipation. In this sense, Adornos concept of education, searching the production of a true conscience, the cultural formation concept as the culture taken by its subjective appropriation, and the experience concept as the continuity of conscience in which the nonexistent lasts, are questioned, leading to the working through of the past concept, once the past is a unique experience. The research is based on the very own categories of the European philosophical tradition that Adorno and Horkheimer took and re-elaborated when constituting the Society Critical Theory. The main theoretical base is the Dialektik der Aufklärung, written together with Horkheimer; Horkheimers writings about the Society Critical Theory; the book Education and Emancipation; and the essay Theory of Self-Formation, the last two written by Adorno. As methodology were used reading, analysis and interpretation of Adornos thinking, the primary sources named above, and secondary sources that aim at supplementing the comprehension and explanations of Adornos positions. The conclusion is that Adorno admits and sees another emancipation as possible although very hard and unlikely. Education and cultural formation, through an intense, constant and restless self-thinking process, could bring the possibility that is now obstructed of realizing the experience, contributing therefore to humankinds emancipation. In conclusion, such a realization supposes education and cultural formation, re-elaborated from their own thinking. Because education and cultural formation are both social dimensions, the potential for emancipation is limited, therefore there is a possible contribution. The concretization of an authentic emancipation would require a profound transformation of the entire social order.