Objective: This study sought to determine the association between periodontal disease in pregnancy and the delivery of low birth weight newborns in a rural population of South African women. Methods: This case-control study involved 348 new mothers. All subjects were recruited post-delivery from three public hospitals in the rural Eastern Cape of South Africa. The cases (n=119) were mothers who delivered through normal delivery and whose babies at the time of delivery weighed <2.5 kg. Age-matched controls (n=229) were mothers who delivered ≥2.5 kg babies. Potential risk factors for periodontal disease and low birth weight were collected by means of a structured questionnaire and maternity record review. Using the WHO's community periodontal index, a trained dental clinician blinded to participants' birth-outcomes recorded the periodontal health status of each participant (intraexaminer reliability; kappa = 0.95). Mothers who presented with a probing depth ≥4 mm on more than four index teeth without the presence of gingival overgrowth were deemed to present with periodontal disease. Data analysis included conditional logistic regression analysis. Results: Periodontal disease was diagnosed in 37.9%> (n=45) of the case group and 9.2°/o (n=21) of the control group. Low birth weight was also significantly more common among those who were unemployed, those who reported fewer than three antenatal visits and drinking on five or more days per week during pregnancy. After controlling for potential confounders, mothers presenting with a probing depth ≥ 4 mm on four teeth (OR = 4.12; 95°/o Cl = 1. 78 - 9.50) or more than four teeth (OR = 4.95; 95%> Cl: 1.52 - 15.81) were found to be significantly more likely to have low birth weight babies. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that there is a significant dose-dependent positive association between periodontal disease and low birth weight, independent of other risk factors measured in this study. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Community Dentistry / unrestricted

Orientador: Mauro Pedrine [Unesp] Santamaria / Resumo: A destruição periodontal resulta principalmente da resposta inflamatória exacerbada do hospedeiro frente ao desafio bacteriano. Por isso, pesquisas envolvendo a modulação da resposta do hospedeiro têm sido desenvolvidas com o objetivo de facilitar a resolução da inflamação, bem como promover reparação tecidual e estabilidade periodontal. Recentemente, o uso de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados de ômega-3 (AGP Ω-3) e ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) foi relacionado à produção de mediadores lipídicos mais bioativos e à melhores resultados clínicos no tratamento de periodontite crônica. Desse modo, pesquisas envolvendo modulação das respostas inflamatórias de portadores de periodontite agressiva (PAg) podem ser de grande valia. Assim, o objetivo dos presentes estudos clínicos controlados randomizados foi avaliar a utilização da suplementação de 900 mg AGP Ω-3 e 100 mg de AAS por 180 dias como adjuvantes ao tratamento de PAg generalizada (PAgG). (1) Selecionou-se 38 pacientes com PAgG os quais receberam debridamento subgengival associado a AGP Ω-3 e AAS (n=19) ou placebo (n=19). Ambos os grupos apresentaram diminuição (p<0,05) em todos os parâmetros clínicos avaliados, bem como em IL-1β, sem diferença entre os tratamentos (p>0,05). O nível de TIMP-2 diminuiu significantemente no grupo controle, porém se manteve estável no grupo teste. Concluiu-se que a nova terapia proposta não trouxe benefícios clínicos no tratamento não-cirúrgico de PAgG. (2) Selecionou-se 34 pacientes com PAgG previa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre la dieta vegana y la autopercepción del estado periodontal en la población vegana de Lima Metropolitana, Perú.  Materiales y Métodos: Un total de 240 personas (120 veganas y 120 no veganos) fueron encuestadas en este estudio durante los meses de agosto a diciembre del año 2020 de manera virtual. Para evaluar la autopercepción del estado periodontal y hábitos de higiene oral se utilizó el autoreporte de enfermedad periodontal, el cual se encuentra validado con un alfa de cronbach de 0.77. Además, se evaluaron otras variables como la edad, sexo, nivel socioeconómico, grado de estudio, consumo de tabaco. Se utilizó la regresión de Poisson con estimador robusto de varianza para la asociación de las variables y se reportaron razones de prevalencia en un modelo crudo y ajustado. El nivel de confianza fue al 95% y el de significancia fue de p <0.05. Resultado: Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la apariencia de encías rojizas y/o hinchadas (RP=0.67; IC 95%:0.25-0.54) y la mala percepción del estado de las encías (RP=0.43; IC 95%:0.33-0.56) con la dieta vegana. Por último, para la dimensión de sangrado de encías durante el cepillado no se observó diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las personas veganas y no veganas.  Conclusiones: Se encontró asociación entre la dieta vegana con las dimesiones apariencia de encías rojizas y/o hinchadas y mala percepción del estado de las encías de la autopercepción del estado periodontal. / Objective: To determine the association between vegan diet and self-perceived periodontal status in the vegan population of Lima Metropolitan, Peru.  Materials and Methods: A total of 240 people (120 vegans and 120 non-vegans) were surveyed in this study during the months of August to December 2020 in virtually way. To evaluate the self-perception of periodontal status and oral hygiene habits, the self-report of periodontal disease was used, which is validated with a cronbach's alpha of 0.77. In addition, other variables such as age, sex, socioeconomic level, educational level, and tobacco consumption were evaluated. . Poisson regression with robust variance estimator was used both for the association of the variables and prevalence ratios were reported in a crude and adjusted model. The confidence level was 95% and the significance level was p <0.05. Result: A statistically significant association was found between the appearance of reddish and / or swollen gums (PR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.25-0.54) and poor perception of the state of the gums (PR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.33-0.56) with the vegan diet. Finally, for the gum bleeding dimension during brushing, no statistically significant differences were observed between vegans and non-vegans. Conclusions: An association was found between the vegan diet with the appearance of reddish and / or swollen gums and poor perception of the state of the gums of the self-perception of the periodontal state. / Tesis

Introduction: Objective: to determine the association between vegan diet and self-perceived periodontal status in a vegan population of Metropolitan Lima, Peru. Materials and methods: a total of 240 people (120 vegans and 120 non-vegans) were surveyed in this study during the months of August to December 2020 in a virtual way. To evaluate self-perception of periodontal status and oral hygiene habits, the self-report of periodontal disease was used, which is validated with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.77. In addition, other variables such as age, sex, socioeconomic level, educational level, and tobacco consumption were registered. A Poisson regression with robust variance estimator was used both for the association of variables, and prevalence ratios were reported in a crude and adjusted model. The confidence level was 95 % and the significance level was p < 0.05. Results and conclusions: a statistically significant association was found between the appearance of reddish and/or swollen gums (PR = 0.67; 95 % CI: 0.25-0.54) and poor perception of the state of the gums (PR = 0.43; 95 % CI: 0.33-0.56) with the vegan diet. Finally, for the gum bleeding dimension during brushing, no statistically significant differences were observed between vegans and non-vegans. / Introducción: Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre la dieta vegana y la autopercepción del estado periodontal en una población vegana de Lima Metropolitana, Perú. Materiales y métodos: un total de 240 personas (120 veganas y 120 no veganas) fueron encuestadas en este estudio durante los meses de agosto a diciembre del año 2020 de manera virtual. Para evaluar la autopercepción del estado periodontal y los hábitos de higiene oral se utilizó el autorreporte de enfermedad periodontal, que se encuentra validado con una alfa de Cronbach de 0,77. Además se registraron otras variables como la edad, el sexo, el nivel socioeconómico, el grado de estudio y el consumo de tabaco. Se utilizó la regresión de Poisson con estimador robusto de la varianza para la asociación de las variables y se reportaron razones de prevalencia en un modelo crudo y ajustado. El nivel de confianza fue del 95 % y el de significancia fue de p < 0,05. Resultados y conclusiones: se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la apariencia de encías rojizas y/o hinchadas (RP = 0,67; IC 95 %: 0,25-0,54) y la mala percepción del estado de las encías (RP = 0,43; IC 95 %: 0,33-0,56) con la dieta vegana. Por último, para la dimensión del sangrado de encías durante el cepillado no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las personas veganas y las no veganas. / Revisión por pares

Bakgrund: Sju till 20 % av den svenska befolkningen har omfattande benförlust och 40 % har kronisk parodontit. Gingivit och viss förlust av tändernas stödjevävnader ses hos nästan alla vuxna. Syfte: Syftet med journalstudien var att beskriva parodontalt status hos patienter som undersökts av tandhygieniststuderande på tandhygienistprogrammet, Högskolan Kristianstad. Metod: En empirisk studie med kvantitativ metod har använts. Data från 103 patientjournaler har sammanställts. Resultat: Resultatet baseras på patienter med en ålder mellan 21-83 år. På patientnivå var medelvärdet för antal tänder 26,2, plackindex 45,7 % och blödningsindex 23,6 %. Tandköttsfickor 5-6 mm var vanligast vid tänderna 48 (13 %) och 38 (11,4 %). Tandköttsfickor &gt;6 mm förekom vanligast vid tänderna 38 (2,3 %) och 26 (2 %). Slutsats: Medelvärdet för plackindex ligger mycket högt (45,7 %) och står inte i proportion till blödningsindex (23,6 %). Tandköttsfickor &gt;6 mm var sällsynt och var vanligast förekommande vid molarer. Tandköttsfickorna tenderade att vara djupare posteriort i munnen och hos äldre individer. / Background: Seven to 20 % of the Swedish population have extensive bone loss and 40 % have chronic periodontitis. Gingivitis and some loss of tooth supporting tissues are seen with almost all adults. Aim: The aim of the journal study was to describe periodontal status in patients who were examined by dental hygiene students at the Dental Hygienist Programme at the University of Kristianstad. Method: An empirical study was done using a quantitative method. Data from 103 patient records were compiled. Result: The result is based on patients between the ages of 21-83. At the patient level, the mean value of teeth was 26,2, plaque index 45,7 % and bleeding index 23,6 %. Periodontal pockets 5-6 mm were most common in the teeth 48 (13 %) and 38 (11,4 %). Periodontal pockets &gt;6 mm were most common in the teeth 38 (2,3 %) and 26 (2 %). Conclusion: The mean plaque index is very high (45,7 %) and is not in proportion to the bleeding index (23,6 %). Periodontal pockets &gt;6 mm were rare and most common at molars. Gingival pockets tended to be deeper posterior in the mouth and in older individuals.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Dentistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / abstract / Dentistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

<p>In the past two decades studies have indicated that oral health might be associated with the prevalence for cardiovascular disease (CVD), although the biological link still remains unknown. Bacteria and inflammatory mediators causing periodontal disease have also been suggested to influence the progression of atherosclerosis.</p><p>The aims of this thesis were to study oral inflammation and associations between different oral health parameters and CVD. </p><p>Inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) as well as bone resorption activity (BRA) were significantly higher in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from sites with periodontal disease compared to healthy sites. Treatment resulted in a reduction of BRA as well as the levels of IL-1 for most of the diseased pockets. The levels of IL-1 were not correlated to the amount of BRA.</p><p>Number of teeth (NT) was consistently associated to CVD and was the only oral health parameter that related to all-cause mortality and mortality in CVD in a dose-dependent manner. Subjects with <10 teeth had a 7-fold increase risk for mortality in coronary heart disease compared to those with >25 teeth. Furthermore, NT was also significantly associated to the levels of leukocytes and to the metabolic syndrome, which consists of a combination of cardiovascular risk factors.</p><p>Other investigated oral health parameters, such as severity of periodontal disease, number of deepened pockets, and bleeding on probing, were not related to CVD in a consistent way.</p><p> Oral health parameters as well as myocardial infarction (MI) were related to serum antibody levels against Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), indicating that Pg might be a link between oral health and MI.</p><p>In conclusion, treatment reduced the increased levels of IL-1 and BRA in GCF from sites with periodontal disease. Oral health was associated to CVD with number of teeth being the only oral health parameter that consistently was associated to CVD. Serum antibody levels against P. gingivalis were related to myocardial infarction (MI) as well as to oral health parameters, suggesting that this bacteria could be a link between oral health and CVD.</p>

La periodontitis es una enfermedad de etiología infecciosa que presenta como síntomas el sangrado e inflamación de encías, movilidad dentaria, recesiones gingivales, en las que diversas enfermedades sistémicas favorecen su progresión. Uno de estos agentes más importantes es Porphyromonas gingivalis, especie bacteriana anaeróbica estricta, Gram negativo. A su vez, el uso de antibióticos sistémicos está indicado sólo en ciertos tipos de periodontitis, y no siempre el tratamiento es exitoso. Hoy en día, tanto en medicina general como odontológica, se está investigando nuevas alternativas de tratamientos antibacterianos, dado el continuo aumento de la resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos convencionales y por las reacciones adversas que estos producen en algunos pacientes. El objetivo principal de este trabajo de investigación es determinar la actividad antibacteriana de un extracto alcohólico de Caesalpinia spinosa “tara” sobre cepas de Porphyromonas gingivalis. Este estudio es de tipo experimental, prospectivo, comparativo e in vitro. Se llevó a cabo en el Laboratorio de Microbiología de la Facultad de Odontología de la UNMSM. Para realizar este estudio se utilizó cepas de Porphyromonas gingivalis previamente identificadas por los laboratorios MICROBIOLOGIC, las cuales fueron importadas a través de una Casa Comercial “GENLAB”. El estudio investigó la actividad antibacteriana, del extracto alcohólico de Caesalpinia spinosa “tara” en cinco concentraciones (6,25 mg/ml; 12,5 mg/ml; 25 mg/ml; 50 mg/ml y 75 mg/ml) sobre la cepa ATCC 33277 Porphyromonas gingivalis mediante el test de difusión en Agar, se encontró que el extracto alcohólico de la Caesalpinia spinosa (tara) posee actividad antibacteriana sobre Porphyromonas gingivalis, aunque entre las cinco concentraciones no existe diferencia significativa.

El propósito de este estudio fue el de determinar los factores de riesgo para caries y enfermedad periodontal y si existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas de niños autistas en comparación con sus hermanos no autistas. El estudio fue de tipo casos y controles transversal, para ello se estudio 16 niños de 3 a 18 años del Centro Ann Sullivan del Perú con diagnostico de Autismo Infantil. El grupo control fueron los hermanos sanos de similar edad. El muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de una ficha tipo encuesta donde se evaluaron los factores para caries dental y enfermedad periodontal además de los Indices CPOD ( Dientes cariados , perdidos, obturados) y el Indice INTPC ( Indice de Necesidades de Tratamiento Periodontal Comunitario). Los factores de riesgo resultantes para caries en autistas fueron: Indice de higiene oral, alteraciones en la oclusión, complicación durante la gestación. Para enfermedad periodontal fueron: Ph salival, Ingesta de carbohidratos, Presencia de restauraciones defectuosas, Tipo de parto. La determinación del riesgo se hizo con el metanálisis de ODDS RATIO de todos los factores utilizando el programa estadístico EPIDAT 3.1 y para la determinación de las diferencias entre ambas poblaciones se utilizó la prueba Chi Cuadrado (p>0,05) mediante el programa estadístico SPSS 12. / The purpose of this study was to determined the risk factors for periodontal disease and dental caries , and if exist stadistical differences between autistic children compared with their no autistic siblings. This study was the transversal control and cases, for this research we saw 16 children between 3 to 18 years old from special center Ann Sullivan from Perú with diagnosis of autism. The control group was the no autistic siblings with the same age. The stadistic study was probably for convenience.The information was recolected used a inquiry index card , the dates was evaluated with the risk factors for periodontal disease and dental caries, also we use the DMFT index and INTPC index. The risk factors in autistic for dental caries founded was : Oral higienic index, oclusal alterations, complications in pregnance. For periodontal disease founded was: Salival ph level, frecuency of dietary carbohidrates, presence of defectuous fillings, type of delivery. The risk determination was doing with the Odds Ratio metanalisys, of all the factors using the statisticall program Epidat 3.1 and for the differences between both populations we use the Chi- Squared test (p>0,05) with the Statisticall program SPSS 12. Only exist Statistical differences in the time pregnancy factor.