Despite widespread health promotion and nutrition education efforts, gaps between official healthy eating messages and people’s actual eating practices persist. There is increasing recognition that emphasizing individual responsibility for eating may have limited applicability in improving people’s health. Many experts advocate that future research on healthy eating should involve exploration of how food practices are shaped by social structures (or determinants) and individual agency. The purpose of this study was to explore the ways in which people engage with food structures to construct everyday notions of healthy eating. ‘Food structures’ draws on the concept of ‘structure,’ described by the social theorist Anthony Giddens, to refer to the range of food rules and resources people draw on. The research was conducted as part of a qualitative study on family food decision-making that included 144 participants from 13 African Nova Scotian, 10 European Nova Scotian, 12 Punjabi British Columbian and 11 European British Columbian families. These groups were chosen for their potential differences in perspectives based on place, ethnocultural background and histories of immigration to Canada. Data collection consisted of individual interviews with three or more family members aged 13 and older, and, with each family, observation of a grocery shopping trip and a family meal. Analysis followed common qualitative procedures including coding, memoing and thematic analysis. Together, the analyses support views that the gaps between official healthy eating messages and people’s eating practices may not be closed by further education about how to eat. Drawing on the theoretical concepts of Anthony Giddens and Michael Foucault, the findings suggest that one way to understand why people eat the way they do and how changes in eating habits occur is to think about the constant exposure to change through everyday, taken-for-granted practices. The findings also suggest that further healthy eating discourses may require more reflection with respect to the roles of nutrition educators and the social roles/autonomy of people in goals for health and well-being. Dietary goals for the population cannot be considered as isolated scientific objectives without taking into consideration how healthy eating discourses provide social standards beyond messages about healthy eating.

Darbo objektas: rekreacinių paslaugų perspektyvos. Darbo tikslas: įvertinti rekreacinių paslaugų perspektyvas Zarasų rajone. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Aptarti teorinę rekreacijos sampratą ir paslaugų turinį. 2. Apibūdinti teikiamas rekreacines paslaugas Zarasų rajone. 3. Įvertinti rekreacinių paslaugų Zarasų rajone perspektyvas. Darbo raktiniai žodžiai: rekreacija, perspektyvos, paslaugos. Darbo išvados: 1. Rekreacija, tai procesas, kuriame dalyvauja žmogus. Tai fizinių, dvasinių jėgų atgavimas. Rekreacijos pagrindinės dalys yra šios: biologinė, fiziologinė, psichologinė, socialinė, emocinė, kultūrinė – dvasinė rekreacija. Rekreacijos formos yra įvairios, tačiau pagrindinės yra – aktyvios ir pasyvios, pirmuoju atveju svarbus organizatorių vaidmuo, antruoju – sukurta aplinka. Rekreacinių paslaugų turinį sudaro trys svarbiausi blokai: būtinosios paslaugos, papildomos paslaugos, infrastruktūros paslaugos. 2. Zarasuose rekreacinės paslaugos yra šios: šiltuoju metų laikotarpiu Zarasuose rekreantai daugiausiai renkasi poilsį prie ežerų. Šaltuoju metų laikotarpiu – naudojasi SPA teikiamomis paslaugomis, bei pirčių kompleksų teikiamomis paslaugomis. Daugiausiai rekreacinės paslaugos yra naudojamos vasaros metu. 3. Vertinant rekreacinių paslaugų Zarasų rajone perspektyvas, išaiškėjo, jog labai perspektyvi yra apgyvendinimo paslauga, nes vienu metu Zarasuose gali apsistoti tik 86 žmonės. Tyrimo metu paaiškėjo, jog jaučiamas didelis trūkumas maitinimo vietų prie vandens telkinių, kadangi... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object: perspectives of the recreational services. Objective: to evaluate the perspectives of the recreational services in the Zarasai area. Goals: 1. To discuss theoretical concept of recreation and content of the services. 2. To describe recreational services of the Zarasai are. 3. To evaluate the perspectives of the recreational services in the Zarasai area. Key words: recreation, perspectives, services. Evaluation: 1. Recreation is a process in which a human takes place. It is a recovery of a physical and spiritual power. Main parts of recreation are these: biological, physiological, psychological, social, emotional, cultural – spiritual recreation. There are various forms of recreation; however the main ones are active and passive. In the first case the important is the role of organizer and in the second case – created environment. Content of the recreational services is made up of three most important blocks: necessary services, extra services, infrastructure services. 2. Recreational services in Zarasai area: during the warm seasons recreants choose a rest near the lakes. During cold seasons – using SPA and sauna services. Majority of the recreational services are being used in summer. 3. Evaluating perspectives of recreational services in Zarasai in came clear that accommodation services are very perspective, because Zarasai can only accommodate 86 people at once. Research showed a lack of caterers next to water areas as there are only a few caterers in the city... [to full text]

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur barnperspektivet används i det dagliga arbetet. Avsikten är också att undersöka hur barnens inflytande ser ut över de beslut som fattas kring deras livssituation. Studien genomfördes genom intervjuer med socialsekreterare på socialtjänsten. Teorin som användes är systemteori, även barnperspektivet och ett teoretiskt perspektiv på dominansförhållanden i samtal med barn tillämpas. Med hjälp av ovan nämnda teorier och teoretiska perspektiv analyseras och förklaras hur socialsekreterarna använder barnperspektivet. Resultatet visar att socialsekreterarna använder barnperspektivet i begränsad omfattning men att det finns en ambition att alltid utgå från barnets bästa. / The aim of this study is to examine how social workers use the child’s perspective in their daily work. The purpose is also to examine how the children are able to influence the decisions made about their lives. The study is conducted using a qualitative approach. The theory used is system theory and two theoretical perspectives: children’s perspective and the fact that there is a dominance relationship in conversations with children. The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that social workers use children's perspective on a limited basis but there is an ambition to always proceed in a manner on the child’s best.

The perspectives of New Zealand parents of children with Down syndrome regarding their children’s experience of school were explored in the present analysis, based on a study carried out by the Champion Centre, an early intervention service in Christchurch, New Zealand. Participants were 137 parents of children with Down syndrome who had experienced the New Zealand formal education system. They took part in a survey, designed to explore the outcomes and achievements of individuals with Down syndrome in New Zealand. The results of the present analysis indicated that parents are typically satisfied with the experience their children with Down syndrome have of school. It highlighted considerable variation in the experiences they have of school, but also emphasised some general trends and themes. Such efforts to clarify individual as well as shared characteristics and experiences among children with Down syndrome will contribute to ongoing efforts to enhance their experience of school and consequently, their active, valued participation in the classroom, school, and society in general.

Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka elevers syn på undervisning och lärande. Undersökningen visar vad elever tycker är bra lektioner och när de tycker att de lär sig bäst, samt undersökt detta i relation till skolans styrdokument. Anledningen till detta är att skolans läroplan tillsammans med Skolverkets Allmänna råd ger lärare råd om hur de bör planera och genomföra undervisning för att nå bästa resultat med våra elever. Undersökningen är kvantitativ i form av en enkätundersökning som genomförts som totalundersökning på en gymnasieskola i en mindre kommun i Sverige. Enkäten består av påståenden om undervisning och lärande och är konstruerad utifrån en begreppsdefinition som bygger på svensk skolas styrdokument och aktuell forskning. Resultaten visar att elever lyfter fram tydlighet och relationer som viktigast för god undervisning och effektivt lärande. Undervisningsmetoder framstår som minst viktiga. Resultaten tyder också på att eleverna i stort upplever samma faktorer som avgörande för undervisning och lärande som våra styrdokument förespråkar. / This paper aims to investigate pupil’s views on teaching and learning. I look at what pupils think are good lessons and place this in context with the Swedish school systems steering documents, such as curriculum and general advice from the education authorities; Skolverket. The method of this paper is a quantitative survey including the entire population of pupils at one Swedish upper secondary school in a smaller municipality. The survey consists of statements about teaching and learning constructed from a definition of good teaching based on the Swedish school systems steering documents and current research. The results show that pupils value understanding and relationships as most important for good teaching and effective learning. Methods of teaching are considered as the least important. The results also show that the pupils in large value the same factors as do our steering documents.

In this thesis, I explore the tensions and contradictions of being African, feminist and activist within sexual and gender minority social movements. I ask how an African activist with multiple backgrounds negotiates the different personal and political landscapes, tensions she encounters, as well as the implications this has for activism work. This study is meant to complement the growing body of activism publications, which, though varied and rich, tend to shy away from depicting and critically analyzing the internal problems experienced in groups, because of differences of ideological perspectives, backgrounds and power differentials. Using an autoethnographic methodology I analyse how a lesbian feminist activist, engages in self-reflections on life outlook, belonging, art and contentious online African and international activism. My materials include extracts of email conversations within two online discussions, my own art pieces and memories of my experiences. The theoretical framework includes situated partial perspectives, disidentification and unlearning. My analysis shows that my situated Kenyan - Swedish backgrounds have affected not only my art, but my thought processes which in turn affect how I engage in different activist contexts. Tensions and contradictions with other activists show how ideological differences, situated perspectives, age and power differentials determine the outcome of some activism agendas. My findings also suggest that activism encounters can lead to partial affective distancing, disidentifications, multiplicitous and holographic identities. Furthermore our origins, and experiences matter a lot in shaping our feminism ideals and ways of working. These ways of working reveal various instances of oppression, subjugation and privilege, effected by maternal affiliations, online invisibility, ethnic and indigenous identities and language. In conclusion, I argue that much more self-reflection, self-revelation, accommodation for individual differences and analysis of our ways of oppressing is required, for activism work to be successful and mutually beneficial.

The following analysis is based on a case study of three years duration (1983-1986), and focuses on a physical education department at a large English comprehensive school which became involved in a teacher initiated curriculum innovation when a new Head of Department was appointed in September 1983. The research process was guided by the grounded theory approach, and the use of prolonged observation coupled with reflexive interviews allowed the emergent concerns of the teachers in relation to the innovation to be made evident, as competing definitions of both subject paradigm and pedagogy clashed. Within the department, several micropolitical strategies were constructed to cope with the pressures of change, which legitimised a dislocation between the 'classroom' and 'educational' contexts of the school, allowing some of the teachers to deflect the implications of the innovation for their own practice. It is suggested that the strategies employed by teachers arise within the social context of the school as a work place that provides, dilemmas, opportunities and possibilities within which the teacher constructs, modifies and abandons coping strategies to enhance both long and short term self interests.

The topic of this thesis is “Gender Differences in Computer games/ Video games Industry”. Due to rapid development in technology and popularization of computers all around the world, computer games have already become a kind of common entertainment. Because computer games were designed especially for boys at the very beginning, there are still some remaining barriers when training female game designers and expanding game markets among female players.This thesis is mainly based on two studies which have enormous contributions to gender issue in computer games area. A simple model is established by summarizing factors mentioned and discussed in those two books. The main purpose consists of two comparisons under Gender Differences: one comparison is between the current data with the previous one, in order to check whether there are any changes during the past 10 years. The other one compares the young people in two regions, Sweden and China, in computer games perspective.Model designing, test, questionnaire and interview methods are used in this paper aiming to collect and categorize the data, which facilitates to analyze the results of the comparisons. The results reflect that although computer becomes a familiar “friend” in modern daily life, there are not obvious changes of girls‟ perspectives in computer game industry. Certainly, there are some differences between the young people coming from two regions which will be expounded in the thesis.

The centrality of the thesis is the impact upon the individual Greek migrant who chose to leave his place of birth by emigrating, repatriating, and subsequently re-emigrating, and how the surreptitious nature of acculturation alters perceptions and thoughts. The causes of such migratory translocations will be analyzed within the sociocultural and historicoeconomic conditions that appertained at the time the decisions were taken to deracinate oneself. The study will provide an analysis of diachronic Hellenic migration and Australian immigration policies (since its inception as a federated state). There will also be an analysis of Australia�s diachronic and dedicated immigration control mechanisms since federation, its various post-immigration integration policies of immigrants, the mass immigration program activated in the post-WWII period, and the adoption and incorporation of multiculturalism as the guiding force in migrant selection and integration. Australia�s history, its cultural inheritance, its socioeconomic development, and its attraction as a receiving country of immigrants are analyzed, as are Australia�s xenophobia and racism at its inception, and how these twin social factors influenced its immigration program. The study examines limitations placed upon social intercourse, employment opportunities, and other hindrances to Greek (and other non-British migrants) immigrants because of Australia�s adoption of restrictive, racially-based immigration policies. The study focuses upon the under-development of Hellas in the first half of the twentieth century, its high unemployment and under-employment rates, and the multiple other reasons, aside form unemployment, which forced thousands of Hellenes to seek an alternative (for a better life) through internal or external migration. Particular emphasis will be placed upon historic occasions in Greece�s history and the influence of foreign powers upon internal Greek politics. The motivations for each distinct stage of translocation, in the lives of the respondents, will be examined within the ambit of social, cultural, economic, and historical context, which will place emphasis on the socioeconomic development of Hellas, the development of Hellenic Diaspora, Australia�s development as a receiving immigrant country, and the effects of acculturation and nostalgia upon first-generation Greek-Australians. Given that the thesis is based upon personal recollections and detailed information that span decades of the respondents� lives, the thesis is divided into four parts for greater clarity and comprehension: the first examines respondents� lives in region of birth, their families� economic, educational, and social environment, scholastic achievements by respondents, employment status, future prospects, religiosity, hopes and aspirations, and reasons for seeking to migrate. The second part examines respondents� lives in Australia, within the contextuality of accommodation, employment, family creation, social adaptation, language acquisition, attitude towards unionism and religion, expectations about Australia, and reasons for repatriating. The third part analyzes repatriation and life in Greece through resettlement, accommodation, children�s schooling and adaptation, relatives� and friends� attitude, disappointments, and longing for things Australian, while it also examines re-emigratory causes and the disillusionment suffered through repatriation. The final part assesses resettlement in Australia, and all associated social, economic, and environmental aspects, as well as respondents� children�s readaptation to different lifestyle and educational system. The thesis concludes with recommendations for possible further studies associated with the thesis� nature.

Syfte: Syftet är att skapa förståelse för hur offentliga sjukvårdsorganisationer har anpassat Balanced Scorecard med avseende på kund- och ekonomiperspektiv. Metod: Studien har genomförts utifrån en kvalitativ forskningsmetod. Studien har inspireratsav ett hermeneutiskt synsätt. Data har samlats in från ett dussin intervjuer som sedan analyserats med hjälp av tidigare forskning. Resultat & slutsats: Balanced Scorecard är begränsad i sin utformning p.g.a. politikerna. Styrkortets ekonomiska perspektiv är lika viktig som de andra perspektiven men perspektivet är begränsat eftersom sjukvården inte kan påverka budget. Kundperspektivet fokuserar på nationella riktlinjer där väntetider har fått ett stort fokus. Förslag till fortsattforskning: Studien har endast utförts inom ett landsting i Sverige och därför anser vi att fortsatta studier skulle kunna utforska hur andra sjukhus inom andra landsting har anpassat sitt styrkort. Uppsatsens bidrag: Studien bidrar med att stärka tidigare forskning kring vilka perspektiv somanvänds inom den offentliga sjukvården samt hur den offentliga sjukvården använder ekonomi och kundperspektivet. / Aim: The aim is to create an understanding of how public health organizations have adapted the Balanced Scorecard with regard to customer and economics perspective. Method: The study was conducted based on a qualitative research method. The study was inspired by a hermeneutic approach. Data were collected from 12 interviews which then were analyzed with help of previous research. Result & Conclusions: The Balanced Scorecard is limited in its design because of the politicians. The economic perspective is as important as the other perspectives but the perspective is limited because the health care can not affect the budget. The customer perspective focuses on national guidelines where waiting times have been a major focus. Suggestions for future research: The study only includes studies within one county council and we therefore believe that future studies could explore how other hospitals in other county councils have adapted their scorecards.