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Correção o de PCR em processadores de fluxos de transporte MPEG-2Avino, Heitor Judiss 25 September 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012-09-25 / Não informada / Currently, the MPEG-2 transport stream is widely used as multiplexing system for
sending audio, video, and data, in digital television networks. The transmitted infor-
mation is divided into xed-length pa
kets, whi
h are multiplexed in time and then
sent to the re
eiver. In order to ensure the
orre
t presentation of data related to a
given program (e.g., audio and video), the transport stream
an provide time bases,
whi
h are used for syn
hronizing the re
eption system. However, that information,
whi
h is known as Program Clo
k Referen
e (PCR) and is also periodi
ally embedded
in the multiplexed data stream, may su er from ina
ura
ies, due to the pro
essing
hain between transmitter and re
eiver, whi
h
an be per
eived in the form of jitter.
In order to prevent that errors
aused by the transport stream pro
essing
hain, whi
h
ompromises the proper presentation of the transmitted information, PCR
orre
tion
methods are normally employed. This work presents a review of the PCR
orre
-
tion methods
ommonly used in the literature and introdu
es two new
ontributions.
The rst one
onsists of a shared a
ess stru
ture for the
orre
tion blo
k, whi
h has
the potential to provide a redu
ed
omputational
omplexity (in terms of arithmeti
operations) and hardware requirements, when used with traditional PCR
orre
tion
methods. The se
ond one devises an intelligent method for PCR
orre
tion, whose
main feature lies on the redu
tion of the jitter
aused by the
orre
tion pro
ess. Its
ar
hite
ture is based on the
ooperative operation of the main modules involved in this
pro
ess: the rate adapter and the PCR
orre
tor. In spite of presenting a higher
om-
plexity, its superior performan
e favors the syn
hronization pro
ess, performed by the
re
eiver, whi
h makes it suitable for pre
ise time-bases demanding systems. The pro-
posed methodologies are
ombined, whi
h provides a
omplete and e
ient framework
for pro
essing MPEG-2 transport streams. / Atualmente, o fluxo de transporte MPEG-2 é amplamente utilizado
como
chamada de
transporte para a multiplexação de programas que
arregam áudio, vídeo e dados, em
redes de televisão digital. As informações transmitidas são divididas em pa
otes de
tamanho xo, multiplexadas no tempo e então enviadas ao re
eptor. Para que os da-
dos de um mesmo programa sejam apresentados
orretamente e em sin
ronismo (e.g.
áudio e vídeo), o uxo de transporte permite a in
orporação de bases de tempo, que
são utilizadas na sin
ronização do sistema de re
epção. Entretanto, essa informação,
onhe
ida
omo Program Clo
k Referen
e (PCR) e inserida periodi
amente no feixe
multiplexado, pode sofrer erros, observados na forma de jitter, devido à
adeia de pro-
essamento entre transmissor e re
eptor. Dessa forma, para se evitar que o erro inserido
pelo pro
essamento do uxo de transporte prejudique a apresentação da informação
enviada, métodos de
orreção de PCR são geralmente utilizados. Este trabalho apre-
senta um estudo sobre os métodos de
orreção de PCR mais utilizados na literatura
e introduz duas novas
ontribuições. A primeira
onsiste em uma estrutura de a
esso
ompartilhado para o blo
o de
orreção, que tem o poten
ial de propor
ionar
ara
terís-
ti
as reduzidas de
omplexidade
omputa
ional (quantidade de operações aritméti
as)
e requisitos de hardware, quando utilizada em
onjunto
om métodos tradi
ionais de
orreção de PCR. A segunda
onsiste em um método inteligente para a
orreção de
PCR,
uja prin
ipal
ara
terísti
a é a redução do erro inserido pelo pro
esso de
orre-
ção. A sua arquitetura é baseada na operação
ooperativa dos dois prin
ipais agentes
envolvidos nesse pro
esso: os módulos de adaptação de taxa e de
orreção de PCR.
Apesar de apresentar maior
omplexidade
omputa
ional, o seu desempenho superior
fa
ilita o pro
esso de sin
ronização, exe
utado pelo re
eptor, o que o torna bastante
adequado a sistemas que exigem bases de tempo pre
isas. As metodologias propostas
são utilizadas em
onjunto, propor
ionando um esquema integrado e e
iente para o
pro
essamento de uxos de transporte MPEG-2.
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[en] THE INTEGRATION OF ERGONOMIC REQUIREMENTS AT SHOES INDUSTRY: A MODEL TO INCREASE THE HEALTHINESS OF PEOPLE WITH DIABETIC FEET / [pt] A INCORPORAÇÃO DE REQUISITOS ERGONÔMICOS NA INDÚSTRIA CALÇADISTA: UM MODELO EM PROL DA SAÚDE DOS DIABÉTICOSROSA LIDICE DE MORAES VALIM 06 October 2006 (has links)
[pt] Esta dissertação apresenta os resultados de pesquisa sobre
um modelo para
incorporação de requisitos ergonômicos na indústria
calçadista em prol da saúde
dos diabéticos. Pretende-se que o modelo aqui apresentado
beneficie, por
extensão, a pacientes atingidos por outras patologias que
também geram
problemas neuropáticos e vasculares periféricos (pacientes
com problemas renais,
hipertensos, indivíduos afetados por complicações
decorrentes do tabagismo, etc).
Através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, formulários e
questionários foram
obtidas informações junto diferentes grupos envolvidos
diretamente com a
problemática do Pé Diabético. A análise destes dados
demonstrou que grande
parte dos modelos de calçados, encontrados nas lojas do
Rio de Janeiro, propicia
traumas repetitivos aos pés de pessoas com problemas de
neuropatia diabética
sensitiva nos pés (ou sensibilidade comprometida nos pés
por causa do diabetes,
que ocorre quando as células nervosas da região deixam de
conduzir as
informações relativas aos estímulos sensitivos da forma
adequada) devido a
problemas de projetação/design (palmilha mal projetada,
costuras internas
salientes ou solados duros demais). E, uma vez que
diabéticos tendem a ter lenta
cicatrização em virtude de deficiente circulação
periférica gerada pela doença,
qualquer ferida torna-se mais do que um simples problema
passageiro, torna-se
um perigo real à saúde. Este estudo revelou-se
interdisciplinar, na medida em que
seu campo permeou outras áreas do saber para conjugar
informações relacionadas
à problemática do Pé Diabético. Trabalhou-se aqui com o
seguinte problema:
diabéticos são prejudicados pela maioria dos calçados
produzidos para o mercado
brasileiro, que não levam em consideração questões
ergonômicas, físicas, ou
mesmo cognitivas relacionadas ao diabetes no momento de
sua produção. / [en] This dissertation presents the results of a research that
lead to a theoretical
model proposing the integration of ergonomic requirements
at shoes´ industry in
order to increase the healthiness of people with diabetic
feet. It´s expected that the
model here presented benefits, by extension, also patients
injured by other
pathologies that causes neuropathycs or vascular
peripheryc problems: patients
with kidney problems, hypertensives, people affected by
complications caused by
tobacco addiction, etc. Formularies, questionnaires, and
semi structured
interviews supported the data collection that was done.
Different groups were
interviewed, all of them directed related with the
diabetic feet problem. The data
analysis presented evidences that most part of the shoes
available in Rio de
Janeiro might be able to cause repetitive traumas to
neuropathyc feet of diabetic
problem (lack of sensibility at the feet, because of the
diabetes, happens when
nervous stop conducting information related to sensitive
stimulation in a healthy
way), because of projetation/design (midsoles not well
developed, thick internal
sews or too hard outsoles). And, once diabetics are
predisposed to have deficient
peripheryc circulation any wound might become more then
just a simple problem,
might become a real danger. The study here presented
reassured its
interdisciplinaryti once extended its exploratory field to
other areas with the
purpose of merging related information regarding diabetic
feet. The following
problem guided this research: Diabetics are damaged by
most part of the shoes
produced for the internal market, because they don´t take
in consideration
ergonomic, cognitive or physical issues regarding diabetes
during production.
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Possibilities and Limitations of using Production Waste PET and PES materials in Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing Technology)Gopathi, Pranay, Surve, Pratik January 2017 (has links)
No description available.
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Kinetics and Reaction Mechanisms for Methylidyne Radical Reactions with Small HydrocarbonsRibeiro, Joao Marcelo Lamim 07 November 2016 (has links)
The chemical evolution with respect to time of complex macroscopic mixtures such as interstellar clouds and Titan’s atmosphere is governed via a mutual competition between thousands of simultaneous processes, including thousands of chemical reactions. Chemical kinetic modeling, which attempts to understand their macroscopic observables as well as their overall reaction mechanism through a detailed understanding of their microscopic reactions and processes, thus require thousands of rate coefficients and product distributions. At present, however, just a small fraction of these have been well-studied and measured; in addition, at the relevant low temperatures, such information becomes even more scarce. Due to the recent developments in both theoretical kinetics as well as in ab initio electronic structure calculations, it is now possible to predict accurate reaction rate coefficients and product distributions from first-principles at various temperatures, often in less time, than through the running of an experiment. Here, the results of a first principles theoretical investigation into both the reaction rate coefficients as well as the final product distributions for the reactions between the ground state CH radical (X2Π) and various C1-C3 hydrocarbons is presented; together, these constitute a set of reactions important to modeling efforts relevant to mixtures such as interstellar clouds and Titan’s atmosphere.
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Toughening of highly crosslinked epoxy resin systemsStein, Jasmin January 2013 (has links)
Highly crosslinked epoxy resin systems are essential in aerospace applications due to the high operating temperatures. Although highly crosslinked epoxy resins have the required glass transition temperature (Tg) for the application, they are inherently brittle and matrix toughness is improved by incorporation of a second phase. Previous studies have focused mostly on toughening of lightly crosslinked epoxy systems, whereas this study investigates toughening of a highly crosslinked epoxy resin system using thermoplastic toughners poly(ether sulfone) (PES) and a poly(methyl methacrylate)-b- poly(butyl acrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (MAM) block copolymer (BCP).
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Estudo da distribuição da pressão plantar e do equilibrio corporal em corredores de longa distancia / Study of plantar pressure distribution and body balance in long distance runnersSchmidt, Ademir 17 October 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Antonia Dalla Pria Bankoff / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T02:53:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Schmidt_Ademir_D.pdf: 56451276 bytes, checksum: 5b096a2973998a3ce6ed8b83c8ddc707 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: As corridas de longa distância, sejam de caráter competitivo ou de promoção da saúde, geram cargas compressivas consideráveis no sistema locomotor. Essas cargas, se não adequadamente distribuídas, predispõem os praticantes a lesões crônicas e agudas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar a distribuição da pressão plantar e do equilíbrio corporal em corredores de longa distância. Participaram do estudo 17 corredores de longa distância do sexo masculino com idade X = 28,5 :t 9,5 anos, peso X = 63,6 :t 6,9 Kg e altura X = 173,5 :t 7,0 cm. A seleção dos sujeitos foi feita segundo critérios de acessibilidade. Para o estudo da distribuição da pressão plantar e do equiHbrio corporal, foi utilizado um baropodômetro eletrônico para realizar uma análise estática, dinâmica (andando e correndo) e uma análise estabilométrica. Os três testes
foram realizados com os corredores inicialmente descalços e posteriormente utilizando seu tênis de corrida. Além da análise baropodométrica, os sujeitos responderam um questionário contendo 23 perguntas sobre sua rotina de treino, índice de lesões sofridas, distância percorrida semanalmente, dentre outras. Na análise estatística utilizou-se o teste paramétrico t-Student para
grupos independentes. Os resultados da análise baropodométrica estática dos corredores demonstraram distribuição assimétrica da carga entre os membros inferiores, com maior carga direcionada para a parte anterior do pé direito. A distribuição da pressão plantar revelou maior carga na parte anterior do pé esquerdo nos testes dinâmicos com os corredores descalços,
enquanto que nos testes com o calçado esportivo não foram detectadas diferenças significantes. Foi constatado que os corredores avaliados realizam o contato pé-solo predominantemente com a parte anterior do pé. O uso do calçado esportivo não apresentou nenhuma interferência específica nos testes realizados. A oscilação do centro de pressão foi maior nos testes monopodálicos. O estudo do equilíbrio corporal demonstrou significativa dependência do sistema visual e tendência de maior oscilação do centro de pressão no eixo X / Abstract: Long distance running as a competitive way or even to promote health produces considerable compressive load on the locomotor system. If this load is not properly distributed, it makes practitioners prone to chronic and acute injuries. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to study the plantar pressure distribution and body balance in long distance runners. In total 17 male long distance runners were considered for this study with age X = 28.5 :t 9.5, weight X = 63.6 :t 6.9 kg and height X = 173.5 :t 7.0 cm. The selection of individuaIs was done by following
accessibility criteria. To perform the study ofthe plantar pressure distribution and body balance an electronic baropodometer was used. The baropodometric tests comprised a static, a dynamic (walking and running) and a stabilometric analysis. All tests were performed initially barefoot
and afterwards with the runners wearing their running shoes. The individuaIs also responded to a 23 question survey about their practice routine, injury incidence, distance performed during the week and so forth. A parametric t-Student test for independent groups was used for the statistic analysis. The results of the static baropodometric analysis showed asymmetric pressure distribution between the lower extremities, with greater pressure directed to the right forefoot. The plantar pressure distribution reveled grater load directed to the left forefoot in the dynamic
tests performed with the sport running shoes, meanwhile no significant differences were detected in the barefoot tests. The results also demonstrated that the runners evaluated in this study were predominantly forefoot strikers. The running shoes did not show any specific influence on the tests results. Oscillation of the center of pressure was greater in the unilateral tests. The body balance study revealed significant visual system dependence and a tendency of greater oscillations ofthe center ofpressure on the X-axis / Doutorado / Ciencia do Desporto / Doutor em Educação Física
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Understanding interfaces in thin-film solar cells using photo electron spectroscopy. : Effect of post-deposition treatment on composition of the solar cell absorber.Hansson, Henrik January 2019 (has links)
The increasing demand of renewable energy is the big driving force for the research and development of more efficient solar energy conversion solutions. Solar cells, which use the photovoltaic effect to convert the photon energy to electrical current, are an important solar energy conversion technique. One solar cell technology is thin-film solar cells. Thin-film solar cells use an absorption layer with a direct band gap. A direct band gap has the advantage that the photons will penetrate less deep until a photoexcitation occur compared to semiconductors with an indirect band gap (e.g. silicon). For this reason the thin-film solar cells can be made very thin.CIGS is a common thin-film solar cell absorber material containing copper (Cu), indium (In), gallium (Ga) and selenium (Se). One objective of this work has been to determine element concentrations of CIGS absorption layers from sample measurements. The GGI ratio determines the band gap, which is an important factor for optimising the efficiency of the solar cell.1 The copper vacancy is the main acceptor dopant in CIGS. The Cu concentration has shown to be important for the efficiency and for other properties of the absorber [2].The measuring technique used in this work has been photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). PES produces a spectrum showing distinct peaks corresponding to electron binding energy levels for specific element subshells. Measurements with different photon energies have been performed on samples with and without post deposition treatment (PDT). A great deal of the effort has been to calculate relative element concentrations based on the PES peak intensities. Two important parameters when performing the calculations are the photoionization cross section (including the angular dependence of the cross section) and the inelastic mean free path of the photoelectrons.The results show that the GGI and the corresponding band gap will be almost the same with and without PDT except for close to the surface where PDT lowers the GGI.The calculations showed that the copper concentration is lowest at the surface. Moreover, PDT with RbF results in lower copper concentration closer to the junction.The results show a discrepancy of the GGI and CGI ratios when using the angular dependent cross sections in [10] and [11] compared to using the cross sections in [6] and [7]. / Det ökande behovet av förnybar energi gör att forskning och utveckling av solenergilösningar är av största vikt. Solceller, vilka utnyttjar den fotovoltaiska effekten, är den vanligaste tekniken för omvandling av solenergi till elektricitet. Tunnfilmssolceller är en typ av solceller vars absorbent har ett direkt bandgap, till skillnad från kisel som har ett indirekt bandgap. Fördelen med ett direkt bandgap är att det ljusabsorberande materialet kan göras mycket tunt.En vanlig tunnfilmssolcell är CIGS. Det är en komposit bestående av koppar (Cu), indium (In), gallium (Ga) och selen (Se). Ett syfte med detta självständiga arbete har varit att beräkna koncentrationerna av de ingående ämnena i halvledarskiktet av CIGS. GGI-kvoten bestämmer bandgapet, vilket är en viktig faktor för solcellens verkningsgrad. Kopparvakansen är den huvudsakliga halvledaracceptorn i CIGS. Kopparkoncentrationen har visat sig vara viktig för bl.a. solcellens verkningsgrad [2].Mättekniken som används i detta arbete kallas fotoelektronspektroskopi (PES). PES-mätningar ger ett spektrum där spektrallinjerna representerar olika nivåer av elektroners bindningsenergi för olika grundämnen. Mätningar med olika fotonenergier, på prover med och utan ytbehandling (PDT), har utförts. En stor del av arbetet har varit att beräkna relativa koncentrationer av de olika grundämnena från spektrallinjerna i spektrumet. Viktiga parametrar som man behöver ta hänsyn till i uträkningarna är sannolikheten för en fotoemissionsprocess hos fotonerna, vinkelberoendet och den fria medelväglängden hos fotoelektronerna.Resultaten visar att GGI-kvot och bandgap blir nästan detsamma med eller utan PDT, förutom närmast ytan där PDT minskar GGI-kvoten.Resultaten visar också att kopparkoncentrationen är lägst på ytan och att PDT med RbF minskar kopparkoncentrationen närmast ytan.Resultaten visar att det blir skillnader mellan GGI- och CGI-kvoterna beroende på om beräkningarna baserats på vinkelberoende träffytor enligt [10] och [11] eller baserats på träffytor enligt [6] och [7].
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Pes ve veřejném prostoru / Dog in a public space. Negotiating "more than human" public spaceBaños Pittnerová, Daniela January 2015 (has links)
The thesis deals with the presence of a dog in the city, specifically in the public space and the research itself is aimed at negotiating "more than human" public space. The presence of animals in the human world causes conflicts about the "right" place of this animal, whether is place conceptual or physical. The work takes the form of a case study, where I chose for research borough of Prague 2 and on particular cases of negotiation, I watched how each party tries to affect a form of public space. Through qualitative analysis I uncover the key points of negotiation by which I learn how the different parties understand the presence of a dog in a public space, on what basis is constantly negotiates form of residence and movement of the dog in this specific area. I have used several techniques of qualitative research, especially analysis of available documents, semi-structured interviews and participant observation. Data was analyzed using open coding. In the end the thesis answers to research questions, formulate recommendations and open debate.
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Referenční význam slov při komunikaci člověka a psa / Reference meaning of words in human-dog communicationStemmerová, Lucia January 2018 (has links)
In recent twenty years dogs have become model subjects of comparing studies. These experiments show us that specific cognitive skills have developed during their domestication as an adaptation to anthropomorphic environment. For example dogs can follow human gaze and understand gestures. An important topic of today researches are linguistic skills of dogs. Knowledge from this area would help to discover more from evolution processes which formed human language. Last studies have proven dogs can distinguish a new object by a fast mapping. But when distinguishing two new objects, dogs had problems. That is why I decided to verify if dogs are able to remember two new words and match them with correct objects during one session. For this experiment I worked on a new methodical procedure and used three border collies dogs. The results showed that after some training dogs were able to correctly distinguish two new words in case the experimentalist stood in front of them and they used multisenzorial perception. In case they had only one communication source (visual or acoustic), they made more mistakes. The results show that functional reactions of dogs to human vocalization are getting better if they can use visual and acoustic source in one time during an interspecies communication. Key words: dog,...
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Dobrovolník - předvychovatel v České republice a Spojených státech amerických / A Volunteer - Puppy Raiser in the Czech Republich and the United States of AmericaLuksa, Linda January 2020 (has links)
This master thesis introduces a form of volunteering which is not well known to the public, so-called puppy raising of guide dogs for the visually impaired. This phenomenon is introduced on the background of a comparison of two civil society service organizations, one based in the Czech Republic and the other in the United States of America. These organizations both come from a different type of civil society but have many similarities as well. At the end of this thesis, the results found through qualitative research are presented, where these data were gained through interviews, documents, but also by participatory observation directly in the respective organizations.
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