Introduction:  Migraine is a chronic neurological disease, partly hereditery. One non-pharmacological alternative treatment is yoga, whose effects have been investigated in a few scientific studies. No one has in a scientific studie investigated the effect of medical yoga for patients with migraine. Aim: The primary aim was to investigate if medical yoga in combination with pharmcological treatment could have an effect on headache frequency, intensity, and/or duration for patients with episodic and chronic migraine. Method: A pilot study, with SSED-design, with seven patients. Everyone had different long baselines before intervention. The intervention was a period of sex weeks of medical yoga. A headache diary with frequency, intensity and duration was conducted throughout the study period. Results: For two patients (patient two and six) the number of days with migraine reduced, effectsize (ES) 0,50 and 0,39 respectively. For four the freguence increased. The experience of pain decreased for two patients, increased for three and unchanged for one. The duration of migraine is reduced for one patient (patient seven) and increased for five. Some are improved in secondary outcome measures. Conclusion: At present, the intervention can possibly be used for patients who are similar to the individuals who had effect of the intervention and are interested in medical yoga as a self-care, but further studies are needed, as well as larger studies to be able to generalize to the migraine group. / Introduktion: Migrän är en kronisk neurologisk sjukdom, delvis ärftlig. En icke farmakologisk alternativ behandling är yoga, vars effekter har undersökts i några få vetenskapliga studier, men ingen har i en vetenskaplig studie undersökt effekten av MediYoga för patienter med migrän. Syfte: Primärt syfte var att undersöka om MediYoga i tillägg till farmakologisk behandling kunde ha effekt på huvudvärksfrekvens, intensitet och/eller duration hos patienter med episodisk och kronisk migrän. Metod: Pilotstudie med SSED-upplägg, och multipel baslinjedesign med totalt sju patienter. Alla hade olika långa baslinjer innan intervention. Interventionen var sex veckors Mediyoga. Huvudvärksdagbok med frekvens, intensitet och duration fördes under hela studietiden. Rultat: För två patienter (patient två och sex) minskade antalet dagar med migrän, effektstorlek (ES) 0,50 respektive 0,39. För fyra ökade frekvensen. Upplevelsen av smärta minskade för två patienter, och ökade för tre samt oförändrad för en. Durationen av migrän minskade för en patient (patient sju) och ökade för fem. Några förbättrades i sekundära utfallsmått. Slutsats: I dagsläget kan interventionen möjligen nyttjas för enstaka patienter som liknar de individer som haft effekt av interventionen och är intresserade av MediYoga som egenvård, men det behövs ytterligare, samt större studier för att kunna generalisera till gruppen migräniker.

Bakgrund: Cancerpatienter som genomgår cytostatikabehandling får ofta biverkningar i form av illamående och kräkningar. Ett långvarigt illamående kan ge upphov till både psykiska och fysiska konsekvenser, som ett försämrat allmäntillstånd, minskad livskvalitet och minskat välbefinnande. De antiemetika läkemedlen som finns mot Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) fungerar i många fall inte helt optimalt för patienterna, och många patienter är villiga att testa icke-farmakologiska metoder som ett komplement. Syftet: att belysa icke-farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärder mot cytostatika-inducerat illamående hos vuxna patienter. Metoden var en allmän litteraturstudie som genomfördes med tolv stycken vetenskapliga artiklar som granskades med hjälp av en fem-stegs modell. Resultatet visade på att icke-farmakologiska metoder kan ha effekt mot CINV och presenteras i tre huvudkategorier, Akupunktur, Akupressur och Avslappningsmetoder och muskelavslappning. Slutsatsen att icke-farmakologiska metoder har effekt mot CINV men att det behövs mer forskning i Europa och Sverige för att kunna tillämpa metoderna mer frekvent i den svenska hälso-och sjukvården än vad det görs idag. Det av vikt att sjuksköterskor som träffar dessa patienter som lider av CINV har kunskap om de olika icke-farmakologiska metoderna. / Background: Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy often experience side effects in form of nausea and vomiting. Prolonged nausea can give rise to both psychological and physical consequences for the patient, the quality of life and well-being can decrease. The antiemetic drugs that are available against CINV does not work perfectly in many cases, and many patients are willing to try non-pharmacological methods as a supplement. The aim was to elucidate non-pharmacological nursing interventions against chemotherapy-induced nausea in adult patients. The study method was design as a structured literature review conducted with twelve scientific articled that was analyzed with a five-step model. The results of this literature study showed that treatment with non-pharmacological methods had a relieving effect. The result is presented in three main categories: Acupuncture, Acupressure and Relaxing Methods. The conclusion that non-pharmacological methods have an effect on CINV, but more research is needed in Europe and Sweden to be able to apply these methods more frequently in the Swedish health care system than it is done today. The conclusion is that non-pharmacological methods have an effect on CINV, but more research is needed in Europe and Sweden to be able to apply these methods more frequently in the Swedish health care system than is done today. It is important that nurses who care for these patients need education in the various non-pharmacological methods.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第12794号 / 論農博第2790号 / 新制||農||1019(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H25||N4806(農学部図書室) / 30813 / (主査)教授 栗原 達夫, 教授 植田 和光, 教授 平竹 潤 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Kognitiv sjukdom är samlingsbegrepp som innefattar flera olika diagnoser och i Sverige insjuknar årligen 20 000–25 000 personer. Det som är gemensamt för de olika diagnoserna är att de uppstår till följd av skador i hjärnan. Att leva med kognitiv sjukdom innebär att olika kognitiva funktioner sviktar vilket kan leda till en känsla av att förlora kontrollen över sitt liv. Nio av tio som har en kognitiv sjukdom drabbas någon gång av beteendemässig och psykiska symtom vid demenssjukdom (BPSD), ett av dessa symtom är agitation. BPSD orsakar ett stort lidande för personen själv men även för närstående och är många gånger en stor utmaning för vårdpersonal att bemöta. För att förebygga och lindra BPSD är det omvårdnadsåtgärder som är förstahandsåtgärden. Ett led i att minska lidande för personen är att öka kunskapen om vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan minska agitation.   Syfte: Syftet med studien var att kartlägga vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan ha effekt på agitation hos personer med kognitiv sjukdom. Metod: En litteraturöversikt valdes för att besvara studiens syfte. Resultatet har baserats på kvantitativa studier max tio år gamla för att kartlägga den senaste forskningen inom det valda området. 16 studier inkluderades i resultatet.  Resultat: Resultatet visar signifikant minskning av agitation hos personer med kognitiva sjukdomar med hjälp av omvårdnadsåtgärder som musikterapi, fysisk aktivitet, hundterapi, akupressur, ljusterapi och vistelse i terapeutisk trädgård. Vid fotmassage sågs i stället en ökning av agitation, ökningen var dock inte signifikant.  Slutsats: I studiens resultat ses ett flertal användbara omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan implementeras i den kliniska vården för att minska agitation hos personer med kognitiv sjukdom. Genom att använda sig av omvårdnadsåtgärder kan läkemedel som kan ge allvarliga och oönskade biverkningar, så som exempelvis neuroleptika, minska i användning. Studien kan vara av nytta för att öka kompetensen hos vårdpersonal inom området. / Cognitive disorder is a collective term that includes several different diagnoses and in Sweden 20,000 - 25,000 people get diagnosed each year. The common factor for these diagnoses is the fact that they occur because of brain damages. Living with a cognitive disorder means that various cognitive functions fail. Nine out of ten with cognitive disorder are at some point affected by behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). One of these symptoms is agitation. BPSD causes a great deal of suffering for the diagnosed person and the family. Furthermore, it is often a great challenge for caregivers to give these individuals the correct care. To prevent and alleviate BPSD, nursing treatment is the first option. A step towards reducing suffering for the person is to increase knowledge of which nursing treatments can reduce agitation Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate which nursing treatment can have an effect on agitation in people with cognitive disorders. Method: A literature review was chosen to answer the aim of the study. The results have been based on quantitative studies that are a maximum of ten years old to map the latest research in the chosen field. Results: The result shows significant reduction of agitation in people with cognitive disorders using nursing treatment such as music therapy, physical activity, dog therapy, acupressure, light therapy and time spent in therapeutic garden. An increase in agitation was however seen during foot massage, but the increase was not significant. Conclusion: The results of the study show several useful non-pharmacological treatments that can be implemented in clinical care to reduce agitation in people with cognitive disorders. By using non-pharmacological treatment, the use of inappropriate drugs, which can have severe negative side effects, such as neuroleptics, can be reduced. The study may be useful to increasing the competence of concerned caregivers.

Bakgrund Stroke är idag en av de vanligaste sjukdomarna som drabbar ca 25 000 människor varje år i Sverige. Flertalet komplikationer, så kallade sekvele kan uppstå relaterat till stroken. En vanlig sekvele är att drabbas av smärta i olika former. Smärtan i sin tur kan påverka människors vardag och hela dennes liv. Idag fokuserar Socialstyrelsens rekommendationer på de farmakologiska åtgärderna vid smärta efter stroke. Det råder även brist i de nationella riktlinjerna för smärta efter stroke vilket kan försvåra för vårdpersonalen att välja rätt behandling för rätt patientgrupp. De icke-farmakologiska åtgärderna är ett stort outforskat ämne med många möjligheter och appliceras under ramen för omvårdnad. Syfte Syftet var att studera de icke-farmakologiska åtgärderna och dess effekter på smärta relaterat till stroke. Metod Studien genomfördes i form av en icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt över kvantitativa studier. Utifrån de urvalskriterierna baserades studien på 18 kvantitativa artiklar hämtade från databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. En kvalitetsgranskning gjordes utifrån Sophiahemmets bedömningskriterier för att säkerställa artiklarnas validitet. Samtliga artiklar analyserades utifrån en integrerad analysmetod. Resultat Studien visar att det finns flertal olika icke-farmakologiska åtgärder som kan användas vid smärta efter stroke. Åtgärderna delades in i kategorierna motirriterande åtgärder, kropp och själsåtgärder och perifera mekanismer. Majoriteten av de ingående studierna har erhållit förbättrat resultat avseende smärta med statistisk signifikans. Patienter erhöll även en förbättrad självständighet och livskvalitet relaterad till åtgärderna. Även skillnader i effektiviteten av åtgärderna kunde påvisas hos olika typer av smärtklassifikationer ur dess karaktär och tidsaspekt. Slutsats Erhållna resultatet tyder på att det finns ett stort antal icke-farmakologiska åtgärder som uppvisar god effekt och skulle kunna användas mer inom sjukvården. Samtliga åtgärder kan sjuksköterskan utföra alternativt göra en behovsbedömning och därefter remittera vidare/delegera. Genom att tillämpa en evidensbaserad omvårdnadsprocess kan patienternas behov av omvårdnad anpassas för en optimal smärtlindring. / Background Stroke is one of the most common diseases today, affecting 25 000 people annually in Sweden. Complications, known as sequelae, can occur in relation to the stroke. A common one is to suffer from pain in various forms and can affect people's everyday life. The National Board of Health and Welfare's recommendations focus on the pharmacological measures for pain after a stroke. There is also a lack of national guidelines for post-stroke pain, which can make it difficult for healthcare professionals to choose the right treatment for the right patient group. The non-pharmacological measures are an unexplored topic with many possibilities and are applied in the context of nursing. Aim The aim was to study the non-pharmacological interventions and their effects on stroke- related pain. Method The study was conducted as a non-systematic literature review of quantitative studies. Within the selection criteria, the study was based on 18 quantitative articles retrieved from the databases CINAHL and PubMed. A quality review was carried out based on Sophiahemmets assessment criteria to ensure the validity. An integrated analyse-method was used. Results The study shows that there are several different non-pharmacological measures that can be used in the treatment of stroke pain. The measures were divided into the category's counterirritant measures, body and mind measures and as peripheral mechanisms. Most of the studies have obtained improved pain outcomes. Differences in the effectiveness of the interventions could also be demonstrated in different types of pain. Conclusions The results indicate that there is large number of non-pharmacological measures that show effect and could be used more in the health care system. All measures can be carried out by nurse, to assess needs and therefore delegate. By applying an evidence-based nursing process, patients' nursing needs can be adapted for optimal pain relief.

BACKGROUND: One of the most recurrent complaints after total joint replacement is difficulty sleeping. Sleep disturbance after major surgery is common. The “stress response” to surgery, personal factors and environmental factors can affect quality and quantity of sleep in the hospital setting. Occupational therapy intervention for individuals that have problems with function as a result of sleep insufficiency is an emerging practice area. However, there are few occupational therapy practitioners who have addressed the important occupation of sleep in acute care settings. There is a need to develop science-driven research and establish evidence to support acute care occupational therapy interventions that address sleep hygiene, a set of behavioral and environmental practices designed to improve both quality and quantity of sleep. In response to this need, the author designed and carried out a non- randomized controlled study to evaluate the effectiveness of a non-pharmacological occupational therapy intervention to improve quality and quantity of clients’ sleep in a fast track joint replacement center. OBJECTIVE: In the author’s study, the aim was to compare sleep quality, sleep quantity, and activities of daily living (ADL) performance before and after fast track total joint replacement surgery for clients who received an occupational therapy intervention targeted at improving sleep hygiene, in addition to conventional acute care occupational therapy, compared to those that received only conventional acute care occupational therapy. The project focused on 1) identifying evidence-based literature to support the benefit of non-pharmacological interventions for joint replacement surgery clients, 2) designing a program that represented best practice while incorporating the holistic and occupation-based theoretical base of occupational therapy, 3) implementing the program, 4) conducting summative program evaluation, and 5) developing a dissemination plan and implementation budget. RESULTS: There were no initial significant differences between the control and experimental groups. The quality of sleep in the experimental group at discharge was significantly better than in the controls and this group reported significantly improved quality of sleep at discharge compared to 2 weeks before surgery. At discharge the experimental group reported significantly longer sleep duration compared to the control group and the increase in duration from 2 weeks before surgery to discharge was significant. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated that improvement in sleep quality and quantity can be achieved in clients undergoing fast track joint replacement surgery who receive an occupation-based intervention that incorporates implementation of sleep hygiene practices. Moreover the change appears to persist after the client returns home. More research examining the effectiveness of this intervention with other surgical populations and the persistence of learned sleep hygiene practices over time after hospital discharge are warranted. / 2018-11-07T00:00:00Z

Bakgrund   Smärta är en av de vanligaste orsakerna till att personer söker sjukvård. Då alla kirurgiska ingrepp medför vävnadsskada som utlöser smärta bör den postoperativa smärtlindringen vara väl anpassad till den enskilda personen och det kirurgiska ingrepp som genomförts.  Även om farmakologiska läkemedel fortsätter att vara den primära behandlingslinjen för smärtlindring efter kirurgiska ingrepp bidrar det ofta till oönskade biverkningar. Forskningen som fokuserar på användningen av icke-farmakologiska metoder som kan komplettera den farmakologiska behandlingen av postoperativ smärta är begränsad. Detta öppnar upp för möjligheter till ytterligare omvårdnadsforskning inom detta område.  Syfte Syftet var att beskriva effekterna av icke-farmakologiska behandlingsmetoder som komplement till farmakologisk smärtlindring för personer med postoperativ smärta. Metod Studien utfördes i form av en icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt baserad på 15 vetenskapliga artiklar av kvantitativ design. Sökningarna gjordes i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Inkluderade artiklar kvalitetsgranskades utifrån Sophiahemmet Högskolas bedömningsunderlag. En integrerad dataanalys genomfördes i tre steg för att sammanställa resultatet. Resultat Studien visar att det finns en bred variation av icke-farmakologiska åtgärder som kan användas som ett komplement till den farmakologiska behandlingen av postoperativ smärta hos patienter. I resultatet framkom två huvudkategorier: Smärtlindrande effekt med fysikaliska behandlingsmetoder och Smärtlindrande effekt med body-mind och avslappningstekniker. De flesta av de granskade studierna påvisade positiva effekter av icke-farmakologiska metoder för postoperativ smärtlindring. Vissa av dessa studier undersökte även metodernas påverkan på opioidanvändning, minskning av preoperativ ångest, påverkan på personens fysiologiska parametrar. De observerade resultaten visade förbättringar av statistisk signifikans. Slutsats Resultaten tyder på att det finns flera icke-farmakologiska metoder som kan användas som ett tillägg till farmakologisk smärtlindring för personer med postoperativ smärta och som har en övergripande positiv effekt. Genom att tillämpa dessa metoder kan sjuksköterskan lindra personens lidande och skapa omvårdnad som är anpassad efter personens specifika behov. / Background Pain is one of the most common reasons for persons to seek medical care. As all surgical procedures involve tissue damage that triggers pain, postoperative pain management should be well adapted to the individual person and the surgical procedure performed.  Although pharmacological drugs continue to be the primary line of treatment for pain relief after surgery, they often lead to unwanted side effects. Research focusing on the use of non-pharmacological approaches that can complement the pharmacological treatment of postoperative pain is limited. This opens up for further nursing research in this area. Aim The aim was to describe the effects of non-pharmacological treatments as a complement to pharmacological pain relief for people with postoperative pain. Method The study was conducted as a non-systematic literature review based on 15 scientific articles of quantitative design. The searches were done in the databases CINAHL and PubMed. Included articles were quality reviewed based on Sophiahemmet's assessment basis. An integrated data analysis was conducted to compile the results. Results The study indicates that there is a wide variety of non-pharmacological interventions that can complement the pharmacological treatment of postoperative pain. Two main categories were identified: Effects of physical treatment methods and Effects of body-mind and relaxation techniques. Most of the reviewed studies demonstrated positive effects of non-pharmacological methods for postoperative pain management. Some of these studies examined the impact of the methods on opioid use, reduction of preoperative anxiety, impact on person´s physiological parameters and observed improved outcomes with statistical significance. Conclusions The results show that there are several non-pharmacological methods that can be used in addition to pharmacological pain management for people with postoperative pain and have an overall positive effect. By applying these methods, the nurse can alleviate the person´s suffering and create nursing care that is adapted to the person's specific needs.

Neuroblastoma is a highly metastatic and invasive tumour with poor prognosis. Despite recent advances in the treatment of neuroblastoma, mortality is still high due to uncontrolled metastatic disease, and novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neuroblastoma are therefore desperately needed. A potential novel approach for therapy of neuroblastoma relates to the polysialic acid decoration of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSANCAM). PSA-NCAM is selectively re-expressed in a number of tumours including neuroblastoma, where it is thought to modulate tumour dissemination. Expression is strongly associated with poor clinical prognosis and an aggressive tumour phenotype. Inhibition of the enzymes responsible for synthesis of PSA, the polysialyltransferases (polySTs) presents a novel and selective therapeutic opportunity. The aims of the studies described in this thesis are to evaluate PSANCAM expression and function in neuroblastoma, and to develop and utilise cell-based models to pharmacologically investigate novel polyST inhibitors. PSA-NCAM was seen to be highly expressed in neuroblastoma clinical specimens and associated with phenotypes of tumour aggressiveness. A screening panel consisting of cell lines with a range of PSA-NCAM expression types was established and utilised to develop assays for pharmacologically assessing novel polyST inhibitors. Using cytidine monophosphate (CMP), a naturally-occurring inhibitor of polySTs, the robustness of the assays was confirmed before progression to evaluate novel molecules. From 16 compounds identified in an in vitro screen of polyST inhibition, three promising polyST inhibitors were identified. These promising polyST inhibitors modulated PSA-NCAM expression on the tumour cell surface and led to a significant reduction in cell migration. Therefore the work presented in this thesis suggests that targeting polySTs is a promising novel therapeutic strategy for neuroblastoma and further research in this area is warranted. / Mu'tah University and Jordan Armed Forces, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. / The full text will be available at the end of the extended embargo period: 5th March 2027

The present Thesis explored spatial reorientation behaviour of three species of fish (the zebrafish Danio rerio, the redtail splitfin fish Xenotoca eiseni, the goldfish Carassius auratus) and one species of reptiles (the Hermann tortoise Testudo hermanni) to widely assess three issues: 1) the use of environmental geometry with and without landmarks; 2) the role of two geometric tasks, one driven by spontaneous behaviour (“social-cued memory task”) and the other by learning processes (“rewarded exit task”); 3) the involvement of extra-visual sensory channels in visual transparency conditions, and motion patterns. The present Thesis applied behavioural assessments and analyses to pursue a line of comparison, across species, methodologies, and sensory systems. As regards environmental geometry and landmarks in fish and tortoises (Chapter 2), the studies were carried out within several apparatuses, that is, a rectangular opaque arena or two different sized square opaque arenas or a transparent square arena, with conspicuous or local landmarks: Study 1, Conspicuous landmark (blue wall) in zebrafish; Study 2: Local landmarks (corner panels) in zebrafish; Study 3, Environmental geometry in tortoises; Study 4, Conspicuous landmark (blue wall) in tortoises. As regards spontaneous vs. acquired geometric spatial reorientation in fishes (Chapter 3), the studies were carried out within a rectangular or square transparent arena, with or without geometric cues or a 3D landmark: Study 5, Nonvisual environmental geometry in zebrafish, redtail splitfin fish, and goldfish; Study 6, Isolated environmental geometric cues in zebrafish; Study 7, 3D outside landmark (blue cylinder) in zebrafish. As regards extra-visual sensory systems and motion patterns in fish (Chapter 4), one study was carried out within a rectangular transparent arena: Study 8, Lateral line pharmacological ablation in zebrafish. In respect of comparisons among species, overall results suggested that zebrafish, redtail splitfin fish, and goldfish reoriented similarly through transparent surfaces, which defined a distinctive global shape, supporting spatial reorientation under undefined situations (e.g., seek out food within a visually lacking and unenriched environment) as a shared skill among teleosts, despite ecological specificities. Likewise, the Hermann tortoise reoriented within a geometric environment with precision to meet a survival need, suggesting that even non-nomadic species that hibernate for long can benefit from orientation by extended terrain surfaces. In respect of memory tests (“working” vs. “reference”, spontaneous vs. acquired), overall results indicated that the rewarded exit task designed to train fish and tortoise to reorient required learning processes allowing them to overcome natural predispositions to improve other related abilities, such as landmark-use. The dissociation between working and reference memory in spatial domain must be considered highly dependent on task’s demands where attentional factors determine short-term memories and motivational states long-term ones. In respect of sensory channels and motion patterns, overall results revealed that fish and tortoises used modalities driven by touch, in synch with sight, to determine geometric parameters during spatial reorientation. Therefore, a promising link between other vertebrates and humans takes place, in consideration of orientation mechanisms used to face situations of visual deprivation or impairments. The present Thesis may even contribute to a general understanding of reorientation behaviour in phylogenetically remote vertebrate species, thus supporting the widespread use of geometry-grounded tools in everyday activities. This also provides comparative support among species that inhabit on Earth and share cognitive adaptations to deal with similar requests.

Objectives This systematic review aims to evaluate the evidence of non-pharmacological strategies to improve blood pressure (BP) control in patients with hypertension from African countries. Design We performed a systematic review and searched Medline, Central, CINAHL and study registers until June 2020 for randomised studies on interventions to decrease BP of patients with hypertension in African countries. We assessed the study quality using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and narratively synthesised studies on non-pharmacological hypertension interventions. Setting We included studies conducted in African countries. Participants Adult African patients with a hypertension diagnosis. Interventions Studies on non-pharmacological interventions aiming to improve BP control and treatment adherence. Outcomes Main outcomes were BP and treatment adherence. Results We identified 5564 references, included 23 with altogether 18 153 participants from six African countries. The studies investigated educational strategies to improve adherence (11 studies) and treatment by healthcare professionals (5 studies), individualised treatment strategies (2 studies), strategies on lifestyle including physical activity (4 studies) and modified nutrition (1 study). Nearly all studies on educational strategies stated improved adherence, but only three studies showed a clinically relevant improvement of BP control. All studies on individualised strategies and lifestyle changes resulted in clinically relevant effects on BP. Due to the type of interventions studied, risk of bias in domain blinding of staff/participants was frequent (83%). Though incomplete outcome data in 61% of the studies are critical, the general study quality was reasonable. Conclusions The identified studies offer diverse low-cost interventions including educative and task-shifting strategies, individualised treatment and lifestyle modifications to improve BP control. Especially trialled physical activity interventions show clinically relevant BP changes. All strategies were trialled in African countries and may be used for recommendations in evidence-based guidelines on hypertension in African settings.