L’étude a pour objectif de déterminer la qualité des eaux de surface sous différentes conditions climatiques et pratiques de gestion des eaux de surface. Trois sites ont étés choisis pour: (1) la rivière Jalle de Blanquefort, (2) le lac de Bordeaux, France et (3) la rivière Pasig aux Philippines. Les sites français présentent des collecteurs d'eau qui se déversent directement dans les eaux de surface. La rivière Pasig sert de collecteur d'eaux usées en l’absence de stations de traitement des eaux usées et collectées. Au cours des campagnes de mesure, il a été possible de suivre l’impact de la variabilité climatique (pluviométrie) et d’événements aléatoires sur la qualité chimiques (éléments traces métalliques et polluants organiques) des eaux ; en combinant échantillonnage classique et par capteurs passifs. Les propriétés physico-chimiques de l'eau ainsi que les caractéristiques des particules et l'utilisation d'analyses statistiques permettent de préciser le comportement des molécules détectées et de décrire l’evolution hydrochimique des eaux de surface urbaines et estuariennes vis-à-vis d’aléas climatiques contrastés. / The study aimed to assess the water quality of the surface water in differingclimate conditions and management practices. Three interesting sites were chosen, (1)Jalle River and (2) Bordeaux Lac both in France and the (3) Pasig River in thePhilippines. The French sites have rainfall and run-off collectors that directly dischargewater to the water bodies. Pasig River, on the other hand, becomes a waste collector aswaste management and treatment plant are lacking. Trace metals and organics(pesticides, herbicides, pharmaceuticals and drugs) were measured. Conventional andpassive sampling approches were employed. The mass fluxes were obtained in order tocalculate the pollution transport. Physico-chemical properties and the particlecharacteristics, integrating statistical analyses, facilitated in explaining the behavior of themeasured molecules and describing the hydrological system in relation to climatevariability.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1978 M44 / Master of Arts

This study is concerned with the style of leadership needed to enable the church to fully express itself in mission. The renewed ecclesiology of the Second Vatican council, in which the church is said to be missionary by nature, is reviewed. The fundamental structure of the church is described theologically under the themes of the people of God, creation of the Holy Spirit and the body of Christ. A study of the Council's teaching on a pyramidal style ofleadership leads to the conclusion that it is inadequate for implementing the teaching on the missionary nature of the church. A review of post-Vatican II ecclesial movements worldwide points to a strong desire among many for a church of greater participation with a more personal leadership style. A study of leadership in the corporate world shows how a servant-style is replacing the traditional pyramidal structure. It is shown how this servant-leadership style could also be used in the church. The results of a qualitative research study of St. Joseph's Parish in Metro Manila, Philippines, are presented. This shows how the pastor gathered around him a group of lay leaders who share and express his style of servant-leadership. This part of the study begins by setting the historical context within which this parish exists by giving an overview of the history of the church in the Philippines and then shows how the leaders of St. Joseph's Parish motivated a passive congregation to become a church-in-mission. This occurred over a number of years through the parishioners being invited to full participation in parish life and becoming involved in service of those in need. An intense formation programme by parish leaders, who used a servant-leadership style, helped lead this parish from its former passivity to a manifestation of the missionary nature of the church. The study concludes by identifying some themes for further research. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D.Th.(Missiology)

研究方法採取歷史研究法，研究目的在於增進國人對東南亞區域了解。 第一章內環境因素。包括社會結構、民族社義、民主與政治穩定共三節。第二章美國 與菲律賓─不平等但親密的夥伴。包括特殊關係的支配、經濟的利益、共同安全與軍 事防衛、基地問題共四節。第三章參與東南亞次體系的活動。包括沙巴要求權、亞洲 政策、區域組織與區域主義共三節。第四章衝突的國際範圍。包括韓戰、外交政策的 轉向、回教徙的叛亂與外交政策、越單共四節。最後結論，對菲律賓外交政策加以評 估。

Les gisements minéraux à Au-Cu-Mo constituent des ressources métalliques majeures connues pour être associées spatio-temporellement au magmatisme intrusif d'arc, et en particulier au magmatisme adakitique dont la pétrogenèse est singulière. Bien que la plus grande partie des métaux semble trouver son origine dans les magmas, il n'y a pas encore de consensus quant aux processus responsables de leur concentration. Le fait que les minéraux primaires contenant le minerai soient de façon prépondérante des sulfures a conduit à la suggestion que le soufre joue un rôle important dans l'enrichissement métallique au stade magmatique. Les études expérimentales précédentes ont montré que les sulfures peuvent largement fractionner Au à partir du liquide magmatique, concluant que les magmas oxydés sont potentiellement plus riches en or. Ici, nous avons effectué des expériences haute température-haute pression sur cinq roches naturelles des Philippines, sur une gamme de fO2 allant de conditions réductrices à très oxydantes. Les expériences ont été menées dans des capsules d'or pur en présence de quantités variables d'eau, et avec ou sans ajout de soufre. Nos données montrent que la solubilité d'or des charges sans soufre est basse mais augmente globalement avec la fO2. Dans les charges soufrées, elle apparaît beaucoup plus forte quand l'environnement est réducteur ou moyennement oxydant. Cette étude montre que le transport et la concentration de Au dans les liquides silicatés peut être augmentée de façon spectaculaire par la présence de soufre. L'enrichissement en or dans les gisements minéraux peut ainsi être directement lié à l'incorporation et à l'abondance de soufre dans les magmas.

Sabang used to be a small, marginalized Philippine fishing village that in the span of three decades became a well-known international sex tourism site. This thesis deals with the implications of tourism (including sex tourism) and how it has become embedded in the daily life in today’s Sabang. The thesis highlights the local populations’ diverse reactions to the various changes associated with tourism growth, in particular how various symbolic, moral, and spatial boundaries are constructed and maintained. The ethnographic material examined in this thesis builds on several periods of fieldwork, in total 18 months, that were carried out between 2003 and 2015. Analytical tools found in tourism anthropology and in particular the branch of postcolonial tourism studies has guided the discussion and analysis of the socio-cultural effects of becoming a tourism town. This thesis argues that complex networks of boundaries are significant in maintaining a sense of order and social cohesion in times of change. Notions of cultural differences are expressed through the narratives and behaviors of the various inhabitants, and contribute to the maintaining of boundaries within and between groups. From the beginning of tourism growth commercial sex has been central and has become a significant factor in the tourism economy. While residents acknowledge their dependency on the go-go bars, the business of the night is framed so as not to defeat the inhabitants’ struggles to maintain local community’s sense of morality, or at least to set up boundaries between the outsiders’ immorality and insiders’ morality. Tourism has also offered opportunities to challenge conventional social hierarchies and local seats of power, and there are also recurrent discussions about who has the right to control resources and who can claim entitlement to a place now shared by people from all over the world.

Abstract The archival community worldwide faces challenges posed by the advent of digital communication, shifting understandings of archives prompted by a new emphasis on the power of means of communication and archives to shape knowledge, and fundamental debates that have followed over how archives should be run. Archivists from different parts of the world have started to revamp archival concepts, learn new skills, and acquire the specialized knowledge through graduate level education (master’s and doctoral degrees) necessary to address these challenges. Such specialized university degree programs in archival studies are fairly new phenomena. Professional education for archivists was initially offered in many countries by archives themselves to their new staff members and through conferences held by archival associations. Some then followed with one-year graduate diploma programs that eventually developed into a full master’s degree. In Canada, the Association of Canadian Archivists first established guidelines for master’s degree programs for educating archivists in 1976. The first master’s program in Archival Studies offered in North America was launched in 1981 by the University of British Columbia. In the United States, the first guidelines for the development of a graduate program in Archival Studies came out in 1993. In Asia, by the late 1950s courses in archives were offered in several countries such as Vietnam, Taiwan, and the Philippines, but not as a specialized degree program. In the Philippines, archival courses are only being offered as elective courses within library and information studies programs. There is, thus, a major gap in the programs of archival education in the Philippines. Certain factors that are unique to the Philippine archival profession further increase the existing common challenges facing archivists across the world and heighten the need for a specialized master’s degree in Archival Studies. These factors include: inadequate access to records or archives that document the country’s rich cultural and historical heritage, which makes research on the richness of Philippine history and culture difficult; the natural environment of the Philippines that makes it disaster prone requires special education in the care and management of the archives; and the relative youth of the archival profession in the country and thus limited number of properly educated professional archivists. This thesis discusses these challenges and how they can be addressed through a graduate program in Archival Studies. Lastly, the thesis offers a rationale and proposal for a master’s program in Archival Studies at the School of Library and Information Studies, University of the Philippines. / May 2017

This thesis is a critique on contemporary counterterrorism and peacebuilding. It uses a single case study approach to answer the question: How can we, by studying the Mindanao conflict - which has characteristics of both ‘new wars' and ‘new terrorism' - find a juncture between peace and conflict studies and terrorism studies that could help us to better understand terrorism and thereby create more efficient frameworks and tools for countering terrorism, and addressing the root causes of intrastate conflict in order to build a lasting peace? In addressing this question the thesis aims to contribute to International Relations and more specifically the emerging literatures of ‘critical terrorism studies' and ‘critical peace and conflict studies'. Ontologically, the thesis is positioned in between the two subfields, peace and conflict studies and terrorism studies, of International Relations and draws on theories from both literatures and the more recent ‘critical' turns of each sub-discipline; critical terrorism studies and critical peace studies. The case study of the Philippines and in particular the Mindanao conflict is relatively under-researched and functions as a comparative element as it, arguably, represents a microcosm of almost every type of conflict. It is the understanding of the thesis that there is a need to understand local realities and grievances in order to build a lasting peace in Mindanao where the root causes of the conflict is being addressed. Hence, the thesis seeks to understand the root causes of the conflict by focusing on Filipino history of governance and conflict. The roots of conflict is found to be the grievances of being deprived of self-rule, autonomy, and independence and of the right to its ancestral domain after centuries of various levels of oppression as well as corruption within the embedded, archaic power structures of Filipino political dynasties. Furthermore, the thesis tests the theoretical frameworks on the on-going peace process suggesting that the institutions and ‘one size fits all approaches' in liberal peacebuilding can be found in the embedded power structures in the social, political and economic levels of the Philippines. The main contribution the thesis aims to achieve is to apply post-liberal peacebuilding theories to the Mindanao conflict by identifying and assigning the role of the liberal institutions to local elites. Therefore, the main argument of the thesis is that the peace agreement between the Philippine government and the MILF is merely reshuffling the power within the archaic power structures of governance and political, economic and social life within the Philippines, without addressing the root causes of the conflict. Consequently, this will not lead to a long-term lasting peace in the Philippines.

Why do some allies restructure their existing alliance relationships which they once favored, but some do not? In what ways do allies restructure their alliances? Historically interstate military alliances change their original agreements more than they remain the same, and the average duration of bilateral alliances is less than a decade. Theoretically, previous works have paid great attention mostly to the formation and duration of alliances. Answers to the above basic questions have been largely indeterminate, despite the fact that when allies change their original agreements, it reshapes the behaviors of both allies and non-allies. This study argues that when a state grows more powerful relative to its neighbors and external powers; and experiences a domestic regime change, the state is likely to restructure its exiting alliance relationship. These external and internal changes since the alliance formation cause the state’s original preference on the arms-and-allies balance to shift, and the state has greater incentive to restructure the existing alliance by way of dealignment, expiration, or renewal. In order to test the argument, this study first provides the quantitative results by testing 142 post-WWII alliances formed from 1946 to 2000, and identifies the statistically significant and substantial effects of three factors, capabilities increase, regime change (democratization and authoritarianization), and government change (both leadership and supporting coalition change), on the state’s alliance restructuring. Then this study qualitatively tests the quantitative findings and traces the causal process through case studies for three U.S. alliances in East Asia (the Philippines, South Korea, and Japan). The Philippine alliance restructuring in 1992 is examined as a typical case demonstrating that the argument empirically works. Then this study investigates why South Korea did not restructure the alliance with the U.S. in the 1990s even though the external and internal factors suggest that it would restructure. Lastly, the U.S.-Japan alliance case in 2009-2010 is examined to assess the explanatory power of the argument beyond the data population. An alliance restructuring can significantly affect an individual state’s security positively or negatively, therefore state leaders must continue to pay a close attention to the management of alliances.

The rising cost of health care in the Philippines is a concern for the Department of Defense and TRICARE beneficiaries. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional research study was to determine the efficacy and acceptability of a different method to deliver health care to increase access to health care and decrease out-of-pocket costs while maintaining quality of care for TOP Standard beneficiaries who receive health care under the Philippine Demonstration. Secondary data was used to determine the acceptability of an alternative reimbursement methodology to decrease cost but maintain access to quality care. The Andersen's behavioral health care model and the Donabedian quality health care model were used to interpret the study results. A data set of 180 participants was evaluated using a cross-sectional quantitative methodology. Two Spearman correlations were used to examine the relationship between financial burden and satisfaction (r = .41, p < .001) and financial burden and confidence (r = .44, p < .001). Linear and binary regressions assessed the effects of age and gender on satisfaction with health care finder functionality when requesting a waiver (F (2,26) = 1.22, p = .313, R2 = .09). A computation of one-sample t-tests to determine the impact of a closed network, beneficiary out-of-pocket cost, and quality health care in Demonstration areas found the beneficiaries were satisfied with the demonstration. An analysis of the claims data pre and post demonstration showed a difference in the patients' out-of-pocket expenses and the acceptability and preference for a closed network. Social change was demonstrated by a decrease in the cost for TRICARE standard beneficiaries in the Philippines.