My starting point was to gain an understanding of how humanitarian aid was organized in Tacloban City after the disaster of typhoon Haiyan. Two specific sectors has been studied; Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM) and Emergency Shelter. As basic parameters the Sphere Handbook (The Sphere Project) served as a guideline, a set of minimum standards of humanitarian response compiled by different humanitarian agencies with the aim to improve the quality of humanitarian assistance. Large parts of the city's urban land area is currently located in a geographic location that poses a significant risk in terms of vulnerability to floods, landslides and storm winds. A summary of risk analysis indicates that a specific area of land south-west of today's city center are more suited as a development site in terms of reduced vulnerability. The strategies of resistance against the forces of nature for the city of Tacloban are divided into four different scales from macro to micro; City, Barangay (the smallest administrative division within the Philippine municipality system), Sitio (territorial enclave inside a barangay) and the private home. / Min utgångspunkt har varit att få en uppfattning kring hur det humanitära biståndet anordnades i staden Tacloban efter naturkatastrofen Haiyan. Två specifika sektorer har undersökts; ”Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM)” och ”Emergency Shelter”. Som riktlinje och grundläggande parameter har jag använt ”The Sphere Handbook” (The Sphere Project), en uppsättning grundläggande standarder som sammanställts av olika humanitära organisationer med målet att förbättra kvaliteten på det humanitära biståndet.Stora delar av Taclobans urbana landområde befinner sig inom ett geografiskt område som utgör en betydande risk vad gäller sårbarhet för översvämningar, jordskred och stormvindar. En sammanställning av riskanalyser visar att ett specifikt landområde sydväst om dagens centrum är mer lämpat som en framtida plats för stadsutveckling. I mitt arbete har jag utvecklat strategier för att staden skall kunna motstå naturens krafter inför ett liknande framtida scenario. Tacloban har delats in i fyra olika skalor från makro till mikro;Staden, Barangay-området (den minsta administrativa divisionen inom det filippinskakommun- systemet), Sitio (territoriell enklav inom ett barangay-område) och det enskilda hemmet.

This thesis aims to address how COVID-19 restrictions affected dissent events in autocracies and electoral autocracies. To do so relies on the combination of the grievances and resource mobilization theories. During the COVID-19 pandemic, autocracies and electoral autocracies have implanted restrictive civil liberties policies justified by the necessity to reduce the spread of the virus and the challenging situation. These policies have affected people’s lives and dissent events. The study found a negative relationship between the COVID-19 restrictions and dissent in 2020 compared to 2021. To test this relationship, I used the V-dem v11.1 dataset. Since I wanted to get a bigger picture of the relationship, I used the results of the LNA to select a typical case among countries in Southeast-East Asia. I relied on the Philippines case to test the causal mechanism theorized and tested whether the negative relationship was in place. The results showed that the number of protests in the Philippines decreased in 2020 and 2021 compared to 2019. Using the ACLED dataset, I found that grievances and ICT mobilization were present without leading to an increase in dissent events. Additionally, while ACLED accounted for a digital form of protest, V-dem v11.1 did not. This result leads me to conclude that the results from the LNA might be subjected to a measurement error. Further research is thus required to address the relationship better.

Inspired by regional Austronesian vernacular architecture, volcanic forms in the northern island of Luzon in the Philippines, and the natural geometry of the Fibonacci spiral, “Six volcanoes” is a multifunctional public space in the municipality of Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, located a stone’s throw southeast of the University of the Philippines, Los Baños campus, in the peri-urban community of Barangay (village) Tuntungin Putho.   The 3500 sqm. site rises one meter from the original street level to a 14 m. high 1100 sqm. main space. A slightly lower 6 m. high 150 sqm. auxiliary space is southwest of the main space.  Bamboo poles, which could be grown and harvested on an adjacent mini-mountain, “Pulong Malake”, serve as building material, with steel connector joinery where appropriate.  Laid-stone foundations and the thatched-roof cogon grass material are sourced from a local quarry and local fields.  Possible uses of the spaces include a wifi-lounge, learning and workshop activities, sporting events, festivities and concerts, church services, meetings and conferences.  Open to all in the area, from impoverished squatters to residents of adjacent gated communities and walled homes, “Six volcanoes” would facilitate social networking and cohesion, combating informal social segregation and bridging socio-economic class divides.

This thesis aims to test the causal connection between internal security threats and political intervention by the military in states which have recently transitioned to democracy. In order to investigate this, a comparative case study is conducted between the recent case of Myanmar and the case of the Philippines in the 1980s with the aim of investigating how the presence of internal conflict in the two countries has impacted the level of military influence post-transition. This is investigated through a qualitative analysis of the countries’ constitutions as well as statements by political and military leaders in order to investigate how the issues of internal conflict and the role of the military are defined, perceived and portrayed. The results of the study demonstrate that differences in these areas may explain why the military in Myanmar has managed to intervene more successfully. <img src="blob:https://uu.diva-portal.org/f8bb8d04-2f8c-4176-a36d-2e9876197374" />

As part of his anthropological fieldwork, in January 1958 Daniel J. Scheans took a census of Suba, an Ilokano barrio in Paoay, Ilocos Norte, the Philippines. The purpose of the thesis was. to use the Suban data to develop, describe and.test a method for analyzing census data for small populations (1000 or fewer persons). The method was to be complete, to generate as much information as possible based on the data collected, to expose weaknesses and gaps in the data collected and in the data collection procedures, to aid future census-takers .in structuring the content of and procedures for taking a census, to be computerized for speed and ease of analysis and adjustment, and to furnish data sufficiently free from methodological variations to allow meaningful comparisons of different populations.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第18486号 / 地環博第120号 / 新制||地環||25(附属図書館) / 31364 / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 宇佐美 誠, 教授 ショウ ラジブ, 准教授 森 晶寿 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第19155号 / 地環博第130号 / 新制||地環||26(附属図書館) / 32106 / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 ｼｮｳ ﾗｼﾞﾌﾞ, 教授 岡﨑 健二, 准教授 西前 出 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第19873号 / 地環博第147号 / 新制||地環||29(附属図書館) / 32909 / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎環境マネジメント専攻 / (主査)教授 岡﨑 健二, 准教授 小林 広英, 准教授 ｼﾞｪｰﾝ ｼﾝｶﾞｰ / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

This study investigates teacher attitudes about language and education. The purpose of the study is to help program designers develop professional development efforts that successfully address some of the major identified challenges teachers face when transitioning into Mother Tongue Based Multi-Lingual Education (MTBMLE), including negative attitudes. It also suggests protocols and issues that trainers should consider when designing professional development for MTBMLE teachers. The research question guiding this study is: 1. Do teachers' attitudes towards and knowledge about mother tongue-based instruction change after they participate in professional development that is consistent with good professional development practice? a. What were teachers' knowledge and attitudes about MTBMLE before the professional development program? b. Did teachers' knowledge and attitudes change after participating in the professional development program? c. Why did teachers hold particular attitudes towards MTBMLE prior to professional development and what factors influenced their change? I conducted this research during a three-month MTBMLE professional development program with a group of indigenous first grade teachers and their school principals in Save the Children's outreach areas in rural Mindanao in the Philippines. I used a Q sort methodology for initial interviews conducted with a subset of five first grade teachers followed by a second interview after the professional development program. The interview data showed that teachers came into the trainings with two distinct viewpoints; mother tongue supporters and one mother tongue resister. After the professional development program, however, teachers were all more positive about using the mother tongue as the language of instruction. Interviews revealed that teachers were more positive and confident in teaching the mother tongue when they had the opportunity to: 1) spend time learning about their own language, 2) create mother tongue teaching and learning materials, and 3) reflect on their early learning experiences and experience what it is like to learn in a language that is not familiar. This paper will discuss the research findings in depth and will provide a clearer picture of how to train and support teachers who are transitioning into MTBMLE.

Ni-laterites have the potential to become unconventional ore deposits for platinum group elements (PGE). This study was conducted to determine enrichment trends of PGE as a result of the Ni-laterization process. 6 samples were selected by mine workers from the protolith, saprolite, and limonite horizons of the Ni-laterite profile from the Acoje ophiolite block, Luzon, Philippines, and sent to Luleå University of Technology (LTU). 2 samples representing the protolith are described as dunite having undergone serpentinization, 1 sample is a massive chromitite from the saprolite layer of the laterite profile, 1 sample is a massive chromitite from the limonite layer of the laterite profile, and 2 samples are limonitic soils. Total PGE contents of the investigated Acoje samples range from 161-1180 ppb with the highest contents of PGE occurring in the limonite hosted chromitite, and the lowest contents in the saprolite hosted chromitite. C1 chondrite-normalized patterns reveal distinct trends of the PGE in the different sample types: dunite samples have a positive trend from Ir-Pd, the chromitite samples have a negative trend from Ru-Pd with a negative Ir anomaly and the limonite samples have a strong positive trend from Ir-Pd. Rare earth elements (REE) chondrite-normalized patterns of the samples show a negative Ce anomaly in the limonite while the dunite and saprolite-hosted chromitite have negative Eu anomalies. Cr# (Cr/[Al+Cr]) and Mg# (Mg/[Fe2++Mg]) were analyzed using automated mineralogy and produced Cr# values ranging from 0.67 – 0.77 and Mg# values from 0.46 – 0.59.  17 platinum group minerals (PGM) were identified from the Acoje samples: 9 from the dunite, 1 from the saprolite-hosted chromitite, 6 from the limonite-hosted chromitite and 1 from the limonite. Laurite ((Ru,Os)S2) was identified in samples A-02 and A-07 and is the only primary mineral identified. Secondary PGM, thought to have formed due to alteration processes during serpentinization, were identified as alloys composed of: Cu-Pd, Cu-Pt, Pt-Ni-Cu, Pt-Fe, Ir-Ni-(Pt,Fe), and Cu-Pt-Au-(Pd-Ag). PGM are small, measuring consistently &lt;10 µm in diameter. Laurite occurs as inclusions in unfractured chromite. PGM alloys in the dunite samples occur along the boundary of sulfide minerals or within serpentine. PGM identified in the limonite-hosted chromitite occur along interstitial fractures within chromitite or in a Fe-Al oxide matrix within pore spaces.