Dans ce travail, nous défendons une idée très féconde : le concept, qui est le « moteur » de l’abstraction philosophique, ne permet plus d’éclairer l’enjeu du débat philosophique en Afrique noire. Or cet enjeu, bien voilé par la platitude du concept philosophique, se joue dans ce que nous avons nommé « le phénomène de conflit de cultures ». Pour monter le bien-fondé de notre thèse, nous avons privilégié une méthode simple qui s’appuie sur deux romans négro-africains (L’aventure ambiguë de Cheikh H. Kane et Entre les eaux de V.Y. Mudimbe), afin d’éclairer le conflit de cultures en Afrique noire. On a pu montrer que le « conflit de cultures » était synonyme de « conflit intellectuel » pour le philosophe négro-africain. En analysant le discours du philosophe africain, dont le style refuse ratages et hésitations, il devenait clair qu’il fallait sortir de ce discours pour lui trouver un « dehors », capable de l’éclairer. Et les deux romans susmentionnés, que nous avons systématiquement analysés dans notre première partie, ont permis de déconstruire le discours du philosophe africain, et ont fini par nous faire voir les contradictions symboliques du « philosopher en Afrique noire ». La deuxième partie de cette thèse essaie de penser l’Africain à l’intérieur d’un monde qui apporte sans cesse la nouveauté. C’est, en un mot, inscrire le Négro-africain dans une histoire qui redonne à l’utopie positive (comme ce qui est de l’ordre du possible) tout son sens. Sous ce rapport, la pensée de la traversée de Bidima réintroduit, dans la pratique discursive en Afrique noire, la dimension du possible, qui refuse les assignations identitaires et les substantialismes béats : l’Afrique noire n’est pas un continent figé, elle est plutôt inscrite dans un temps qui apporte sans cesse la nouveauté. / In this thesis, we stand a very fruitful idea: the concept, which is the « engine » of philosophical abstraction, no longer allows to shed light on the issue of philosophical debate in black Africa. However, this issue, though veiled by the flatness of the philosophical concept functions within what we called «the phenomenon of cultural conflicts of». To mount the validity of our thesis, we favored a simple method that uses two black African novels (Cheikh H. Kane’s L’aventure ambiguë and V. Y. Mudimbe’s Entre les eaux) to illuminate cultural conflicts in black Africa. It has been shown that the "clash of cultures" was synonymous with "intellectual conflict" for the black African philosopher. By analyzing the discourse of the African philosopher, whose style refuses failures and hesitations, it became clear that he had to escape the pitfalls of this discourse to find for himself an "outside", able to enlighten. The above two novels, that we have systematically analyzed in the first part, helped to deconstruct the discourse of the African philosopher, and finally made us see the symbolic contradictions of "philosophizing in Black Africa".The second part of this thesis tries to think of Africans within a world that keeps changing ; that is, in a word, trying to admit the African Negro in a story that restores to the positive utopia all its meaning. In this respect, the crossing of Bidima reintroduces, in the discursive practice in black Africa, the very possbility of refusing identity assignments and blissful substantialismes: Black Africa is not a frozen continent ; it is rather inscribed in a time that brings ever new things.

Die französische Philosophie der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts hat weltweit eine Rezeption erfahren, die immer wieder neu Zusammenfassungen und einführend-kommentierende Darstellungen herausfordert. Nun ist ein neuer Sammelband zu vermelden, der von dem Freiburger Romanisten Joseph Jurt herausgegeben wurde.

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of French and Italian, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-64).

The aim of this thesis is to record The historical development of political and political science concept of Universal Basic Income, it tries to map from its beginnings to the present. This thesis will handle the Universal Basic Income as that described by Thomas More and by Johannes Ludovicus Vives. Thesis will focus on their later critics from series of economic and philosophical thinkers and political scientists. UBI will build on these theorists modern ideas which will then be compared with previous authors. This thesis will show the development and deepening of ideas of Universal Basic Income through comparison of the concept of individual authors.

This thesis is a context-sensitive study of key epistemological commitments and concerns presented in Philo’s two series of exegetical writings. The major conclusion advanced in this thesis is that two theological epistemologies, distinct yet related, can be detected among these writings. The first epistemology is specific to the Allegorical Commentary. The second epistemology is specific to the ‘Exposition of the Law.’ The epistemology of the Allegorical Commentary reflects a threefold conviction: the sovereignty of God, the creaturely contingency of the human mind and its inescapable limitations. In conversation with key epistemological notions of his day, Philo develops this threefold conviction in exegetical discourses that are grounded in Pentateuchal texts portraying the God of Moses as both possessing epistemic authority and aiding the aspiring mind to gain purification and perfection in the knowledge of God. Guided by this threefold conviction, Philo enlists key metaphors of his day – initiation into divine mysteries and divine inspiration, among others –in order to capture something of the essence of Moses’ twofold way of ascending to the divine, an approach which requires at times the enhancement of human reason and at other times the eviction of human reason. The epistemology of the ‘Exposition’ reflects Philo’s understanding of the Pentateuch as a perfect whole partitioned into three distinct yet inseverable parts. Philo’s knowledge discourses in the ‘creation’ part of the ‘Exposition’ reflect two primary movements of thought. The first is heavily invested with a Platonic reading of Genesis 1.27 while the second invests Genesis 2.7 with a mixture of Platonic and Stoic notions of human transformation and well-being. Philo’s discourses in the ‘patriarchs’ segment reflect an interest in portraying the three great patriarchs as exemplars of the virtues of instruction (Abraham), nature (Isaac), and practice (Jacob) which featured prominently in Greek models of education. In the ‘Moses’ segment of the ‘Exposition,’ many of Philo’s discourses on knowledge are marked by an interest in presenting Moses as the ideal king, lawgiver, prophet and priest who surpasses Plato’s paradigm of the philosopher-king. In keeping with this view, Philo insists that the written laws of Moses represent the perfect counterpart to the unwritten law of nature. The life and laws of Moses serve as the paradigm for Philo to understand his own experiences of noetic ascent and exhort readers to cultivate similar aspirational notions and practices.

This dissertation is generally concerned with Plato's conception of philosophy, as the conception is ascertainable from the Republic and certain ‘post-Republic' dialogues. It argues that philosophy, according to Plato, is multi-disciplinary; that ‘philosophy' does not mark off just one art or science; that there are various philosophers corresponding to various philosophical sciences, all of which come together under a common aim: betterment of self through intellectual activity. A major part of this dissertation is concerned with Plato's science par excellence, ‘the science of dialectic' (he epistêmê dialektikê). The science of dialectic is distinguished in Plato by being concerned with Forms or Kinds as such; the science of dialectic, alone amongst the philosophical sciences, fully understands what it means for Form X to be a Form. I track the science of dialectic, from its showcase in Republic VI and VII, and analyze its place in relation to the other philosophical sciences in certain post-Republic dialogues. Ultimately, I show that, whilst it is not the only science constituting philosophy, Plato's science of dialectic represents the intellectual zenith obtainable by man; the expert of this science is the topmost philosopher. In this dissertation I also argue that Socrates, as variously depicted in these dialogues, always falls short of being identified as the philosopher par excellence, as that expert with positive knowledge of Forms as such. Yet I also show that, far from being in conflict, the elenctic Socrates and the philosopher par excellence form a complementary relationship: the elenctic philosopher gets pupils to think about certain things in the right way prior to sending them off to work with the philosopher par excellence.

Les philosophes français des Lumières se sont évertués, notamment dans la deuxième moitié du XVIIIe siècle, à préciser les cas où l’inégalité et les limites de la liberté seraient conformes aux lois naturelles afin de proposer les préceptes permettant une vie sociale épanouie. Ce faisant, ils ouvrirent la voie à la formation des absolutismes éclairés qui trouvent leurs racines juridiques dans la théorie du droit naturel. Elaborée pour une large part par Voltaire qui la mettait directement en relation avec l’idéologie des absolutismes « classiques », l’idéologie des absolutismes éclairés avait pour but principal la création d’un Etat fort. Ayant accepté les propositions des philosophes les « rois philosophes » ou « monarques éclairés » fondèrent les justificatifs d’une telle politique sur la langue, la mode, et surtout sur la confiance dans un progrès que la France avait su promouvoir. / The French philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment, especially in the second part of the eighteenth century, endeavoured to specify the cases in which inequality and the limitations of freedom would be in accordance with natural laws in order to propose precepts for a blossoming life. By doing so, they opened the way to the formation of enlightened absolutism, a model of government that finds its legal foundations in the Natural Law Theory Developed largely part by Voltaire, who put it in the direct relation with the ideology of “classical” absolutism, the ideology of enlightened absolutism had as its principal goal the creation of a strong state. Having embraced the philosophers’ precepts, the “enlightened monarchs” or “philosopher kings” founded the evidence of such a policy on language, fashion, and especially on the confidence in a progress that France had been able to promote.

This dissertation is a study of appetite in Plato’s Timaeus, Republic and Phaedrus. In recent research is it often suggested that Plato considers appetite (i) to pertain to the essential needs of the body, (ii) to relate to a distinct set of objects, e.g. food or drink, and (iii) to cause behaviour aiming at sensory pleasure. Exploring how the notion of appetite, directly and indirectly, connects with Plato’s other purposes in these dialogues, this dissertation sets out to evaluate these ideas. By asking, and answering, three philosophically and interpretatively crucial questions, individually linked to the arguments of the dialogues, this thesis aims to show (i) that the relationship between appetite and the body is not a matter of survival, and that appetite is better understood in terms of excess; (ii) that appetite is multiform and cannot be defined in terms of a distinct set of objects; and (iii) that appetite, in Plato, can also pertain to non-sensory objects, such as articulated discourse. Chapter one asks what the universe can teach us about embodied life. It argues that Plato, in the Timaeus, works with an important link between the universe and the soul, and that the account of disorder, irrationality and multiformity identifying a pre-cosmic condition of the universe provides a key to understanding the excessive behaviour and condition of a soul dominated by appetite. Chapter two asks why the philosophers of the Republic’s Kallipolis return to the cave, and suggests that Plato’s notion of the noble lie provides a reasonable account of this. By exploring the Republic’s ideas of education, poetry and tradition, it argues that appetite – a multiform and appearance oriented source of motivation – is an essential part of this account. Chapter three asks why Socrates characterizes the speeches of the Phaedrus as deceptive games. It proposes that this question should be understood in the light of two distinctions: one between playful and serious discourse and one between simple and multiform. It argues that the speeches of the Phaedrus are multiform games, and suggests that appetite is the primary source of motivation of the soul addressed, personified by Phaedrus.

Im Rahmen eines Lehrforschungspraktikums am Institut für Soziologie der Universität Leipzig hat im Sommer- und Wintersemester 2001/2002 eine postalische Befragung zum Berufseinstieg und beruflichen Werdegang von Leipziger Hochschulabsolventen der \"Fakultät für Sozialwissenschaften und Philosophie\" stattgefunden. Thematische Schwerpunkte dieser Absolventenbefragung sind neben relevanten Faktoren für einen erfolgreichen Berufseinstieg, einer Evaluation des Studiums und den Gründen für einen Studienabbruch bzw. –ortswechsel auch die Rolle sozialer Netzwerke für den Berufseinstieg gewesen. Die Beschreibung wichtiger Eigenschaften solcher ego-zentrierter sozialen Netzwerke hinsichtlich der Merkmale Geschlechtshomophilie, Bildungshomogenität und Netzwerkdichte bildet den Schwerpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit.:Einleitung; Hypothesen zu Merkmalen sozialer Netzwerke bei der Jobsuche; Empirische Prüfung der Hypothesen; Fazit

Über den Nutzen sozialer Beziehungen bei der Beschäftigungssuche wurden verschiedene Untersuchungen mit dem Ziel durchgeführt, diesen Effekt zu replizieren. Die positiven Auswirkungen sozialer Beziehungen auf die Chancen eines beruflichen Aufstiegs, auf das Einkommen und die berufliche Position konnten dabei im Großen und Ganzen bestätigt werden. Insofern ist die Bedeutung sozialer Netzwerke bei der Besetzung von Stellen ein relativ gesichertes Ergebnis der Arbeitsmarktforschung. Zumeist stand dabei der berufliche Aufstieg und weniger der Berufsteinstieg im Vordergrund. In der vorliegenden Studie sollen die Ergebnisse der Befragung ehemaliger Studierender der Fakultät für Sozialwissenschaften und Philosophie der Universität Leipzig vorgestellt werden. Insofern findet eine Verknüpfung zweier Forschungstraditionen - der Erforschung der Suchstrategien auf dem Arbeitsmarkt und der Absolventen- und Verbleibsstudien - statt, wie es sie bisher in dieser Form nicht gegeben hat. Dabei geht es einerseits um die Auswirkungen sozialer Beziehungen am Ende des Studiums beim Berufseinstieg, insbesondere auf die Dauer der Suche nach der ersten Arbeitsstelle und auf das Einkommen und die Zufriedenheit in dieser Beschäftigungsposition, andererseits um den Einfluss sozialer Beziehungen auf den weiteren Berufserfolg zwei Jahre nach dem Ende des Studiums.:Einleitung; Soziale Netzwerke und soziales Kapital bei der Arbeitssuche; Hypothesen, Forschungsfragen und Operationalisierung; Ergebnisse; Zusammenfassung