Στόχος της προκείμενης έρευνάς μου είναι η περιγραφή του φωνηεντικού συστήματος της Παφίτικων λαμβάνοντας υπόψη σημαντικές παραμέτρους που επηρεάζουν την πραγμάτωση των φωνηέντων. Να υπογραμμίσω ότι ως αντικείμενο της εργασίας επιλέχθηκαν τα φωνήεντα (και όχι τα σύμφωνα) διότι αυτά εμφανίζουν κάποιες σημαντικές ιδιότητες για την έρευνά μου. Πρωτίστως, τα φωνήεντα είναι ο ‘πυρήνας’ των συλλαβών, οι οποίες πολλές φορές αποτελούνται από μόνο ένα φωνήεν. Επίσης, χρησιμοποιούνται συχνότερα από τα σύμφωνα και μεταφέρουν περισσότερη ακουστική ενέργεια. Η ομάδα των φωνηέντων είναι πιο ομοιογενής όσον αφορά τα φωνητικά τους χαρακτηριστικά, τα οποία είναι απλά και σταθερά. Συνάμα, έχουν μεγαλύτερη διάρκεια από τα σύμφωνα και είναι φορείς του τονισμού (προσωδία) κατά την ομιλία. Η εργασία βασίζεται στην ανάλυση γλωσσικού υλικού ορισμένου αριθμού πληροφορητών της δεύτερης κυρίως γενιάς Κυπρίων με κοινή καταγωγή από την πόλη και επαρχία της Πάφου. Οι λόγοι που με οδήγησαν στην επιλογή του Παφίτικου ιδιώματος ποικίλουν. Αρχικά, η συγκεκριμένη πόλη είναι μικρή, απομονωμένη από τον υπόλοιπο κορμό του νησιού και με μια κοινωνία σαφώς πιο κλειστή και μια οικογένεια πιο συντηρητική και παραδοσιακή. Σημαντικός επίσης παράγοντας για την επιλογή της συγκεκριμένης περιοχής αποτέλεσε το γεγονός ότι συμπεριλαμβάνεται ανάμεσα στα 18 ιδιώματα που τείνουν να εμφανίζονται στο νησί παρουσιάζοντας φωνολογικές και μορφολογικές διαφορές σε σχέση με άλλες περιοχές και έτσι απώτερος σκοπός ήταν να αναδειχθεί η θέση της στη τοπική γλωσσική κοινότητα. Επιπλέον, παρόλο που οι μελέτες για την Κυπριακή διάλεκτο είναι άφθονες, δεν σημειώνεται στη βιβλιογραφία καμία μελέτη για το Παφίτικο ιδίωμα και έτσι θεώρησα ενδιαφέρον να μελετηθεί η έντονη και βαρετή ντοπιολαλιά που ακούγεται με περιέργεια και προκαλεί πειράγματα. Αναλυτικότερα, στόχος της παρούσας εργασίας είναι: α) να εξετάσει την πραγμάτωση των πέντε φωνηέντων σε τρία είδη λόγου (φυσικός λόγος, συνομιλία κατά τη διάρκεια map task test και αναγνωσμένος λόγος) και να εντοπίσει διαφορές λαμβάνοντας υπόψη γλωσσικές και εξωγλωσσικές παραμέτρους που σχετίζονται με το φωνητικό περιβάλλον, τον τόνο καθώς επίσης και τη θέση της συλλαβής και β) να επισημάνει που εντοπίζονται και που οφείλονται οι διαφοροποιήσεις. Βασική υπόθεση της παρούσας έρευνας είναι η εξής: α) αναμένουμε ότι ανάμεσα στο πρώτο και στο δεύτερο είδος λόγου, δηλαδή στον αυθόρμητο φυσικό λόγο και στο λόγο που εκφωνήθηκε κατά τη διάρκεια map task tests ότι θα εμφανίζονται ομοιότητες με βάση τη διάκριση γλωσσικών και εξωγλωσσικών παραμέτρων, καθώς τα map task tests είναι μια διαδικασία παραγωγής φυσικού λόγου. Τα map task tests σχεδιάζονται με τέτοιο τρόπο ώστε να αποσπάσουν συγκεκριμένα παραδείγματα αυθόρμητης γλωσσικής συμπεριφοράς, σε ελεγχόμενες συνθήκες. Αντιθέτως, έντονες διαφοροποιήσεις αναμένουμε να εντοπίσουμε μεταξύ φυσικού και αναγνωσμένου λόγου. Η παρούσα εργασία θα προσπαθήσει να ανταποκριθεί στα ερωτήματα και στις υποθέσεις που διατυπώθηκαν. / --

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T12:28:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-04-08Bitstream added on 2015-04-09T12:48:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000805819.pdf: 2526028 bytes, checksum: 6379d920323d341337e29a853f7f5806 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Esta tese tem por objetivo analisar a língua wauja em seus aspectos fonológicos e morfossintáticos. A língua wauja pertence à família linguística arawak e é falada por aproximadamente 410 pessoas que vivem na aldeia Piyulaga, localizada no Parque Indígena do Xingu, no Estado de Mato Grosso. No presente trabalho, há informações sobre o povo wauja, sua situação linguística, algumas considerações sobre a escola na aldeia e, também, uma explicitação do modelo teórico-metodológico utilizado para a coleta de dados em campo. A revisão bibliográfica aborda as primeiras notícias publicadas sobre os wauja, as listas de palavras, os estudos prévios e a filiação genética da família arawak. Na análise fonológica, foram descritos os segmentos consonantais, vocálicos, aproximantes, padrões silábicos, acento, nasalidade, processos morfofonológicos e, ainda, algumas considerações sobre as convenções ortográficas utilizadas na escola da aldeia. Em relação à morfologia, a tese descreve as seguintes categorias gramaticais: nomes, verbos, adjetivos, advérbios, pronomes, formas interrogativas e quantificadores. Na análise sintática, a tese apresenta os tipos de predicados, as sentenças declarativas, interrogativas, imperativas e as orações complexas, que por sua vez, dividem-se em coordenadas (conjuntivas, adversativas e disjuntivas) e subordinadas (orações complemento, relativas, adverbiais, temporais e causais). Esta tese, portanto, busca contribuir para a documentação, descrição e análise das línguas indígenas brasileiras, em especial, as línguas da família arawak / The aim of this thesis is to analyse the phonological and morphosyntathic aspects of Wauja language. Wauja is part of the Arawak linguistic family and is spoken by approximately 410 people living in Piyulaga village, located in the Xingu Indigenous Park, state of Mato Grosso. This work presents information about Wauja people, their linguistic situation, some considerations on the school of the village, and a presentation of the theoreticalmethodological framework applied to the collecting of field data. The bibliographical review contains the first notes published about Wauja, word lists, early studies of the language, and the genetic affiliation of the Arawak family. In the phonological analysis it is described consonantal, vocalic and approximant segments, syllabic patterns, stress, nasality, morphophonological processes, and some considerations on the orthographical conventions used in the school of the village. Concerning the morphology, this thesis describes the following grammatical categories: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, interrogative forms and quantifiers. In the syntactical analysis, this dissertation presents the kinds of predicates, declarative, interrogative, and imperative sentences. It also presents complex sentences, which can be coordinate (conjunctive, adversative and disjunctive) and subordinated (complement, relative, adverbial, temporal and causal). This thesis therefore aims to contribute to the documentation, description and analysis of Brazilian indigenous languages, specially the languages of Arawak family / FAPESP: 2010/03000-3

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:43:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1233471 bytes, checksum: 18383a1198cd8f692689f5bbdff60511 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / There has been a lot of discussion about the post-vocalic /s/ and its variable behavior in Brazilian Portugueses, as in Brescancini Brescancini (2002); Callou, Leite, Moraes (2002); Hora (2003); Ribeiro (2006); among others. All of them agree that /s/ occupies the coda position, alternating alveolar (ca[s]ca, me[z]mo, feli[s]), palatal (po[]te, de[]de, mai[]) and glotal (de[h]de, me[h]mo, mai[h]) realizations, and also deletion (me[]mo, mai[]), when the syllabic pattern turns into the less marked one (CV). Although this conception is widespread within the phonological theory, we believe that the particular status the coronal fricative possesses in relation to liquids and nasals (those licensed to occupy the coda position in Brazilian Portuguese) is a fact that deserves to be observed more carefully and one that can lead to another way of analysis. According to Harris & Gussmann (1998) and Ewen & Hulst (2001), some syllables can be formed by onset with a phonetically non-filled nucleus. Accordingly, these syllables satisfy the less marked pattern (CV) in underlying representation, but they do not show, in some cases, the phonetic representation in the surface. The fricatives would be prone to sustain the syllable weigh, since they have more frequency in duration in their production, and as such they do not need, in theory, the phonetic realization of their nuclei. These arguments make us, therefore, propose another classification of the post-vocalic /s/, considering it onset of a phonetically empty nucleus, that, in some dialects, is realized in final position ([fajzi], [majzi]). Therefore, our aim is to analyze the post-vocalic /s/ in Brazilian Portuguese, with the variationist results from Brescancini (2002); Callou, Leite, Moraes (2002); Hora (2003) and Ribeiro (2006), in order to highlight its variable pattern and to propose a ranking for Brazilian Portuguese, using, for such, the Optimality Theory (OT) in Coetzee‟s perspective. In this proposal, the evaluator (EVAL) realizes a harmonic ranking for the set of candidates, in a way that the losers are also ranked, that is, both the constraints and the candidates are ranked. In this way, it is possible to work with non-categorical phenomena, as such related to variation, and to produce a proficuous link between the Sociolinguistic Research and Optimality Theory. / Muito já se discutiu sobre o /s/ pós-vocálico e seu comportamento variável no português brasileiro, a exemplo dos trabalhos de Brescancini (2002); Callou, Leite, Moraes (2002); Hora (2003); Ribeiro (2006); dentre outros. Em todos eles, é consenso que o /s/ pós-vocálico ocupa a posição de coda, alternando-se entre as realizações alveolar (ca[s]ca, me[z]mo, feli[s]), palatal (po[]te, de[]de, mai[]) e glotal (de[h]de, me[h]mo, mai[h]), podendo, ainda, sofrer apagamento (me[]mo, mai[]), encaixando-se, dessa forma, no padrão silábico menos marcado (CV). Embora essa concepção seja bastante difundida na teoria fonológica, acreditamos que o perfil diferenciado que a fricativa coronal pós-vocálica possui em relação às líquidas e às nasais, consoantes licenciadas a ocupar a posição de coda no português brasileiro (PB), seja um fato que merece ser observado com mais cuidado e que pode levar a outro caminho de análise. Segundo Harris e Gussmann (1998) e Ewen e Hulst (2001), algumas sílabas podem ser formadas por onset com núcleo foneticamente não preenchido. De acordo com o proposto, essas sílabas satisfazem o padrão menos marcado (CV) na subjacência, mas não apresentam, em alguns casos, a representação fonética na superfície. As fricativas, por possuírem uma maior freqüência de duração em sua produção, seriam uma das consoantes mais propícias para sustentarem o peso da sílaba, não necessitando, em tese, da realização fonética de seu núcleo. Esses argumentos nos fazem, portanto, propor outra classificação do /s/ pós-vocálico, considerando-o onset de núcleo foneticamente vazio que, em alguns dialetos, chega a se realizar na posição final ([fajzi], [majzi]). Diante desse fato, é nosso objetivo analisar o /s/ pós-vocálico no PB, através dos resultados variacionistas de Brescancini (2002); Callou, Leite, Moraes (2002); Hora (2003) e Ribeiro (2006), a fim de salientar o seu padrão variável e propor uma hierarquização para o PB, utilizando, para tanto, a Teoria da Otimalidade (TO) na perspectiva de Coetzee (2004). Nessa proposta, o avaliador (EVAL) realiza um ordenamento harmônico para o conjunto completo dos candidatos, de forma que os perdedores também são ordenados entre si, ou seja, tanto as restrições são hierarquizadas como os candidatos analisados como variantes são ordenados. Dessa forma é possível trabalhar com fenômenos não-categóricos, a exemplo dos relacionados à variação, e efetivar um casamento profícuo entre a Pesquisa Sociolingüística e a Teoria da Otimalidade.

This dissertation argues that the affrication of /t/ and /d/ before /ɹ/ is an active sound change in progress that has been phonologized. Despite numerous references to it in the literature, no experimental work has been undertaken to investigate the phenomenon. This dissertation aims to fill that gap. Conducted over three separate studies, the research presented in subsequent chapters explores three specific questions: Q1: Apparent Time Study – Is the phenomenon of /tɹ/ and /dɹ/ affrication in English a sound change in progress? Q2: Production Study – Are English /t/ and /d/ in /tɹ/ and /dɹ/ clusters articulated like prevocalic [t] and [d], like prevocalic [tʃ] and [dʒ], like neither, or like both? Q3: Perception Study – Do English speakers categorize affricated variants of /t/ found in /tɹ/ clusters as T or CH? Chapter 2 presents results from an Apparent Time Study, which examines sociolinguistic interview data from a corpus of Raleigh, North Carolina English speakers of different ages, all born in the 20th century. The Raleigh corpus is considered to be a suitable choice for conducting this investigation for several reasons. First, it is expected that the phonetic motivation for /tɹ/ and /dɹ/ affrication will be present in any English-speaking community. Second, Raleigh experienced an influx of technology workers to the area from Northern regions of the United States in the middle of the 20th century, following the development of Research Triangle Park (RTP), making it plausible that the resulting dialect contact may have led to the introduction of novel affricated variants to the region. Third, /tɹ/ affrication has been implicated in s-retraction (in /stɹ/ clusters), which is a sound change in progress that has been reported in Raleigh English. The Apparent Time Study aims to determine whether /tɹ/ and /dɹ/ affrication, if present, is a sound change in progress and/or whether the emergence of affricated variants may have been the result of dialect contact. Building on these findings, Chapter 3 presents results from a Production Study conducted in Raleigh, North Carolina, which captures audio, ultrasound, and video data in order to investigate how English speakers’ /tɹ/ and /dɹ/ sequences are coarticulated. The Production Study provides an opportunity to find out how affricated variants of /t/ and /d/ before /ɹ/ are articulated. Chapter 4 presents results from a Perception Study, which explores how listeners (from the Production Study) categorize affricated variants of /t/ spliced from before /ɹ/. Chapter 5 compares results from across studies, and Chapter 6 provides a general discussion and conclusion.

Notre thèse traite de la rétroflexion et de la corrélation double de voisement et d’aspiration tant du point de vue phonétique que phonologique. En utilisant la palatographie et la linguographie directes, nous avons montré que les coronales simples sont produites majoritairement comme des lamino-dento-alvéolaires, les affriquées comme des lamino-alvéolaires, et enfin que les rétroflexes varient entre le type cacuminal et le type rétroflexe. Les différentes modélisations phonologiques des segments coronaux ont été examinées et confrontées à nos résultats dans une perspective de phonologie de laboratoire. Renvoyant principalement au mouvement vertical de la pointe de langue, nous avons proposé un trait [rétroflexe], en tant que trait de manière rattaché au noeud coronal. L’étude de la corrélation de voisement et d’aspiration a d’abord été menée au niveau acoustique. Le modèle ACT (Mikuteit & Reetz 2007) que nous avons utilisé, nous a permis de décrire acoustiquement les quatre types d’occlusives du népali tant du point qualitatif que quantitatif. Cependant, l’ACT (After Closure Time) n’a pu être utilisé comme paramètre unique pour les distinguer alors qu’il était suffisant en bengali. Nous avons ensuite mené une étude des contraintes cooccurrencielles entre occlusives aspirées, en nous fondant sur l’analyse du dictionnaire népali en ligne de R.L. Turner (1931). Nous avons pu dégager la généralisation suivante : hormis certaines racines contenant les séquences de type /Tʰ…h/ (où Tʰ = n’importe quelle occlusive aspirée et sourde), les occlusives aspirées sont absentes des affixes et les combinaisons de racines et d’affixes contiennent au maximum une aspirée. / Our thesis deals with the retroflexion and the voicing and aspiration contrasts in Nepali from a phonological and phonetic point of view. Using palatography and linguography, we showed that dentals are mainly produced as lamino-denti-alveolar, affricates as lamino-denti-alveolar and, at last, that retroflexes vary, being either cacuminal or retroflex.Various phonological models of coronal features were examined and compared in the light of our articulatory results in a Laboratory Phonology perspective. Referring mainly to the vertical movement of the tip of the tongue, we proposed the feature [retroflex], as a manner feature attached to the coronal node. The study of the voicing and aspiration contrast was first done at the acoustical level. The ACT model (Mikuteit & Reetz 2007) provides us for a useful tool to describe acoustically the four types of stops in Nepali, from a qualitative as well as a quantitative point of view. However, ACT (After Closure time) could not be used as a single parameter to distinguish them, while it was sufficient in Bengali. Finally, we performed a study of co-occurrence constraints between aspirated stops, based on the analysis of the online Nepali dictionary of R. L. Turner. We could extract the following generalisation: except in some roots including sequences such as /Tʰ…h/ (where Tʰ= any aspirated unvoiced stops), the aspirated stops are not found in affixes and combinations of roots and affixes contain maximally one aspirated stop.

Listeners identify talkers more accurately when they are familiar with both the sounds and words of the language being spoken. It is unknown whether lexical information alone can facilitate talker identification in the absence of familiar phonology. To dissociate the roles of familiar words and phonology, we developed English-Mandarin “hybrid” sentences, spoken in Mandarin, which can be convincingly coerced to sound like English when presented with corresponding subtitles (e.g., “wei4 gou3 chi1 kao3 li2 zhi1” becomes “we go to college”). Across two experiments, listeners learned to identify talkers in three conditions: listeners' native language (English), an unfamiliar, foreign language (Mandarin), and a foreign language paired with subtitles that primed native language lexical access (subtitled Mandarin). In Experiment 1 listeners underwent a single session of talker identity training; in Experiment 2 listeners completed three days of training. Talkers in a foreign language were identified no better when native language lexical representations were primed (subtitled Mandarin) than from foreign-language speech alone, regardless of whether they had received one or three days of talker identity training. These results suggest that the facilitatory effect of lexical access on talker identification depends on the availability of familiar phonological forms.

Research has shown that fine-grained consonantal phonetic information can be gradiently integrated during spoken word recognition in the L1. However, the way listeners categorize vocalic phonetic information has not been investigated as thoroughly. Furthermore, second language (L2) listeners’ processing of fine-grained information is not as well known as L1 processing. L1 Canadian French (CF) listeners and L2 listeners (native English) were tested in an eye tracking paradigm with words containing partially nasalized (CVN) and fully nasal (CṼ) vowels. Stimuli were designed to have variable nasalization duration on the vowel, and sometimes include a short nasal consonant word-finally. The main goals were to determine how nasalization duration influences word recognition in an L1 and an L2, and if variations in phonetic details are gradiently or categorically integrated. Results show that L1 listeners gradiently were able to identify the stimuli when they contained mismatching phonetic cues, while L2 listeners display more categorical patterns of recognition. When stimuli do not have conflicting phonetic cues, L1 listeners mostly identify words as CṼ, except when the vowel is not nasalized. For L2 listeners, the pattern was similar, but the rate of stimuli identification as phonological nasal (CṼ) was lower due to L1 transfer. These results support the hypothesis that L1 listeners have phonological representations that include fine-grained phonetic information and that they consider it when recognizing words. On the other hand, L2 listeners who have less experience in the L2 display more categorical recognition patterns, probably because their representations include coarser phonetic information or because they cannot access fine-grained representations, given the cognitive demands of L2 processing. When words do not contain conflicting phonetic cues, patterns of recognition of both L1 and L2 listeners seem more categorical, even though L2 listeners displayed lower rates of identification than L1 listeners overall. This uncertainty can also be due to less detailed phonological representations or to their inability to access all the necessary information to recognize words. Overall, these results suggest that fine-grained phonetic information gradiently impacts word recognition, that it is part of phono-lexical representations, and that L2 processing is qualitatively and quantitatively different from L1 processing.

La representación teórica dew1 objeto o de un proceso constituye la hipó­tesis del investigador sobre qué es tal objeto o cómo se lleva a cabo dicho proceso. La fonología es un área privilegiada en la que se puede observar esto con facilidad: la ontología fonológica -el conjunto de objetos que confor­man los procesos o fenómenos fonológicos-no está dada a priori ; debe ser construida teóricamente por el lingüista con el fin de dar cuenta de los daros de que dispone. En esta presentación, muestro distintas maneras de representar el conocido fenómeno fonológico de descenso o apertura de las vocales del quechua, desde la concepción de Trubetzkoy hasta la teoría de laoptimalidad.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-03-28T13:39:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) roberta_silva_santos.pdf: 2546081 bytes, checksum: 6714b8b3e84a0d5ab86af88cac890fb7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-03-29T13:16:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) roberta_silva_santos.pdf: 2546081 bytes, checksum: 6714b8b3e84a0d5ab86af88cac890fb7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-29T13:16:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) roberta_silva_santos.pdf: 2546081 bytes, checksum: 6714b8b3e84a0d5ab86af88cac890fb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / O presente estudo consiste em identificar em que condi??es s?o trabalhados os aspectos fon?ticos-fonol?gicos da l?ngua inglesa durante o processo de forma??o docente do curso de Letras Portugu?s Ingl?s da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Dentre esses aspectos, lan?a-se um olhar para os preceitos discutidos no N?cleo de L?ngua Franca, bem como ? orienta??o para o uso dos s?mbolos fon?ticos e da articula??o dos sons. Almeida Filho (2004) afirma que, para o docente de l?ngua estrangeira, h? cinco compet?ncias necess?rias, a serem adquiridas durante a forma??o; dentre elas, o autor destaca as compet?ncias lingu?sticocomunicativa e a impl?cita. Esta pesquisa entende que, al?m dessas, a compet?ncia te?rica tamb?m merece destaque, uma vez que ela ? respons?vel por unir e articular a teoria com a pr?tica. Nesse sentido, considerando a atual posi??o do ingl?s como l?ngua internacional e a necessidade de se obter uma pron?ncia intelig?vel, o estudo te?rico dos aspectos fon?ticos e fonol?gicos do ingl?s, segundo Mussalim (2001), s?o essenciais para reconhecer a estrutura da l?ngua e entender o funcionamento do sistema fonol?gico no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da linguagem. Em fun??o dessa vertente comunicativista, rompe-se com o par?metro de buscar uma pron?ncia igual ? de um nativo e desenvolve-se a perspectiva da comunica??o intelig?vel. Assim, o referencial te?rico desta disserta??o apresenta autores como Kenworthy (1987), Jenkins (2000), Rajagopalan (2004), Seidlhofer (2005), bem como Leffa (2001), Almeida Filho (2004), Gimenez (2004), dentre outros, que valorizam as premissas da inteligibilidade e o reflexo de seus princ?pios na forma??o docente. Para responder ? pergunta desta pesquisa, a constru??o da abordagem metodol?gica envolveu o uso da observa??o, an?lise do projeto pol?tico pedag?gico do curso de Letras da universidade investigada e a aplica??o de question?rio misto. Ap?s levantamento dos dados, realizaram-se an?lises qualitativa e quantitativa. Com o resultado, foi poss?vel inferir que as abordagens em rela??o ao sistema fonol?gico do ingl?s encontram-se superficialmente presentes no curso de Letras Portugu?s Ingl?s da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Por isso, espera-se que os resultados deste estudo possam colaborar para intensificar o direcionamento em rela??o ? inteligibilidade na pron?ncia do ingl?s, tendo, como alternativa, por exemplo, o N?cleo de L?ngua Franca, proposto por Jenkins (2000). / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Educa??o, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / The present study consists in identifying the existence of phonetic-phonological features in relation to the pronunciation of the English language in the education course of Letras Portugu?s/Ingl?s of the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. One of these features is related to the principles discussed in the Language Franca Core, as well as some orientation about the use of phonetic symbols and the articulation of sounds. Almeida Filho (2004) states that for the foreign-language teachers need to develop five competences during the education process, among these competences; the author emphasizes the linguisticcommunicative and the implicit one. This research understands that besides these, the theoretical competence also deserves to be highlighted, since it is responsible for connecting and articulating theory with practice. In this context, considering the current position of English as an international language and the conception of the intelligible pronunciation, it is necessary to study the theory of phonetic and phonological aspects of English language. According Mussalim (2001) it is essential to recognize the structure of the language and understanding the functioning of the phonological system in the process of teaching language learning. Because of this communicative aspect, it is interesting to break the pragmatic of a pronunciation similar to a native and develop a perspective of intelligible communication. For this reason, the theoretical reference of this dissertation presents authors such as Kenworthy (1987), Jenkins (2000), Rajagopalan (2004), Seidlhofer (2005), as well as Leffa (2001), Almeida Filho (2004), Gimenez (2004), among others. These authors emphasize the principles of intelligibility and the reflection of its ideologies in teacher education. To answer the question of this research, the methodological approach involved the use of observation, analysis of the pedagogical political project of the English education course, and a questionnaire. After data collection, qualitative and quantitative analyzes were implemented. According to the result, it was possible to infer that the approaches regarding the phonological system of English are superficially present in the Letras Portugu?s/Ingl?s course of the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Therefore, it is expected that the results of this study can contribute to intensify the direction of intelligibility in the pronunciation of English, taking as an alternative, Language Franca Core proposed by Jenkins (2000).

Esta tese trata do estatuto silábico das consoantes finais /r, l, s, n/ no Português. Partimos, inicialmente, da proposta de Harris e Gussmann (1998), segundo a qual as consoantes finais não ocupam a coda silábica, mas são onsets de sílabas com núcleos vazios. Essa proposta baseia-se em uma concepção de estrutura silábica independente da estrutura segmental e que obedece às condições próprias (condições de licenciamento), as quais determinam a boa formação silábica. Nesse sentido, a estrutura silábica pode ser bem formada independentemente da estrutura segmental que a preenche. Assim se explica a ideia de Harris e Gussmann (1998) de núcleos vazios, isto é, de sílabas bem-formadas em termos de estrutura silábica, mas com núcleo não preenchido. Para procedermos a esta discussão, o trabalho foi subdividido em quatro capítulos. No primeiro, apresentamos a abordagem de que consoantes finais são onsets, buscando entender as implicações dessa abordagem e seus desdobramentos. Fazemos também uma comparação com abordagens alternativas, como a da extraprosodicidade e das semissílabas. Noções como a de licenciamento e outros detalhes da perspectiva adotada por Harris e Gussmann (1998) são explicitadas no capítulo 2, no qual também buscamos abordar os principais pressupostos da tese. Embasamo-nos na perspectiva de que a gramática é regida por princípios e parâmetros, admitindo marginalmente a existência de condições e regras específicas à língua. Adotamos também a perspectiva da existência de mais de um nível representacional. A abordagem considera tanto níveis derivacionais, como proposto pela Fonologia Lexical, Kiparsky (1982), quanto a de representação abstrata das estruturas fonológicas, com vários níveis (tiers) estruturais independentes, hierarquicamente organizados. Dessa forma, o núcleo vazio é criado no Léxico e pode ser preenchido, ainda nesse nível, por vogais introduzidas pela sufixação e pela flexão. Por outro lado, uma sílaba com núcleo vazio pode prosseguir até o nível pós-lexical sem precisar ser preenchido com conteúdo segmental. No capítulo 3, trazemos algumas línguas para as quais foi defendida na literatura a existência de consoante final como onset de um núcleo vazio, que denominamos línguas NV. Diferentes processos ilustram a existência dessas categorias após uma consoante na posição final. A observação das evidências para os núcleos não preenchidos foneticamente em distintos idiomas reforça a ideia de que eles sejam estruturas representacionais possíveis; além disso, traz informações para a construção da argumentação da análise de núcleos vazios para o Português. No capítulo 4, argumentamos pela análise das consoantes finais /l, r, s/ como onsets de sílabas com núcleos vazios. Para essa argumentação, trazemos inicialmente a análise do estatuto silábico das consoantes finais no Português Europeu, com base em Mateus e D’Andrade (2000). Em seguida, analisamos argumentos baseados na literatura sobre o Português Brasileiro para cada um dos segmentos finais, mostrando que a análise como onset final é compatível com o comportamento observando para essas consoantes. A nasal final, por sua vez, não pode ser considerada onset como as outras, pois se trata do processo de nasalização da vogal, em que não há um segmento consonantal, mas um glide nasal, conforme Battisti (1997). Por fim, propomos a representação de uma estrutura CVC] como constituída silabicamente como CV.CØ]. A análise adota, ainda, a existência do Parâmetro da Consoante Final que estaria ativado no Português Brasileiro. / This thesis focuses on the syllabic status of word-final consonants /r, l, s, n/ in Portuguese. We had as initial proposal the one presented by Harris and Gussmann (1998), according to which word-final consonants do not occupy the syllable coda, but the onset of a syllable containing an empty nucleus. Such proposal is based on a conception of syllable structure independent of the segmental structure and obeys constraints (licensing constraints) that determine the syllable well-formedness. Following this assumption, the syllable structure can be well-formed independently of the segmental structure that fills it. This explains the authors’ idea of empty nuclei, i.e. of well-formed syllables in terms of syllable structure despite an unfilled nucleus. To proceed to this discussion, this work was divided into four chapters. On the first chapter, we present the approach of C] as onsets, as a way of understanding the implications of this approach and their unfolding. We also compare it to alternative approaches, such as the extraprosodicity and the semisyllable ones. The notion of licensing, among other notions, and some other details of the perspective adopted by Harris e Gussmann (1998) are presented on Chapter 2, on which we also try to make the main presuppositions of this thesis explicit. We adopted the perspective of a grammar ruled by principles and parameters, assuming marginally the existence of specific conditions and rules to the language. We also adopted the perspective that assumes the existence of more than one representational level. This approach considers both the derivational levels, as proposed by Lexical Phonology, Kiparsky (1982), and the abstract representation of phonological structures, with independent structural tiers, hierarchically organized. Thus the empty nucleus is created on the Lexicon and can be filled, on this same tier, by vowels inserted through suffixation and inflection. On the other hand, an onset of a syllable containing an empty nucleus can proceed up to the pos-lexical level without being necessary to be filled by any segmental content. On chapter 3, we mention some languages to which it was assumed the existence of word-final consonant as the onset of an empty nucleus. These languages are named NV languages. Different processes show the existence of empty nucleus after a word-final consonant. The observation of evidences to empty nuclei in different languages reinforces the idea that these empty nuclei are possible representational structures; besides, it carries information to the argumentation construction of the empty nucleus analysis in Portuguese. On chapter 4, we argue for the word-final consonants /l, r, s/ analysis as onsets of syllables containing empty nuclei. For this argument, we bring up the analysis of the syllabic status of word-final consonants in the European Portuguese, based on Mateus e D’Andrade (2000). Then we analyze arguments based on the literature about Brazilian Portuguese to each word-final segment, showing that the word-final onset analysis is compatible with the behavior observed to these consonants. The word-final nasal, however, cannot be considered syllable onset as the other consonants, because this represents the vowel nasalization process, in which there is no consonantal segment, but a nasal glide instead, according to Battisti (1997). Finally, we propose the representation of a CVC] structure as CV.CØ]. This analysis adopts the existence of Word-final Consonant Parameter that would be active in the Brazilian Portuguese.