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Problem: Mostly attributed to lack of time, only about 15% of Canadian adults are currently reaching the Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines (CPAG). Recently, studies have suggested that any bout of aerobic exercise reaching moderate to vigorous intensity has the potential to improve health. Methods: Sixty adults (20 young non-overweight adults, 20 overweight adults, 20 older adults) already doing some resistance training (RT) were recruited. Participants performed eight RT exercises during three visits. The objective was to identify the proportion of time spent at moderate to vigorous intensity during RT sessions. Results: Overall, the participants were at moderate to vigorous intensity during 82% of the time. However, the older adult group compared to the young adult group spent lower proportion of time at moderate to vigorous intensity during RT sessions. Conclusion: Most Canadian adults can reach HR equivalent to those achieved during moderate to vigorous aerobic activity by doing RT.

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate attitude and practice to prescribe physical activity accordingly FaR® rules among personal at the specialized department of the University Hospital. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was used to answer the purpose. The data were collected using specially designed questionnaire. That contained 11 questions related to interest and complications to use FaR® as a treatment method. A total of 38 individuals participated in the study. The data were analyzed by a descriptive approach through statistical program SPSS. Results: Participants (physicians and nurses) showed very positive attitude to promote physical activity among their patients to achieve better treatment results. In general, both physicians and nurses were positive to the FaR®, as a special tool. However, only 30% of the practitioners who participated in this study used FaR® in their daily practice.  Not scepticism or lack of time was primarily reasons of so low implementation of FaR®. Lack of knowledge about details of FaR® prescription and clear instructions how to do that were perceived as the main obstacle to the prescription of the FaR®. Conclusion: The results showed that there exists clearly positive attitude to use FaR® as an element of treatment of hospitals patients. Obtained results indicate the necessity of better information about the FaR® as a method and more clearly described routine and orders how to implement this method. / Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar förskrivningen av FaR® utav den legitimerade personalen på en medicinsk thorax division vid ett universitets sjukhus. Metod: För att besvara syftet användes en enkät. Totalt 38 personer deltog i studien. De fick besvara ett frågeformulär med 11 frågor om kunskap, utbildning, attityd och praktisk tillämpning av FaR®. Resultat: Resultatet visade att alla respondenter hade en mycket god attityd och inställning till användningen av fysisk aktivitet som terapeutiskt instrument och till förskrivning av FaR®. Dock förskrev endast 30 procent av personalen FaR®. Knappt hälften hade fått någon utbildning inom FaR® och kunskapsbrist om förskrivningen av FaR® var det främsta hindret till förskrivningen av FaR®. I kommentarer till frågan om upplevda hinder till förskrivningen av FaR®, noterade många respondenter också brist på rutin, instruktion och detaljerad beskrivning av FaR® i praktiken. Slutsats: Enligt denna undersökning finns det en positiv attityd bland sjukhusets personal till användningen av FaR®. Varken underskattning av FaR® eller tidsbrist kunde räknas som aktuella hinder till förskrivningen. Men det som kan anses påverka förskrivningen negativt är att det fanns en stor kunskapsbrist om hur förskrivningen av FaR® går till. Om personalen skulle få utbildning skulle troligtvis förskrivningen öka.

The purpose of the present programme was to develop and validate a theoretically-grounded instrument to measure the planned and unplanned dimensions of lifestyle PA (PPA and UPA; Dunn, Andersen, & Jakicic, 1998). In Study 1, two samples of British adults (Internet: N = 742; paper: N = 563) were used to establish the content validity of the Brunel Lifestyle Physical Activity Questionnaire (BLPAQ). Exploratory factor analysis yielded a two-factor model (UPA and PPA) that produced acceptable fit indices using confirmatory factors analyses with both samples. The purpose of Study 2 was to examine the test-retest reliability of the BLPAQ over 5 weeks using a sample of leisure centre users, university staff members, and university students (N = 337). High correlations were observed between the two administrations (range = .93-.98; p < .01). Thereafter, the data were subjected to proportion of agreement (PoA) analysis as advocated by Nevill, Lane, Kilgor, Bowes, and Whyte (2001). Both PPA and UPA demonstrated satisfactorily high internal agreement (PoA > 95%). In Study 3, the BLPAQ was cross-validated using two criterion measures: the Baecke Questionnaire of Habitual Physical Activity (Baecke, Burema, & Frijters, 1982) and the Godin’s Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (Godin & Shephard, 1985). Multiple linear regressions were performed to predict PPA and UPA from the subscales of the two reference measures. The predictive models differed markedly in terms of gender. Subsequently, the sample of 338 British adults was divided into two subsamples, and these were subjected to a cross-validation using the Limits of Agreement (LoA) methodology advocated by Bland and Altman (1986). The agreement plots revealed that both BLPAQ subscales demonstrated acceptable inter-sample agreement when compared to the criterion measures. In Study 4, a series of structural equation models were tested with the aim of predicting PPA and UPA using the variables that constitute the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). The TPB was able to predict PPA but not UPA. The addition of a direct path between past behaviour to UPA did not result in a significant prediction. Further work is required to examine the factorial structure of the PPA subscale and to increase the number of items in the UPA subscale. In sum, the programme has contributed a valid and reliable theory-based measure of PA as well as evidence to support the utility of the TPB in PA research. However, the TPB framework may require the addition of predictors such as past behaviour and actual behavioural control.

Hipotezė. 9-10 klasių berniukų, patiriančių vidutinę fizinio aktyvumo apimtį su sveikata susijusio fizinio pajėgumo rezultatai (širdies ir kvėpavimo sistemų pajėgumas, raumenų galingumas ir kūno kompozicija) yra geresni nei patiriančių mažą fizinį pajėgumą. Tyrimo objektas – 9-10 klasių berniukų fizinio aktyvumo apimtis ir fizinis pajėgumas. Tyrimo tikslas. Nustatyti ir palyginti vidutinį ir mažą fizinį aktyvumą patiriančių 9-10 klasių berniukų fizinio pajėgumo rezultatus. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti fizinio aktyvumo apimtį (intensyvumą, trukmę ir dažnumą); 2. Nustatyti vidutinį ir mažą fizinį aktyvumą patiriančių berniukų fizinio pajėgumo rezultatus. 3. Palyginti vidutinį ir mažą fizinį aktyvumą patiriančių berniukų fizinio pajėgumo rezultatus. Tiriamųjų kontingentas. Tiriamąją apimtį sudarė atsitiktine tvarka pasirinktų trijų Kauno miesto mokyklų 9-10 klasių mokiniai (60 berniukų). Tyrimo metodai: Anketinė apklausa pagal Internacional Physical Activity Questionaire (IPAQ) (Barbara Ainsworth, 2000). Tiriamųjų kūno kompoziciją matavome bioelektrinės varžos metodu. Matuoti šie rodikliai: kūno masės indeksas (KMI), santykinis riebalų kiekis (%). Širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos pajėgumui vertinti atlikome tyrimą „Monark“ veloergometru. Šuolio aukščiui ir galingumui matuoti buvo naudojama kontaktinė (SBM-1) platforma, kurios duomenys buvo apskaičiuojami pagal Bosco siūlomą formulę. Tyrimo rezultatai: 33 proc. 9-10 klasių berniukai patiria didelį fizino aktyvumo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Hypothesis. Phisical activity amuont interacts with force for phisical fitness, which is related with health – cardiovascular system fitness, muscular power and body composition of 9-10 form boys. Research subject. A phisical activity and phisical fitness of 9-10 form boys. Research goal. To determinate phisical activity amount and it`s interaction with phisical fitness results. Research objectives: 1. To indentify physical activity volume 2. To indentify boy`s moderate and low physical activity results and compare them between each other. The contingent of investigatives. The inkuiring amount was made by the accidental method by picking 9-10 form boys group (60 boys) from three Kaunas schools. Research methods. Questionare by Internacional Physical Activity Questionaire (IPAQ) (Barbara Ainsworth 2000). The body composition of the investigated people has been measured according bioelectrical impedance method. The following indicators have been measured: weight index (BMI), relative fat mass (%). To assess the cardiovascular system fitness has been used a research by „Monark“ veloergometer. To measure jump high and fitness has been used a contact platform (SBM-1), which results have been calculated by Bosco formula. Research results The research results of the intensity amuont has been shown, that 33 proc. a high phisicaly intensive boys of 9-10 form, who have phisical activity average 130min. a day and even 5 days a week. Moderate intensity boys, who constitute 35 proc... [to full text]

Rising obesity rates and low physical activity levels among children and youth are a global concern due to links to adverse health outcomes, poor quality of life, and an increased burden on the health care system. One response to the problem has been the implementation of school-based physical activity and nutrition policies. For example, the Ontario Ministry of Education’s Daily Physical Activity (DPA) Policy mandates that all elementary school students receive at least 20 minutes of physical activity per day. This exploratory research sought to understand the local-level factors shaping implementation of DPA, from the perspective of elementary school teachers and principals. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with Ontario grade 1-8 teachers (n=14) and elementary school principals (n=5) regarding DPA implementation, facilitators, barriers, perceived outcomes, and suggestions for change. Interviews were audio recorded (with permission) and transcribed verbatim for subsequent thematic analysis using NVivo. Although all but two participants indicated they had implemented DPA, the majority reported that students were not meeting the requirement daily. Findings were organized using the Analysis Grid for Environments Linked to Obesity (ANGELO) framework. Implementation facilitators were focused within the microenvironment (i.e., classrooms and schools), while barriers were identified within both the micro- and macroenvironments (i.e., classrooms, schools, school boards, and the Ministry of Education). Both teachers and principals considered DPA a lower priority than other subjects, partly because of limited monitoring of implementation within schools and school boards. Participants discussed student benefits resulting from DPA; however, student fitness was not identified as a positive outcome- in fact, some questioned whether the policy is improving student physical activity levels. The results suggest the status of DPA results from a failure of implementation rather than a failure of concept. Participants believed increasing student physical activity levels was important; however, they argued that factors within the classroom, school, school board, and Ministry of Education limit the feasibility of delivering DPA. This thesis contributes to the limited literature regarding the evaluation of DPA implementation and outcomes by exploring the perspectives of teachers and principals implementing the policy. Substantive, methodological, and theoretical contributions to the school-based physical activity literature are discussed, followed by policy implications and directions for future research.

Tyrimo objektas – pagyvenusio ir senyvo amžiaus asmenų požiūris į fizinės veiklos prieinamumą. Temos aktualumas - Teigiama, kad sveikata priklauso ne tik nuo asmens gyvensenos, tačiau yra lemiama ir aplinkos sąlygų. Lietuvoje aplinkos sąlygos neplėtojamos, 2005 m. 1 000 gyventojų vidutiniškai teko 1,71 sporto infrastruktūros objekto. Per paskutinius 20 metų Lietuvoje buvo pastatytas vos vienas universalus, daugiafunkcinis ir tarptautinius reikalavimus atitinkantis sporto objektas. Fizinis aktyvumas priklauso ne vien tik nuo aplinkos, tačiau ir nuo biologinių, socialinių, psichologinių ir ekonominių veiksnių. Lietuvoje stokojama tyrimų nagrinėjančių fizinio pasyvumo priežastis vyresniame amžiuje. Tyrimai apie vyresnio amžiaus gyventojų nuomonę į fizinės veiklos prieinamumą ir pasyvumo priežastis padėtų įvertinti realias fizinio aktyvumo kliūtis ir nustatyti tam tikrus lietuvių mankštinimosi motyvacijos aspektus. Tyrimo tikslas – Išanalizuoti pagyvenusio ir senyvo amžiaus asmenų požiūrį į fizinės veiklos prieinamumą. Uždaviniai: 1. Apibendrinti pagyvenusio ir senyvo amžiaus asmenų nuomonę į pasirinktos fizinės veiklos prieinamumą, privalumus bei trūkumus 2. Nustatyti pagyvenusio ir senyvo amžiaus asmenų pagrindines fizinio pasyvumo priežastis. 3. Ištirti pagyvenusio ir senyvo amžiaus asmenų fizinės veiklos vietos pasirinkimo kriterijus gyvenamosios vietos, pajamų, amžiaus ir lyties aspektais. 4. Išsiaiškinti ar pagyvenusio ir senyvo amžiaus asmenys taptų fiziškai aktyvesni... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Research object – elderly and aged people's attitude towards accessibility to physical activities. Topic relevance – it is stated that health depends not only from personal life-style, but it is also influenced by the environment conditions. The environment conditions have not been developed in Lithuania as only 1.71 sport infrastructure was accounted for 1,000 people in 2005. During the last 20 years only one universal, multi-functional and international requirements corresponding sort facility has been built in Lithuania. Physical activity depends upon not only the environment, but on biological, social, psychological and economic factors. There is a lack of researches regarding physical inactivity reasons at the older age in Lithuania. Researches about elderly people's opinion to accessibility of physical activity and passivity reasons would help assessing the real physical activity barriers and identify certain Lithuanian exercising motivation aspects. Research goal – analyze elderly and aged people's attitude towards accessibility to physical activities. Tasks: 1. Generalize the elderly and aged people's attitude to the accessibility, advantages and shortages of selected physical activities 2. Determine the elderly and aged people's main physical inactivity reasons. 3. Investigate elderly and aged people's physical activity location selection criteria in residential location, income, age and sex aspects. 4. Clear out whether elderly and aged people would become... [to full text]

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Physical activity has multiple health benefits, however, physical activity can also lead to the development of excessive exercise, disturbed eating patterns, negative body image and social physique anxiety. This study investigated the relationship between social physique anxiety (SPA), physical activity type, frequency of physical activity, and motives to exercise. Participants were female undergraduates (N=108) enrolled at the University of Victoria. Female students were recruited from Exercise, Physical and Health Education classes that were open to all students from different faculties. A cross-sectional survey assessed social physique anxiety, frequency of physical activity and motives for exercise as well as dividing students according to physical activity type (Varsity, Intramural, High Strenuous Exerciser, Low Strenuous Exerciser). An analysis of variance revealed no association between SPA and physical activity type. Additionally, correlations showed that SPA and frequency of physical activity was not significant. Interestingly, SPA was significant for all motives that include Interest (r=-.371, p<.01), Competence (r=-.330, p<.01), Appearance (r=.430), Fitness (r=-.215, p<.05), and Social (r=-.406, p<.01). A linear regression revealed that only Appearance and Social motives predicted SPA. / Graduate / 0573 / 0347 / 0566 / fawniar@uvic.ca

The prevalence of obesity is a growing problem for children and adolescents worldwide (Schwellnus & Derman, 2003:12; Verster, 2001:15; Cameron, 1999:75). Obesity contributes to primary and secondary health risks such as coronary heart disease and diabetes (Kalk, 2001:576). Obesity is inheritable as well as the health disorders associated with the type of obesity (Kalk, 2001:576; Dietz, 1995:157; Garfinkel & Cosina, 1990:511; Bouchard et a/., 1985:64). A possible cause for the increase of obesity is inactivity, and this generates numerous health problems for children and adolescents (Du Toit & Van der Merwe, 2003:49; Verster, 2001:15; Kalk,2001:576; Steinbeck, 2000:28; Cameron, 1999:75; Reilley et a/., 1999:217). Research has shown that regular exercise can lower the risk of obesity and have many health benefits in general (Deheeger et a/., 1997:375).Consequently the participation of physical activity is important for everyone not only for the obese individual (Van Mil et a/., 1999:842). Physical activity has physical as well as psychological benefits such as positive development in self-concept (Walters & Martin, 2000:51). A positive self-concept during adolescence can have an influence on mental and physical health, and the development of a positive self-concept is critical during the adolescent period (Park, 2003:42). Research also indicates that a strong self-concept can lead to an increase in participation physical activity (Park, 2003:47). Physical activity can also be a social opportunity during which self-concept and self-worth can develop (Marsh, 1997:28). The objective of this study firstly was to determine the influence of a 16-week physical activity intervention program on body composition and self-concept of black South African adolescents. The second objective was to determine the incidence of obesity among these adolescents. The third objective was to determine the influence of body composition on self-concept after participation in a 16-week physical activity intervention program. A total of 95 black adolescents (ages 13 to 18) were recruited to participate in the PLAY study (Physical Activity for the Youth). A control group of 24 adolescents did not participate in any exercise, where an experimental group of 71 adolescents did indeed participate in a 16-week physical activity intervention program. Anthropometric measurements and a comprehensive body composition were taken, using skin folds, BMl and the Bod Pod. The subjects completed a self-concept questionnaire (PASWIN2004 computer program). The findings in this study seems to indicate that there was a positive relationship, between physical activity and BMI as well as Bod Pod changes, after a 16-week activity intervention program in the experimental boys group. No further correlations were traced in the other groups. Among all the adolescents (experimental and control groups), were 80.85% overweight, of which 40.42% were classified as obese. This shows that the majority of this group of adolescents were overweight. No significant changes were found in body composition. The girls showed a slight increase in BMI as well as body fat percentage and a decrease in self-concept. This indicates that an increase in body fat can lead to a lower self-concept. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.