Caregivers (CG) often neglect their own self-care which may have deleterious effects if CG have a chronic illness, such as diabetes. Care demands have been linked to CG health, although the mechanisms are unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of CG stress, depressive symptoms, and diabetes self-care practices on CG physical health (PH) and glycemic control (GC) in an underrepresented group of Hispanic CG with diabetes. A correlational design was used in a non-random sample of 42 Hispanic CG with diabetes (Type I or II) recruited from two health centers serving the uninsured. CG had diabetes for ≥ 6 months, were on average 48.0 (± 11.4) years old, 73.8% female, and 54.8 % with < 8th grade education. Care recipients were on average 53.9 (± 14.0) years old, 54.8 % male, and were functionally independent. Standard questionnaires for perceived caregiving stress (Caregiver Burden Scale), depressive symptoms (CES-D), diabetes self-care practices (Diabetes Care Profile), PH (PCS of the SF12v2) and CG characteristics were administered in person. GC was measured using the glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c). Statistical analysis included correlations, t-tests, and multiple linear regression. On average CG had poor GC (HgbAlc M = 9.0, ± 2.12), but rated their PH better than others with diabetes. CG with high stress had more depressive symptoms (M = 23.75 ± 12.75) than CG with lower stress (M = 15.75 ± 12.01; t (40) = 2.00, p = .026). Almost half (40.5%) had depressive symptoms indicating possible clinical depression. The hypothesized models of caregiver stress, depressive symptoms, and self-care practices were not associated with CG PH (p > .05) or GC (p >.05); however, more persons in the household was associated with poor GC. This study provided support for the influence of CG stress on psychological health in the experience of Hispanic CG with diabetes. The findings of high levels of depressive symptoms and poor GC suggest the need for health care professionals to assess the psychological health of Hispanic CG and better educate them about the importance of GC for prevention of serious health problems.

Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att utifrån vetenskaplig litteratur beskriva patienters upplevelser av livskvalitet i samband med genomförd bariatrisk kirurgi utifrån aspekterna mental och fysisk hälsa, samt att granska och redovisa valda vetenskapliga artiklar. Metod: Författarna utförde en beskrivande litteraturstudie vilken baserades på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar. Eftersökningar utfördes på databaserna Cinahl, PubMed via Medline och Mosby´s index. Huvudresultat: Flertalet studier påvisade att övervikt och fetma påverkade deltagarnas upplevelser av livskvalitet på ett negativt sätt. Livskvalitetssänkande faktorer utgjordes av bl.a. brist på självförtroende, skamkänslor samt rädslor för följdproblematik. Bariatrisk kirurgi sågs för flertalet deltagare som en chans till förbättrad mental och fysisk hälsa, där exempelvis självförtroende, ett mer socialt aktivt liv och förbättrad rörelseförmåga var motiverande faktorer, vilka även förbättrade deltagarnas upplevelser av livskvalitet postoperativt. Trots flertalet positiva resultat, framkom även negativa upplevelser bland deltagarna. Negativa effekter, såsom smärta och kosmetiska defekter bidrog för dessa deltagare till försämrad upplevelse av livskvalitet. Slutsats: Bariatrisk kirurgi bidrog i de flesta fall till förbättrad mental och fysisk hälsa samt förbättrad upplevelse av livskvalitet i jämförelse med innan utförd kirurgi. För att uppnå fler resultat som skildrar patienters subjektiva upplevelser beskrivna med ord finns ett behov av vidare forskning av kvalitativ ansats. / Aim: The aim of this literature review was to by scientific articles describe patient’s experiences in conjunction with undergone bariatric surgery and to examine and report on selected scientific articles. Method: The authors performed a descriptive literature review that was based on 12 scientific articles research by databases Cinahl, PubMed through Medline and Mosby´s index. Main result: Several studies showed that overweight and morbid obesity had negative influence on the participant’s experience of quality of life. Factors that caused this experience were for example lack of self-esteem, feelings of shame and fears of consequential problems. Bariatric surgery were seen as a chance to improve mental and physical health, where self-esteem, a active social life and improved mobility were motivating factors that also improved the participant’s quality of life postoperative. Despite several positive outcomes, negative experiences were also revealed among the participants. Negative effects, such as pain and cosmetic defects, contributed for these participants to increased experiences of quality of life. Conclusion: Bariatric surgery in most cases contributes to improved mental and physical health and improved experiences of quality of life, then before undergone surgery. To achieve more results that in words, describes patient’s subjective experiences there is a need of further research with a qualitative approach.

The purpose of the current study is to examine the academic and social functioning of college students with a chronic physical health condition (CPHC). For the current study, chronic physical health condition will be defined as follows: “A physical [or mental] health condition that has lasted or is expected to last at least 6 months and interferes with their activities,” (Varni & Limbers, 2008, p. 107). The sample consisted of 174 participants attending Western Kentucky University. Two groups (CPHC vs. Healthy) were comprised based on the participants’ self-reported health status. Participants were solicited through Western Kentucky University’s department of Psychology Study Board as well as through the university’s Department of Disability Services. The participants completed the demographics questionnaire, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory for Young Adults (PEDSQL), and the Costello-Comrey Depression and Anxiety Scales (CCDAS). All the measures were completed online. Three hypotheses were made. Hypothesis one stated that college students who have a chronic physical condition will have a lower level of social functioning when compared to their healthy peers. Hypothesis two stated that college students who have a chronic physical health condition will have a lower level of educational adjustment when compared to their healthy peers. Hypothesis three stated that female college students who have a chronic physical health condition will endorse higher levels of the internal symptoms associated with anxiety and depression. Results yielded support for the second hypothesis, as individuals with a CPHC did report lower levels of academic adjustment than healthy individuals. The first hypothesis was marginally supported as participants with a CPHC reported lower levels of social functioning than healthy individuals. The third hypothesis was not supported as females and males with a CPHC reported similar levels of anxiety and depression.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the moderator role of different types of social support (perceived vs. received) on the relationship between stress and health outcomes (depression, anxiety, and physical health) among the Turkish freshmen university students (with internal vs. external locus of control). In order to measure received social support, The Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors (ISSB) (Barrera, Sandler, &amp / Ramsay, 1981), was adapted into Turkish culture in Study 1 by using Middle East Technical University (METU) students from various departments. The sample of Study 2 consisted of 224 METU freshman students from several departments. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses were conducted with perceived/received social support and stress (frequency, intensity, general) as independent variables and depression, anxiety, and general physical health problems as dependent variables for internal locus of control and external locus of control students separately. The findings suggested that for both internals and externals, stress intensity, stress frequency, and general stress predicted depression, anxiety, and general physical health problems for both perceived and received social support. Different patterns of relationships were found among perceived/received social support, stress (frequency, intensity, general), and the outcome variables (depression, anxiety, general physical health problems) for internal locus of control and external locus of control students. The findings and strengths as well as the limitations of the study were discussed.

Kadangi manoma, jog dauguma vyrų mūsų visuomenėje turi geresnius socialinius-ekonominius rodiklius (geresnes pareigas darbe, daugiau uždirba), todėl daroma prielaida, jog jų subjektyvi fizinė sveikata ir psichologinė gerovė turėtų būti geresnė nei moterų. Tad šiame darbe mes norėsime patikrinti šiuos socialinius-ekonominius ryšius su subjektyvia fizine sveikata ir psichologine gerove vyrų imtyje. Šio darbo tikslas - įvertinti vyrų socialinės-ekonominės padėties bei subjektyvios fizinės sveikatos ir psichologinės gerovės skirtumus sociodemografinių duomenų atžvilgiu (išsilavinimo, šeimyninės padėties, darbo stažo) bei nustatyti socialinės-ekonominės padėties sąsajas su subjektyvia fizine sveikata ir psichologine gerove. Tyrime dalyvavo 132 vyrai, dirbantys trejose skirtingo dydžio Marijampolės miesto autotransporto įmonėse, teikiančiose transporto paslaugas. Socialinė-ekonominė vyrų padėtis šiame darbe buvo matuojama socialinės-ekonominės padėties indeksu (12 klausimų, sudarytų darbo autorės, 2007). Vyrų subjektyviai suvokiama sveikata matuota subjektyvios sveikatos indeksu (12 klausimų, parengtų darbo autorės, 2007). Vyrų psichologinė gerovė buvo matuota Carol Ryff psichologinės gerovės skale (Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being, 1989 m.), susidedančia iš eilės teiginių, atspindinčių 6 psichologinės gerovės sritis: autonomiškumą, aplinkos valdymą, asmenybės augimą, teigiamą ryšį su kitais, tikslą gyvenime ir savęs priėmimą. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, vyrai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Whereas it is considered that most of the men in our society have improved the social – economic indicators ( better obligation at work, bigger earnings ), therefore it is assumed that their subjective physical health and psychological well – being should be better then women. So into this paper we want to check these social – economic ties to its subjective physical health and psychological well – being of men sample. The aim of this work - to assess the social economic men situation and the subjective physical health and welfare differences between the sociodemographical both (education, marital status, seniority) and to identify the social - economic links with subjective physical health and psychological well-being. The study included 132 men working in three different sizes Marijampolė city truck companies providing transport services. Socio - economic situation of men in this work was measured in the social - economic situation index (12 questions, made of the author of the work, 2007). Men subjectively perceived health measured subjective health index (12 questions prepared by the author, 2007). Men's psychological well-being was measured of Carol Ryff psychological well-being scale (Ryff Scale of Psychological Well - Being, 1989), a series of statements that reflect the psychological welfare of 6 areas: autonomy, environmental masteryt, personal growth, positive relationship with others, purpose in life and self-acceptance. The results of the study showed that the... [to full text]

Fierce competition and re-allocation of firms on a global scale, including processes of substantial downsizing have come to the forefront of attention. The concern is that the global scale of actions cannot be controlled on a local level and may therefore pose a threat to a wide variety of workers. Many of the changes taking place in the economies and labour markets of the industrialised countries may have increased structural job insecurity. Cutbacks and dismissals give rise to feelings of job insecurity. More often employees experience a sense that their jobs are a fragile, threatened privilege, which can be taken away at any time. Employee perception of management efforts to maintain employment security is based on past downsizing thus raising the potential that continued downsizing will increase insecurity and therefore, will decrease both employee desire to participate in decision-making as well as employee satisfaction and commitment to the organisation. Previous research found a consistent negative relationship between perceived job insecurity and both employee satisfaction and commitment. The empirical objective of this study was to determine the relationship between job insecurity, organisational commitment and job satisfaction. A survey design was used to test research hypotheses and to determine the relationship between job insecurity, organisational commitment and job satisfaction. Data from the total population of engineers in a parastatal (N = 60) were gathered. The Job lnsecurity Survey Questionnaire (JISQ), Organisational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (short version) (MSQ) were administered. The statistical analysis was carried out with the help of the SAS programme. The statistical methods utilised consisted of descriptive statistics, Cronbach Alpha coefficients, inter-item correlations, and Pearson-product moment correlations. Results indicated that engineers do not experience high levels of job insecurity. Furthermore, engineers don't experience low levels of organisational commitment and job satisfaction. Research findings indicated that the Job lnsecurity Survey Questionnaire (JISQ), Organisational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) are valid and reliable measuring instruments. The findings suggested that a relationship exist between job insecurity, organisational commitment and total job satisfaction. Recommendations for future research were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

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Fierce competition and re-allocation of firms on a global scale, including processes of substantial downsizing have come to the forefront of attention. The concern is that the global scale of actions cannot be controlled on a local level and may therefore pose a threat to a wide variety of workers. Many of the changes taking place in the economies and labour markets of the industrialised countries may have increased structural job insecurity. Cutbacks and dismissals give rise to feelings of job insecurity. More often employees experience a sense that their jobs are a fragile, threatened privilege, which can be taken away at any time. Employee perception of management efforts to maintain employment security is based on past downsizing thus raising the potential that continued downsizing will increase insecurity and therefore, will decrease both employee desire to participate in decision-making as well as employee satisfaction and commitment to the organisation. Previous research found a consistent negative relationship between perceived job insecurity and both employee satisfaction and commitment. The empirical objective of this study was to determine the relationship between job insecurity, organisational commitment and job satisfaction. A survey design was used to test research hypotheses and to determine the relationship between job insecurity, organisational commitment and job satisfaction. Data from the total population of engineers in a parastatal (N = 60) were gathered. The Job lnsecurity Survey Questionnaire (JISQ), Organisational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (short version) (MSQ) were administered. The statistical analysis was carried out with the help of the SAS programme. The statistical methods utilised consisted of descriptive statistics, Cronbach Alpha coefficients, inter-item correlations, and Pearson-product moment correlations. Results indicated that engineers do not experience high levels of job insecurity. Furthermore, engineers don't experience low levels of organisational commitment and job satisfaction. Research findings indicated that the Job lnsecurity Survey Questionnaire (JISQ), Organisational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) are valid and reliable measuring instruments. The findings suggested that a relationship exist between job insecurity, organisational commitment and total job satisfaction. Recommendations for future research were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Companies throughout the world are faced with continual changes in order to remain competitive and survive. These changes are caused by economic uncertainty, globalisation, mergers and acquisitions. The results are unemployment or transfer of workers to the different areas of the organisation. These changes have unprecedented effect on workers, especially the survivors of retrenchments or downsizing, resulting in a feeling of job insecurity. lnsecurity is concerned with the continued existence of jobs for the employees in the organisation. It is characterised by feelings of powerlessness, uncertainty and fear. Consequently, job insecurity has emerged as an important stressor in modern organisations. Studies indicate that job insecurity leads to physical and psychological health problems. Further employees who experience feelings of job insecurity are more likely to display undesirable organisational outcomes such as withdrawal behaviours, job dissatisfaction and low organisational commitment. The empirical objective of this study was to determine the possible relationship between job insecurity, job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Also, whether job insecurity can predict job satisfaction and organisational commitment. A survey design was used to realise the research objectives. The study population consisted of 121 employees in a mining organisation. The Job Insecurity Questionnaire, the Revised Short-version of the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Organisational Commitment Questionnaires were used as measuring instruments. Reliability and construct validity of all three questionnaires were found to be acceptable. It was found that respondents experienced below average levels of job insecurity. They further showed above average levels of job satisfaction and organisational commitment. The findings indicate that a relationship exists between job insecurity, job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Practically significant differences of medium to large effect were established for race, respondents having qualifications of less than Std 10, semiskilled, grade C3, 4 and 5 and E, DL and DU, and who are affiliated to NUMSA, which means that they experience more job insecurity compared to other groups. Through regression analysis, it was established that job insecurity predicts 44% of total variance of job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Limitations were identified and recommendations with regard to future research and recommendations for the organisation were made. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2004.

This study investigated links between childhood maltreatment (CM), perceived stress, coping strategies, and physical health problems among adult women. There is mounting evidence to suggest that perceived stress and coping strategies help to explain the association between CM and physical health outcomes. However, research has yet to clarify the precise mechanisms through which stress and coping independently, and in combination, predict the health concerns of victimized women. Through the use of structural equation modeling (SEM), support was found for a model in which perceived stress partially mediated the association between CM and physical health problems. While emotion-focused coping was also found to partially mediate the CM-health relationship, problem-focused and avoidance coping did not. A moderated mediation model revealed that each coping strategy moderated the impact of maltreatment, but not of perceived stress, on physical health. Multi-mediation model testing indicated that emotion-focused coping and perceived stress better explain the relationship between CM and health than either variable on its own, and that this coping strategy fully accounted for the link between CM and subsequent stress. Finally, multivariate regression analyses revealed that child physical abuse was uniquely associated with greater physical symptoms, and child psychological maltreatment had a unique link with functional impairment; however, no form of abuse uniquely explained health care utilization. Findings suggest that child maltreatment is a risk factor for adverse health outcomes in later life and that stress and coping strategies are important mechanisms in this relationship. Implications for clinicians, medical professionals, and researchers are discussed. This study investigated links between childhood maltreatment (CM), perceived stress, coping strategies, and physical health problems among adult women. There is mounting evidence to suggest that perceived stress and coping strategies help to explain the association between CM and physical health outcomes. However, research has yet to clarify the precise mechanisms through which stress and coping independently, and in combination, predict the health concerns of victimized women. Through the use of structural equation modeling (SEM), support was found for a model in which perceived stress partially mediated the association between CM and physical health problems. While emotion-focused coping was also found to partially mediate the CM-health relationship, problem-focused and avoidance coping did not. A moderated mediation model revealed that each coping strategy moderated the impact of maltreatment, but not of perceived stress, on physical health. Multi-mediation model testing indicated that emotion-focused coping and perceived stress better explain the relationship between CM and health than either variable on its own, and that this coping strategy fully accounted for the link between CM and subsequent stress. Finally, multivariate regression analyses revealed that child physical abuse was uniquely associated with greater physical symptoms, and child psychological maltreatment had a unique link with functional impairment; however, no form of abuse uniquely explained health care utilization. Findings suggest that child maltreatment is a risk factor for adverse health outcomes in later life and that stress and coping strategies are important mechanisms in this relationship. Implications for clinicians, medical professionals, and researchers are discussed.