Bakgrund: Många arbetsmiljöproblem kretsar kring psykosociala faktorer. Relationen mellan krav, kontroll och socialt stöd har betydelse för hälsan. Riskökning för psykiskt lidande ses när både lågt socialt stöd och låg kontroll upplevs. Arbetstid och bristande kontroll har visat samband med bl.a. gastrointestinala problem och sömnstörningar. Brandpersonal har ett farligt yrke och inom brandmannayrket finns många stressorer som påverkar hälsan. Få studier finns gällande brandpersonals upplevelse av krav, kontroll och stöd kopplat till stressrelaterade symtom i arbetet. Det är betydelsefullt att undersöka förekomst av detta, då ohälsa kan få konsekvenser för individen, arbetsgruppen och hela samhället. Syfte: Kartlägga förekomst av stressrelaterade symtom och samband med krav, kontroll och socialt stöd hos brandpersonal i Sverige. Metod: Studien var en del av en tvärsnittsundersökning gällande brandpersonals hälsa där 476 personer deltog. Korrelationsanalyser med Spearmans korrelationskofficient utfördes. Resultat: Låg förekomst av sömn- och magbesvär sågs hos brandpersonalen. Samband påvisades där krav och socialt stöd korrelerade med sömnbesvär och magbesvär. Sömnbesvär och magbesvär korrelerade signifikant. Kön korrelerade med magbesvär. Konklusion: Förekomsten av mag- och sömnbesvär var låg och deltagarna mådde relativt bra. Vidare forskning kring friskfaktorer hos brandpersonal samt fler studier med andra variabler jämfört med krav, kontroll och stöd behövs. / Background: Many health and safety problems revolve around psychosocial factors. The relationship between demand, control and social support affect our health. Increased risk for mental suffering exists when low social support and low control is experienced. Working hours and lack of control can be associated with gastrointestinal- and sleeping problems. Firefighters have a dangerous occupation and many stressors affect the firefighter´s health. Few studies have investigated demand, control and support linked to stress-related symptoms at work for firefighters, it is important to investigate this though it may affect the individual, workgroup and society. Purpose: Identify occurrence of stress related symptoms and their relationship with demand, control and social support in Swedish firefighters. Method: The study was part of a cross-sectional study of firefighter's health, 476 people attended. Correlation analyzes with Spearman's korrelationskofficiens was performed. Results: Low prevalence of sleep- and stomach problems was seen. Correlation was found where demand and social support correlated with sleep- and stomach problems. Sleep- and stomach problems correlated significantly. Gender and stomach problems also correlated. Conclusion: The incidence of sleep- and stomach problems was low and participants felt relatively good. Further research on health factors of firefighters and more studies with other variables compared with demand, control and support is needed.

The present article tries to offer a wide vision of the labor instability as a phenomenon that affects the Peruvian workers in all the labors regimens. Not only from the perspective of the labor law but from a psychological perspective for which the psychoanalytic concepts used by Sigmund Freud will join, as well as to show, from the point of view of the authors, that the labor instability is a phenomenon that concerns the health so much physical as psychological and emotional of the worker. Finally, the authors, try to offer ways to fight. / El presente artículo pretende brindar una visión más amplia acerca de la inestabilidad laboral como fenómeno que afecta a los trabajadores peruanos en los distintos regímenes laborales existentes, es decir, no sólo desde la perspectiva del Derecho Laboral, que es la rama que se ocupa de la misma en primera instancia, sino desde una perspectiva psicológica para lo cual se integrarán los conceptos psicoanalíticos utilizados por Sigmund Freud, así como mostrar, desde el punto de vista de los autores, que la inestabilidad laboral es un fenómeno que afecta a la salud tanto física, como psicológica y emocional del trabajador. Finalmente, los autores, pretenden brindar propuestas para lidiar con el problema de la inestabilidad laboral.

Au regard des problématiques sanitaires, économiques et environnementales liées à l'augmentation de la population âgée au cours des prochaines décennies, l'identification des déterminants du maintien ou de la dégradation de l'état de santé physique lors de l'avancée en âge représente un enjeu de santé publique majeur. Un consensus existe sur la relation entre les traits de personnalité définis par le Modèle en Cinq Facteurs (MCF, Digman, 1990), et la santé physique des seniors. Toutefois, peu de travaux ont identifié les processus sous-tendant cette relation. Sur la base d'un programme de recherche composé de cinq études, ce travail doctoral avait pour objectif de contribuer aux connaissances existantes, par l'identification d'un certain nombre de facteurs susceptibles de moduler et d'expliquer la contribution des traits de personnalité sur des indicateurs de santé physique lors de l'avancée en âge. Ce travail a permis la mise en évidence du rôle modérateur de l'âge chronologique dans la contribution de certains traits de personnalité, et principalement l'ouverture aux expériences, sur la santé perçue (étude 1), qui s'avère dépendant de l'état de santé objectif des individus (étude 2). De plus, la contribution de la personnalité sur des indicateurs de santé physique chez les seniors n'est pas activée par l'exposition aux stéréotypes liés à l'âge (étude 3). Par ailleurs, ce travail confirme la relation entre l'ouverture aux expériences et la tendance au rajeunissement, qui est reconnue comme étant un facteur de protection de l'état de santé lors de l'avancée en âge, et met en évidence le rôle médiateur d'une faible identification au groupe d'âge dans cette association (étude 4). Cette dissociation du groupe d'âge et le biais de rajeunissement associés à l'ouverture aux expériences semblent se manifester indépendamment du contexte et de l'environnement dans lequel la personne âgée évolue (étude 5). Ce travail doctoral permet donc un approfondissement des mécanismes qui sous-tendent la contribution des traits de personnalité sur la santé physique lors de l'avancée en âge, et contribue à une littérature relativement récente et en expansion insistant sur les implications de l'ouverture aux expériences pour la santé et le fonctionnement global des seniors. / Given the economic, environmental, and health issues related to the increasing number of people over 65 years in the coming decades, the identification of the factors associated with the maintenance or the degradation of physical health with advancing age is a major public health concern. Personality, as defined by the Five-Factors Model (FFM, Digman, 1990), is consistently associated with physical health in old age. However, few studies have focused on the underlying mechanisms of this relation. Based upon a five studies research program, the present doctoral dissertation aimed to contribute to current knowledge by identifying a number of factors which may modulate and explain the contribution of personality traits on markers of physical health with advancing age. This research revealed a moderating role of chronological age in the relation between personality, and openness to experiences in particular, and perceived health (study 1), which appeared to be dependent upon disease burden (study 2). Moreover, the contribution of personality on markers of physical health does not seem to be activated by the exposure to age-related stereotype (study 3). Finally, the present doctoral project confirmed the relation between openness to experience and a youthful subjective age, which is a recognized protective factor for physical health in old age, and identified the mediating role of age-group dissociation in this relationship (study 4). The tendencies to dissociate oneself from one's age group and to feel younger among open older people seem to be independent of the context and the environment (study 5). This doctoral dissertation contributes to an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying the contribution of personality traits on physical health with advancing age, and adds to a growing body of research emphasizing the implications of openness to experience for global health and functioning of older people.

Orientador: Roberto Carlos Burini / Banca: Walkyria de Paula Pimenta / Banca: Avany Fernandes Pereira / Resumo: A resistência insulínica (RI) pode ser descrita como etapa inicial do desenvolvimento do diabetes melito tipo 2 fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. O mecanismo proposto seria via estresses oxidativo e inflamatório retroalimentados positivamente pela constante hiperglicemia conseqüente aos hábitos alimentares inadequados e inatividade física... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Insulin resistance (IR) could be na initial stage towards the development of rype 2 diabetes and is considered to be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Some ways of triggering type 2 diabetes are through stress oxidation and inflammatory feedbacked possibly due to constant hyperglycemia, poor eating habits and lack of physical activity... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:57:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mota_jf_me_botfm_prot.pdf: 1060873 bytes, checksum: 4ebc690842a5ea42cc20b4b7cd653b6e (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A resistência insulínica (RI) pode ser descrita como etapa inicial do desenvolvimento do diabetes melito tipo 2 fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. O mecanismo proposto seria via estresses oxidativo e inflamatório retroalimentados positivamente pela constante hiperglicemia conseqüente aos hábitos alimentares inadequados e inatividade física... / Insulin resistance (IR) could be na initial stage towards the development of rype 2 diabetes and is considered to be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Some ways of triggering type 2 diabetes are through stress oxidation and inflammatory feedbacked possibly due to constant hyperglycemia, poor eating habits and lack of physical activity... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Introduction: Work-related stress is one of the most challenging issues on workplaces. Reduced ability to relax and recover has been proposed as a key factor behind the increase of stress-related illness among workers. Massage and mental training are two commonly used techniques which may have positive effects on the ability to recover. One technique to help workers recover is a “recovery chair” which include both mechanical massage and mental training programs. However, it has not been scientifically evaluated yet whether using the techniques included in the “recovery chair”, both separately and in combination, as a health promotion tool. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the psychological and physiological effects of the mechanical massage and mental training programs included in the “recovery chair”, both separately and in combination, as a health promotion tool for Swedish workers. Methods: In this study workers were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: i) Mechanical massage combined with mental training (n=19), ii) Mechanical massage (n=19), iii) Mental training (n=19), iv), Pause (15 min break in the armchair, n=19), v) and a Control group (n=17). Psychological effects were measured by the ”Swedish Scale of Personality” (SSP) and physiological effects were measured by heart rate, blood pressure and fingertip temperature, immediately before the randomization, after four weeks and after eight weeks (end-of-study). Results: Psychological effects: The results showed that receiving mechanical massage was associated with a significant decrease in “Somatic Trait Anxiety”. The participants in the mental training group showed a tendency to decrease in “Somatic Trait Anxiety”. The participants who received both mechanical massage and mental training showed a significant decrease in “Stress Susceptibility” between four and eight weeks. The results also showed a significant decrease in “Somatic Trait Anxiety” and a significant increase in “Detachment” for the paus group. Physiological effects: As compared to pre-intervention assessments, participants in the massage group condition showed significantly reductions in their resting heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and an increase in their fingertip temperature directly after the intervention (post-intervention). The mechanical massage and mental training group showed a significant increase in diastolic blood pressure during the last four weeks of the study. The participants in the mental training group showed a significant decrease in their heart rate, when compared the start of the study to week four. The pause group tended to have lower systolic blood pressure at post-intervention assessment when compared to the pre-intervention assessment. The participants in the control group showed significantly decrease in heart rate and their systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: The workers’ who used the “recovery chair” with mechanical massage or mental training programs, either separately or in combination, for eight weeks during working hours reported a positive impact on their levels of anxiety and stress sensitivity. The results also showed positive effects on the workers' blood pressure, pulse and fingertip temperature. The effect was particularly strong for workers' who received only mechanical massage. This indicate that stress management interventions as work place health promotion activities clearly have a potential to provide significant benefit for health and wellbeing for workers.

Women with histories of interpersonal trauma (physical, sexual, or psychological abuse experienced during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood) are more likely to experience posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and to develop physical health problems than women without trauma histories. In fact, PTSS and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been established in the literature as mediators of the relation between interpersonal trauma and physical health outcomes (e.g., Resnick et al., 1997; Schnurr & Green, 2004). What remains to be determined is a clear understanding of the various mechanisms explaining why individuals with trauma histories, and subsequently PTS symptoms, go on to develop physical health problems. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of health risk behaviours, specifically sexual risk taking and substance use, as possible mechanisms through which interpersonal trauma and PTSS might influence physical health. These relations were examined, through structural equation modelling, in a sample of 475 women currently attending university. Models were tested separately for sexual traumas (childhood sexual abuse and sexual assault experienced during adolescence and adulthood) and nonsexual interpersonal traumas (physical and psychological maltreatment by parents in childhood, witnessing violence between parents, and intimate partner violence in their own relationships). Results indicated that PTSS severity partially mediated pathways from both types of interpersonal trauma, sexual and nonsexual, to adverse health outcomes, contributing to the existing theory that one’s psychological response to a trauma may be more important in determining physical health outcomes than the trauma itself. Furthermore, a significant indirect pathway was found to link nonsexual trauma to risky sexual behaviours through PTSS severity. In addition, PTSS severity fully mediated the relation between nonsexual trauma and substance use behaviours. These latter findings suggest that the likelihood of engaging in substance use and/or risky sexual behaviours may be greater in trauma survivors who are suffering from posttraumatic stress symptoms. Contrary to hypotheses, no significant pathways were found from risky sexual behaviours or substance use to physical health outcomes in the context of trauma variables and PTSS severity. Consequently, these health risk behaviours were not found to operate as mechanisms explaining the link from PTSS severity to physical health outcomes. Limitations and alternative hypotheses are presented. Implications for clinical interventions and recommendations for future research are discussed. / Graduate / 0621 / 0622 / 0384

Inti Sauna propone el concepto de la sauna en el hogar. Esta idea de negocio se origina en el cambio de los estilos de vida a consecuencia de la pandemia de Coronavirus, esta nueva normalidad hace que las personas permanezcan más tiempo en casa buscando nuevas formas de pasar el tiempo y mejorar su bienestar físico y mental. El público objetivo está compuesto por las personas que acudían a las saunas tradicionales y que desean contar con una opción de sauna en casa. De acuerdo con la investigación de mercado, Inti Sauna está dirigida al segmento de hombres y mujeres mayores de 18 años que pertenecen al sector socioeconómico A, B y C. En este nicho de mercado podemos encontrar personas con ingresos suficientes para adquirir un producto como la sauna en casa y que además cuentan con un espacio disponible para la instalación del producto. El plan de operaciones describe las políticas operacionales que contribuyen a la estrategia de posicionamiento, la cual se enfoca en resaltar los beneficios y la solución de problemas que aporta el producto al cliente. Además, el plan de operaciones establece las especificaciones técnicas de la sauna y el detalle de cómo se llevará a cabo la fabricación del producto. El plan económico - financiero de Inti Sauna se evaluó en un horizonte de cinco años. Los resultados del análisis económico y financiero arrojaron un valor actual neto (VAN) de S/ 148,963 y una Tasa de Interés de Retorno (TIR) de 54.45%. En consecuencia, el plan de negocio resulta viable, ya que la TIR es superior al COK y el VAN es superior a cero. / Inti Sauna proposes the concept of the sauna at home. This business idea originates from the change in lifestyles as a result of the Coronavirus pandemic, this new normal makes people stay home longer looking for new ways to spend time and improve their physical and mental well-being. The target audience is made up of people who used to go to traditional saunas and who want to have a sauna option at home. According to market research, Inti Sauna is aimed at the segment of men and women over 18 years of age who belong to the socio economic sector A, B and C. In this market niche we can find people with sufficient income to acquire a product such as sauna at home and also have a space available for the installation of the product. The operations plan describes the operational policies that contribute to the positioning strategy, which focuses on highlighting the benefits and solving problems that the product brings to the customer. In addition, the operations plan establishes the technical specifications of the sauna and the detail of how the manufacture of the product will be carried out. Inti Sauna's economic-financial plan was evaluated over a five-year horizon. The results of the economic and financial analysis showed a net present value (NPV) of S / 148,963 and a Return Interest Rate (IRR) of 54.45%. Consequently, the business plan is viable, since the IRR is higher than the COK and the NPV is higher than zero. / Trabajo de investigación

Bakgrund: Personer med demenssjukdom påverkas och är känsliga för sin omgivning och hur den är utformad. En rörig och orolig miljö kan ha negativa inverkan på dessa personers hälsa jämtemot en miljö som är anpassad och rogivande. Miljön kan användas som en resurs i vårdandet och kan då bidra med hälsofrämjande effekter för människan. Problem: Tidigare forskning har fokuserat på personer med demenssjukdom och deras upplevelser av miljön. Forskning kring vårdares upplevelser av utomhusmiljöns inverkan på personer med demenssjukdom är dock mindre beforskad. Som vårdare är det betydelsefullt att få kunskap om utomhusmiljöns inverkan på personer med demenssjukdom och därigenom förhindra ytterligare lidande för dessa personer. Syfte: Var att beskriva vårdares erfarenheter av utomhusmiljöns inverkan på personer med demenssjukdom. Metod: Allmän litteraturöversikt innehållande tolv vårdvetenskapliga artiklar, sex mixad metod, fyra kvalitativa och två kvantitativa artiklar. Resultat: Fyra kategorier identifierades som hade betydelse för vårdares erfarenheter av utomhusmiljöns inverkan på personer med demenssjukdom. Dessa kategorier var: gemenskap, inverkan på fysisk hälsa och kognition, inverkan på välbefinnande och meningsfullhet. Vårdare erfor att utomhusmiljöns inverkan på personer med demenssjukdom ofta hade en positiv inverkan, dock kunde även utomhusmiljön skapa negativa upplevelser. Slutsats: Utomhusmiljöns positiva inverkan på personer med demenssjukdom bör användas som en hälsofrämjande resurs. / Background: People with dementia are sensitive and easily affected by their environment and how it is designed. A messy and uneasy environment can have a negative impact on health compared to an environment that is adapted and calming. The environment can be seen as an important tool when caring for people and has a health-promoting effect. Problem: Previous research has focused on people with dementia and their experiences of the environment. Research on caregivers’ experiences of the outdoor environment's impact on people with dementia is limited and needs to be examined further. It is important as a carer to gain knowledge about the impact of the outdoor environment on people with dementia and thereby prevent them from further suffering. Aim: To describe caregivers' experiences of the impact of the outdoor environment on people with dementia. Method: A literature review containing twelve care science articles, six articles were of mixed method, four were qualitative and two were quantitative. Results: Four categories were identified that were of significance in caregivers’ experiences of the impact of the outdoor environment for people with dementia. These categories were: community, meaningfulness, impact on physical health and cognition and impact on well-being. Caregivers experienced that the impact of the outdoor environment on people with dementia often had a positive impact, however, the outdoor environment could also create negative experiences. Conclusion: The positive impact of the outdoor environment on people with dementia should be used as a health-promoting resource.

Introduktion: Hästunderstödd terapi är en behandlingsform där man ägnar sig åt ridning och andra aktiviteter med hästen för att främja fysisk och psykisk hälsa. Hästen har en central roll och bidrar till en icke-dömande och trygg plats för patienterna. Vidare har stallet och naturen positiva effekter inom behandlingen. Syfte: Belysa synen på hästunderstödd terapi hos fysioterapeuter som arbetar eller har arbetat med hästunderstödd terapi som behandlingsmetod. Metod: Fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer med legitimerade fysioterapeuter/sjukgymnaster, med erfarenhet av hästunderstödd terapi, genomfördes via telefon. Intervjuerna analyserades sedan med kvalitativ innehållsanalys utifrån en induktiv ansats. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i temat “Hästen ger möjlighet till en unik och omfattande behandling”, som beskriver bredden av behandlingen, hur kroppen och psyket påverkas samt vilken roll hästen, stallet och naturen har inom behandlingen. De fem kategorierna som identifierades var Mångsidig behandling som möter olika behov, Stallet och naturen blir ett annorlunda behandlingsrum, Hästen som stöttande behandlare, Personlighet och kropp tar stora steg framåt samt Ökad dialog och delaktighet genom hästen. Kategorierna inkluderar delar av behandlingsmetoden, vilka patientgrupper man kan komma i kontakt med, vilken roll hästen har samt effekterna av behandlingen. Konklusion: Hästunderstödd terapi lyftes fram som en bred behandlingsform av fysioterapeuterna. De upplevde behandlingen som speciell i förhållande till annan behandling genom dess möjlighet att påverka flera delar samtidigt, både för kroppen och psyket. Fler studier bör genomföras med större undersökningsgrupper; både fler fysioterapeuter, men även patienters erfarenheter bör lyftas fram.