Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Syftet med denna kvalitativa uppsats var att belysa ämnet transferfasen och undersöka hur transferfasen påverkar vuxna immigranters psykiska och fysiska hälsa. För att fånga ämnets subjektiva dimension genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med två kvinnor och fyra män. Intervjuerna visade att alla informanter har genomgått en svår transferfas. För att analysera det empiriska materialet användes Lazarus och Folkmans copingteori. De resultat som framkommit i analysen visar att transferfasen har betydelse för immigrantens hälsa. Vidare visar resultatet att informanterna använde copingstrategier som ett verktyg för att orka hantera sin vardag. Undersökningen kan ligga till grund för andra forskare som i framtiden vill göra fortsatta studier av transferfasens betydelse för immigranten. / The purpose of this qualitative thesis was to examine the transfer-phase, and examine how the transfer-phase affects adult immigrant`s mental and physical health. To capture the subjective dimension of the subject semi-structured interviews with two women and four men were conducted. The interviews showed that all respondents had undergone a difficult transfer-phase. In order to analyze the empirical material, Lazarus and Folkman's coping theory was used. The results obtained in the analysis shows that the transfer-phase is important for immigrant`s health. Furthermore, the results show that the informants used coping strategies as a tool for managing their daily lives. The study may form the basis for other researchers who in the future want to make further studies of the importance of the transfer-phase for the immigrant.

Rowe and Kahns theory of successful aging identifies three main components of aging successfully: reducing the risk of disease and disability, maintaining high cognitive and physical function, and engagement with life. While there is compelling evidence that suggests the legitimacy of this concept in the 50-75 year old community dwelling population, three areas of expansion are necessary: 1.) programmatic research; 2.) extending the existing research samples to include older samples and those living in continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs); and 3.) the integration of data collection and analysis to move beyond investigation of just one successful aging outcome to include elements of all three components of successful aging. Longitudinal analysis utilizing hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was conducted on a convenience sample of 136 older adults (mean age = 80.8 years at baseline) participating in a pilot community-wide successful aging program over a 26-month period. Results indicate the sample reported exercising frequently, ate recommended levels of fruits and vegetables, had healthy BMIs, had positive ratings of health, were highly involved in productive activities, and were satisfied with their ability to give and receive social support at baseline. High levels of mobility were measured in the sample. Participants maintained this picture of successful aging over time for the majority of outcome variables, though significant declines in self-reported health were observed. Participants also reported improvements in their satisfaction with receiving social support. Results support four major conclusions: 1.) The three criteria of successful aging identified by Rowe and Kahn (1997) were observed among older adults living in CCRCs who were enrolled in a successful aging program. 2.) Stability was observed on a number of the outcomes over 26 months in this convenience sample, which has implications for intervention/programmatic research. Despite the traditional improvement-oriented focus of programmatic research, stability or maintenance of well-being over time should be viewed as a positive outcome in older age, particularly when compared to national data depicting trends of decline. 3.) The interdependence of current results support the notion that successful aging programming needs to include multi-disciplinary intervention strategies, as supported by the finding that modifiers of physical, social, and intellectual well-being include constructs from each of the components of successful aging. 4.) Participants of the current study were largely in the precontemplation and contemplation stages of change. Readiness to change needs to be factored into the design of any successful aging program, as the Transtheoretical Model could be a powerful tool for the identification of readiness to change and the development of appropriate and effective successful aging programming.

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The purpose with the investigation was to find if there is a relation between daily health active and too reusing theoretic learning for health promotion school’s pupil. In the investigation I have focused into if the Health promotion school’s student has better result at the nation’s test (NT) in Swedish, English and in mathematic in the fifths grade, than the ordinary school that isn’t health promotion school. The personal feelings of the two schools are that there is a connection between health active and too reusing theoretic learning. My study is a comparing fall study.</p><p>Method procedure: The investigation was done with help from two methods, the first one was a quantitative method, to now how many in fifth grade class of the two schools was failed on the NT in Swedish, English and in mathematic. The other method that I used in my investigation was quality interviews of five people from the two schools.</p><p>Conclusion; The most important result that appears in the investigation shows that the health school had worse result on NT, than de ordinary school specific for the year 2005/2006. But the Health promotion School’s boys have better result in mathematic than the ordinary school boys. In my interviews it appears that teachers feel that higher levels of physical activeness for students have a positive relation to the theoretic learning.</p> / <p>SAMMANFATTNING</p><p>Mitt Syfte är att undersöka om det finns något samband mellan daglig fysisk aktivitet och ökad teoretisk inlärning för skoleleverna på hälsofrämjande skolan. Där jag ska undersöka om hälsofrämjande skolan får bättre resultat på de nationella proven (NP) i svenska, engelska och matematik årskurs 5, än i en som inte är hälsofrämjande skola. Samt om personalen på de två skolorna upplever om det finns något samband mellan fysisk aktivitet och ökad teoretisk inlärning. Där min studie är en jämförande fallstudie.</p><p>Metodiskt tillvägagångssätt; Undersökningen genomfördes med hjälp två metoder, den första var en kvantitativ metod, för att se hur många som var underkända i NP för årskurs fem i svenska, engelska och matematik, i de utvalda klasserna på de två skolorna. Den andra metoden som jag använde i min undersökning var kvalitativa intervjuer av fem personer från de två utvalda skolorna.</p><p>Slutsats; De viktigaste resultaten som framkom i undersökning visar att den hälsofrämjande skolan hade sämre resultat i NP, än den vanliga skolan speciellt för året 2005/2006. Men att den hälsofrämjande skolans pojkar hade bättre resultat på matematik än den vanliga skolan pojkar. Det som framkom genom mina intervjuer är att lärarna upplever att ökad fysisk aktivitet har en positiv koppling för den teoretiska inlärningen.</p>

ABSTRACT The purpose with the investigation was to find if there is a relation between daily health active and too reusing theoretic learning for health promotion school’s pupil. In the investigation I have focused into if the Health promotion school’s student has better result at the nation’s test (NT) in Swedish, English and in mathematic in the fifths grade, than the ordinary school that isn’t health promotion school. The personal feelings of the two schools are that there is a connection between health active and too reusing theoretic learning. My study is a comparing fall study. Method procedure: The investigation was done with help from two methods, the first one was a quantitative method, to now how many in fifth grade class of the two schools was failed on the NT in Swedish, English and in mathematic. The other method that I used in my investigation was quality interviews of five people from the two schools. Conclusion; The most important result that appears in the investigation shows that the health school had worse result on NT, than de ordinary school specific for the year 2005/2006. But the Health promotion School’s boys have better result in mathematic than the ordinary school boys. In my interviews it appears that teachers feel that higher levels of physical activeness for students have a positive relation to the theoretic learning. / SAMMANFATTNING Mitt Syfte är att undersöka om det finns något samband mellan daglig fysisk aktivitet och ökad teoretisk inlärning för skoleleverna på hälsofrämjande skolan. Där jag ska undersöka om hälsofrämjande skolan får bättre resultat på de nationella proven (NP) i svenska, engelska och matematik årskurs 5, än i en som inte är hälsofrämjande skola. Samt om personalen på de två skolorna upplever om det finns något samband mellan fysisk aktivitet och ökad teoretisk inlärning. Där min studie är en jämförande fallstudie. Metodiskt tillvägagångssätt; Undersökningen genomfördes med hjälp två metoder, den första var en kvantitativ metod, för att se hur många som var underkända i NP för årskurs fem i svenska, engelska och matematik, i de utvalda klasserna på de två skolorna. Den andra metoden som jag använde i min undersökning var kvalitativa intervjuer av fem personer från de två utvalda skolorna. Slutsats; De viktigaste resultaten som framkom i undersökning visar att den hälsofrämjande skolan hade sämre resultat i NP, än den vanliga skolan speciellt för året 2005/2006. Men att den hälsofrämjande skolans pojkar hade bättre resultat på matematik än den vanliga skolan pojkar. Det som framkom genom mina intervjuer är att lärarna upplever att ökad fysisk aktivitet har en positiv koppling för den teoretiska inlärningen.

Introducción: Diversos estudios transversales han demostrado el impacto negativo quela violencia de pareja tiene en la salud mental, en la salud física y en el funcionamientode los sistemas fisiológicos de las mujeres. Si bien, han sido pocos los estudioslongitudinales realizados para establecer la evolución de dicho impacto en la salud delas mujeres a lo largo del tiempo. Objetivos: En este estudio se pretendió, en primerlugar, determinar la evolución del estado de salud física y del funcionamiento delsistema inmune de las mujeres víctimas de violencia de pareja y, en segundo lugar,establecer los factores personales y sociales que contribuyen a la recuperación de lasalud o la perjudican. Métodos: Las mujeres (n=91) que participaron en un estudiotransversal previo (T-1) fueron evaluadas tres años después (T-2): mujeres víctimas deviolencia psicológica (n=23), mujeres víctimas de violencia física/psicológica (n=33) ymujeres control en cuya relación de pareja no existía violencia (n=35). Tanto en elestudio transversal (T-1) como en el estudio longitudinal (T-2) se llevaron a caboentrevistas estructuradas a través de las cuales se recogió información sobrecaracterísticas sociodemográficas, relaciones de pareja, características de la violencia depareja, historial de victimización, salud física, apoyo social y acontecimientos vitales. Elestado de salud física de las mujeres se midió a través de tres indicadores: incidencia desíntomas físicos, incidencia de enfermedades físicas y utilización de servicios de salud.Finalmente, en ambos momentos temporales se recogieron muestras de saliva paraevaluar el control del sistema inmune sobre el virus Herpes simple tipo 1 (HS-1) através de tres medidas: neutralización del virus HS-1, cantidad de inmunoglobulina A(IgA) específica contra el virus HS-1 (IgA HS-1) y cantidad total de IgA en la saliva(IgA total). Resultados: La incidencia de síntomas físicos disminuyó significativamentea lo largo del tiempo en ambos grupos de mujeres víctimas de violencia de pareja,psicológica y física/psicológica, si bien se observó una mayor disminución en lasmujeres víctimas de violencia física/psicológica. Los factores que contribuyeron a estarecuperación fueron el estado de salud física de las mujeres en T-1, el grado de apoyosocial percibido y el cese de la violencia física. Por el contrario, los factoresperjudiciales para su recuperación fueron el consumo de psicofármacos, la convivenciacon el agresor, las experiencias de victimización en la edad adulta durante T-2, lapercepción negativa de los acontecimientos vitales y el mantenimiento de la violenciapsicológica. Por otro lado, en las mujeres víctimas de violencia física/psicológica seprodujo una disminución a lo largo del tiempo en la cantidad total de enfermedadesagudas padecidas, así como en el número de veces que utilizaron los servicios deurgencia por motivos de violencia. En cuanto al funcionamiento del sistema inmune a lolargo del tiempo, las mujeres víctimas de violencia física/psicológica mostraron unaumento tanto en la capacidad para neutralizar el virus HS-1 como en los niveles de IgAHS-1. El cese de la violencia física fue el principal factor predictor de dicharecuperación. Conclusiones: Este estudio muestra que es posible la recuperación de lasalud física previamente deteriorada en mujeres que han sido víctimas de violencia depareja, psicológica o física/psicológica. Además, indica que es posible la recuperacióndel control inmune sobre el virus HS-1 en mujeres que han estado expuestas a violenciafísica/psicológica a pesar de su baja capacidad antiviral inicial. Son necesarios otrosestudios longitudinales para determinar los factores que mejor predicen la recuperaciónde la salud de las mujeres con la finalidad de diseñar programas de intervención máseficaces. / Introduction: Several cross-sectional studies have demonstrated the negative impactthat intimate partner violence (IPV) has on women's health. However, few longitudinalstudies have been carried out to establish the course of this impact over time.Objectives: This study pretended to determine the course of the physical health and theimmune system function on women victims of IPV and to establish the factors thatcontribute or impair to its recovery. Methods: Women (n=91) who took part in aprevious cross-sectional study (T-1) were evaluated three years later (T-2): victims ofpsychological IPV (n=23), victims of physical/psychological IPV (n=33) and controlwomen (n=35). Information about characteristics of IPV, physical health and lifestylevariables was obtained by structured interviews. Finally, saliva samples were collectedto assess the immune system control over Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1).Results: The incidence of physical symptoms decreased in time in both groups ofwomen, psychological and physical/psychological victims of IPV. Factors thatcontributed to this recovery were the women's health condition in T-1, the socialsupport and the physical IPV cessation. On the contrary, factors that impaired thisrecovery were the psychopharmacological treatment, the cohabitation with theaggressor, the experiences of victimization during T-2, the negative perception of lifeevents and the continuation of psychological IPV. Furthermore, the amount of acutediseases suffered by women and the visits to emergency rooms because of violencereasons decreased in time in physical/psychological IPV victims. With regard to thecourse of immune system over time, women who were victims ofphysical/psychological IPV had a significant improvement in both the capacity toneutralize HSV-1 and HSV-sIgA levels. Physical IPV cessation was the main predictorof this recovery. Conclusions: This study shows that physical health recovery ispossible in women that have been IPV victims. Furthermore, it shows that recovery ofimmune control over HSV-1 is possible in women who have been exposed tophysical/psychological IPV. Other longitudinal studies are needed to determine whichfactors best predict the restoration of health in order to design effective interventionprograms.

Our cultural orientation informs our fundamental understandings of health. It has the potential to guide how we define health, how we understand the determinants of well-being, and how we respond to illness. For researchers, the recognition of this reality is central to not only how we interpret our findings, but also to the ways in which we develop the approach, questions, and methods central to our research. The Old Order Mennonites and Amish are a culturally, ethnically, and religiously distinct population existing within the North American society. This thesis sought to improve upon previous health-related research on this population by asking several basic questions: Among Old Order Mennonites and Amish, how is health perceived and 'good health' understood? What are the perceptions of the determinants of health? How is illness perceived? What is the response to illness? And how does culture relate to health in the Old Order community? A hermeneutical approach was adopted to address these questions and a qualitative textual analysis of an Old Order magazine, <i>Family Life</i>, completed. To allow the voices of community members to guide understandings, a broad approach to health was adopted throughout the examination of two years of the publication (2001, 2000). Findings indicate that in the <i>Family Life</i> writings health is primarily defined by an individual's ability to fulfill his or her role. A focus on nutrition and reproduction dominated discussions of the determinants of physical health and an individual's relationship with God was viewed by many as the central source of mental health or illness. Emotionally, analysis suggests that individuals may have a range of responses to illness including a desire to accept the experience of illness as a part of God's plan, a struggle to find this acceptance, and the incorporation of community and Divine support throughout this pursuit. Behaviourally, health information appears to be transferred through a variety of mediums including health practitioners, community members, and advertisements. Individuals expressed concern with appearing too quick to seek professional medical care and may incorporate a range of considerations into the decision of whether to begin, continue, or end medical treatments. The textual analysis indicated that a mixture of methods may be adopted for achieving health. Individuals appear to care for themselves through home remedies or non-medical measures (including alternative treatments) for as long as possible. In situations of acute physical illness, however, there appears to be comfort with seeking formal medical care. Amidst limited discussion of a physiological root of mental illness, analysis suggested that the main method of treating mental illness is refocusing concentration toward God rather than the self. In consideration of the cultural understandings guiding these submissions related to health and illness, there were two primary themes. The first is that God determines life and is an active and present force in the lives of individuals. The second theme is that the community responds to this belief in God's defining role in particular ways. More specifically, the Old Order orientation to life which includes a deferment of individual will to that of the authority of God and Community (<i>Gelassenheit</i>) and appreciation for a set of rules guiding behaviour (<i>Ordnung</i>), directs discussions and understandings of health in culturally-unique ways. Overall, this study highlighted the distinct ways in which cultural perspective guides understandings of health and illness within the Old Order community.

The frequently studied concept of social capital has often been related to health, but theconceptualisationand measurement of the conceptisanon-goingdebate. The main aim of this thesis is to study the relationship of four different indicators of social capital; informal social capital, formal social capital, trust towards institutions and trust towards others, with self-rated physical health and self-rated mental health in Iceland in 2009, shortly after a harsh economic crash. Insomnia symptoms will be studied as a possible mediator or moderator in the relationship. Furthermore, longitudinal data on informal social capital will be used to see the causal effect of social capital on health and to see if informal social capital decreased after the economic collapse. Population-based panel data from Iceland in 2007 and 2009 will be used to perform both cross-sectional analysis (n = 3,243) and longitudinal analysis (n = 3,131). The main results are that the four indicators of social capital all relate differently to physical and mental self-rated health, and insomnia symptoms seem to mediate the relationship between social capital and health, especially physical health. Surprisingly, informal social capital did increase during the economic collapse. The panel analysis further suggests that having poor informal social capital has causal effects on poor self-rated mental health when adjusted for symptoms of insomnia, age, gender, family status, education and smoking.

Affective intra-individual variability (IIV) and affective psychological flexibility (PF) are both types of within-person variability. Affective IIV is defined as the range of emotions experienced by an individual assessed at multiple time points. PF is defined as the ability to vary one’s responses in a contextually dependent manner in order to appropriately meet situational demands. Currently, there are no comparisons between affective IIV and PF demonstrating how these constructs might be uniquely different from each other. The current study proposed to examine affective IIV and PF in order to establish discriminant and convergent validity, and stability data for each construct. The National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE) waves 1 and 2, an 8-day daily diary portion of the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS I) and MIDUS II surveys was used for this study (n =793 adults completed both waves of the NSDE). Affective IIV was related to higher mean NA and neuroticism, and lower perceived control. Affective PF was related to lower mean NA, neuroticism, and higher mean PA and perceived control. Higher affective IIV was associated with more psychological distress when assessed concurrently at both waves and predicted more psychological distress and physical ill-health 10 years later. Higher affective PF was related to less psychological distress and physical ill-health when assessed concurrently at wave 1 and less psychological distress and physical ill-health 10 years later. When situational context is included in the calculation of emotional variability, changes in emotional response may represent emotional complexity and increased control rather than emotional lability and are related to better psychological and physical outcomes.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal