O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos ao longo de 30 sessões de mat Pilates em mulheres sedentárias. Foi desenvolvida uma Escala de Imagem Corporal a qual apresentou validade de conteúdo segundo sete experts, uma boa repetibilidade (Kappa = 0,743; p < 0,001) e reprodutibilidade (Kappa = 0,637; p < 0,001), além de uma boa correlação entre a silhueta apontada como a atual e o IMC do indivíduo (r = 0,696). 21 mulheres sedentárias sem contato prévio com o método e idade entre 21 e 35 anos foram submetidas a 30 sessões de Pilates em turmas de quatro alunas, duas vezes por semana. As avaliações foram realizadas em cinco momentos: antes do período controle de um mês, antes da intervenção, após dez sessões, após 20 sessões e após 30 sessões. Foi avaliada a força de preensão palmar como representativa da força geral e de forma complementar a força dos extensores do tronco; para a capacidade cardiorrespiratória foram considerados o primeiro e o segundo limar ventilatório e o VO2; e para a composição corporal o perfil de cinco componentes e o somatório de seis dobras. Foi encontrada diferença significativa e um tamanho de efeito grande na capacidade cardiorrespiratória entre as avaliações pré-intervenção e após trinta sessões: no primeiro limiar ventilatório (r = 0,77; p < 0,05), no segundo limiar ventilatório (r = 0,85; p < 0,05) e também no VO2 (r = 0,81; p < 0,05). A força dos extensores da coluna apresentou diferença estatística e tamanho de efeito grande entre o período pré e pós-intervenção (T = 9,50; r = - 0,537; z = -3,311; p = 0,001). Ao longo de trinta sessões de método Pilates houve diferença apenas nas capacidades cardiorrespiratórias e na força de extensores do tronco. A imagem corporal, a preensão palmar e a composição corporal não foram alteradas. / This study aimed to evaluate the effects along thirty mat Pilates sessions on women. A Body Image Scale was developed, which presented content validity according to seven experts, good repeatability (Kappa = 0.743; p < 0.001) and reproducibility (Kappa = 0.637; p < 0.001), and good correlation between the individual’s current self-identified silhouette and the respective BMI (r = 0.696). 21 women with no prior contact with the method and aged between 21 and 35 years were subjected to 30 Pilates sessions, twice a week, in groups of four participants. The evaluations were conducted at five moments: one month before the initiation of the intervention, immediately before the intervention, after ten sessions, after 20 sessions and after 30 sessions. The evaluation included: hand grip strength, representing overall strength and particularly trunk extensors strength; the first and second ventilatory threshold and VO2, for cardiorespiratory fitness; and a five-component profile and the sum of six skinfolds, for body composition. A significant difference and a large size effect were found on cardiorespiratory fitness between pre intervention and after thirty sessions ratings: first ventilatory threshold (r = 0.77; p < 0.05) in the second ventilatory threshold (r = 0.85; p < 0.05) and also in VO2 (r = 0.81; p < 0.05). The strength of the trunk extensors showed statistical significance and large effect size between pre and post intervention (t = 9.50; r = - 0.537; z = -3.311; p = 0.001). However, no difference in grip strength, body image or composition was found.

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos ao longo de 30 sessões de mat Pilates em mulheres sedentárias. Foi desenvolvida uma Escala de Imagem Corporal a qual apresentou validade de conteúdo segundo sete experts, uma boa repetibilidade (Kappa = 0,743; p < 0,001) e reprodutibilidade (Kappa = 0,637; p < 0,001), além de uma boa correlação entre a silhueta apontada como a atual e o IMC do indivíduo (r = 0,696). 21 mulheres sedentárias sem contato prévio com o método e idade entre 21 e 35 anos foram submetidas a 30 sessões de Pilates em turmas de quatro alunas, duas vezes por semana. As avaliações foram realizadas em cinco momentos: antes do período controle de um mês, antes da intervenção, após dez sessões, após 20 sessões e após 30 sessões. Foi avaliada a força de preensão palmar como representativa da força geral e de forma complementar a força dos extensores do tronco; para a capacidade cardiorrespiratória foram considerados o primeiro e o segundo limar ventilatório e o VO2; e para a composição corporal o perfil de cinco componentes e o somatório de seis dobras. Foi encontrada diferença significativa e um tamanho de efeito grande na capacidade cardiorrespiratória entre as avaliações pré-intervenção e após trinta sessões: no primeiro limiar ventilatório (r = 0,77; p < 0,05), no segundo limiar ventilatório (r = 0,85; p < 0,05) e também no VO2 (r = 0,81; p < 0,05). A força dos extensores da coluna apresentou diferença estatística e tamanho de efeito grande entre o período pré e pós-intervenção (T = 9,50; r = - 0,537; z = -3,311; p = 0,001). Ao longo de trinta sessões de método Pilates houve diferença apenas nas capacidades cardiorrespiratórias e na força de extensores do tronco. A imagem corporal, a preensão palmar e a composição corporal não foram alteradas. / This study aimed to evaluate the effects along thirty mat Pilates sessions on women. A Body Image Scale was developed, which presented content validity according to seven experts, good repeatability (Kappa = 0.743; p < 0.001) and reproducibility (Kappa = 0.637; p < 0.001), and good correlation between the individual’s current self-identified silhouette and the respective BMI (r = 0.696). 21 women with no prior contact with the method and aged between 21 and 35 years were subjected to 30 Pilates sessions, twice a week, in groups of four participants. The evaluations were conducted at five moments: one month before the initiation of the intervention, immediately before the intervention, after ten sessions, after 20 sessions and after 30 sessions. The evaluation included: hand grip strength, representing overall strength and particularly trunk extensors strength; the first and second ventilatory threshold and VO2, for cardiorespiratory fitness; and a five-component profile and the sum of six skinfolds, for body composition. A significant difference and a large size effect were found on cardiorespiratory fitness between pre intervention and after thirty sessions ratings: first ventilatory threshold (r = 0.77; p < 0.05) in the second ventilatory threshold (r = 0.85; p < 0.05) and also in VO2 (r = 0.81; p < 0.05). The strength of the trunk extensors showed statistical significance and large effect size between pre and post intervention (t = 9.50; r = - 0.537; z = -3.311; p = 0.001). However, no difference in grip strength, body image or composition was found.

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos ao longo de 30 sessões de mat Pilates em mulheres sedentárias. Foi desenvolvida uma Escala de Imagem Corporal a qual apresentou validade de conteúdo segundo sete experts, uma boa repetibilidade (Kappa = 0,743; p < 0,001) e reprodutibilidade (Kappa = 0,637; p < 0,001), além de uma boa correlação entre a silhueta apontada como a atual e o IMC do indivíduo (r = 0,696). 21 mulheres sedentárias sem contato prévio com o método e idade entre 21 e 35 anos foram submetidas a 30 sessões de Pilates em turmas de quatro alunas, duas vezes por semana. As avaliações foram realizadas em cinco momentos: antes do período controle de um mês, antes da intervenção, após dez sessões, após 20 sessões e após 30 sessões. Foi avaliada a força de preensão palmar como representativa da força geral e de forma complementar a força dos extensores do tronco; para a capacidade cardiorrespiratória foram considerados o primeiro e o segundo limar ventilatório e o VO2; e para a composição corporal o perfil de cinco componentes e o somatório de seis dobras. Foi encontrada diferença significativa e um tamanho de efeito grande na capacidade cardiorrespiratória entre as avaliações pré-intervenção e após trinta sessões: no primeiro limiar ventilatório (r = 0,77; p < 0,05), no segundo limiar ventilatório (r = 0,85; p < 0,05) e também no VO2 (r = 0,81; p < 0,05). A força dos extensores da coluna apresentou diferença estatística e tamanho de efeito grande entre o período pré e pós-intervenção (T = 9,50; r = - 0,537; z = -3,311; p = 0,001). Ao longo de trinta sessões de método Pilates houve diferença apenas nas capacidades cardiorrespiratórias e na força de extensores do tronco. A imagem corporal, a preensão palmar e a composição corporal não foram alteradas. / This study aimed to evaluate the effects along thirty mat Pilates sessions on women. A Body Image Scale was developed, which presented content validity according to seven experts, good repeatability (Kappa = 0.743; p < 0.001) and reproducibility (Kappa = 0.637; p < 0.001), and good correlation between the individual’s current self-identified silhouette and the respective BMI (r = 0.696). 21 women with no prior contact with the method and aged between 21 and 35 years were subjected to 30 Pilates sessions, twice a week, in groups of four participants. The evaluations were conducted at five moments: one month before the initiation of the intervention, immediately before the intervention, after ten sessions, after 20 sessions and after 30 sessions. The evaluation included: hand grip strength, representing overall strength and particularly trunk extensors strength; the first and second ventilatory threshold and VO2, for cardiorespiratory fitness; and a five-component profile and the sum of six skinfolds, for body composition. A significant difference and a large size effect were found on cardiorespiratory fitness between pre intervention and after thirty sessions ratings: first ventilatory threshold (r = 0.77; p < 0.05) in the second ventilatory threshold (r = 0.85; p < 0.05) and also in VO2 (r = 0.81; p < 0.05). The strength of the trunk extensors showed statistical significance and large effect size between pre and post intervention (t = 9.50; r = - 0.537; z = -3.311; p = 0.001). However, no difference in grip strength, body image or composition was found.

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Syftet med studien är att utforska och beskriva hur några cellolärare ser på fenomenet den spelande kroppen. I arbetets bakgrundskapitel ges en forskningsöversikt av musikers hälsa och skadeförebyggande instrumentalundervisning samt ett avsnitt om ”musikerergonomi”. Bakgrunden visar att musiker är en yrkesgrupp som har en stressig och pressande arbetsmiljö. Detta i kombination med hög belastning på vissa kroppsdelar leder till problem med bland annat smärtor. Studiens vetenskapsfilosofiska perspektiv är fenomenologi där ett livsvärldsperspektiv är utgångspunkten tillsammans med Merleau-Pontys och syn på kroppen som subjekt. I metodkapitlet presenteras studiens valda metod vilken är semistrukturerad intervju som i föreliggande studie videofilmas. I resultatet presenteras cellolärarnas syn på den spelande kroppen i tre meningsenheter. Den första, den levande kroppen tar upp kroppen som helhet, andning och kroppars olikheter. Där visas att cellolärarna har en helhetssyn på kroppen där cellisters olikheter behöver tas i beaktning och andningen ses som central. Andra meningsenheten kroppskännedom delas in i avsnitten att närvara i sin kropp, vanans makt, när kroppsligt engagemang blir negativt och när det gör ont. Meningsenheten beskriver hur cellolärarna ser på att uppleva den egna kroppen och känna efter samt vikten av att vara vaksam på smärtor och spänningar. I den tredje och sista meningsenheten kroppslig omsorg presenteras samspel mellan kropp och cello, avspänning, uppvärmning, stretch och yoga och annan träning. Där presenteras cellolärarnas syn på hur cellospelet kan ske med fokus på avspänning samt övningar med och utan instrument för att ta hand om kroppen. Avslutningsvis diskuteras resultatet i relation till tidigare presenterad litteratur och ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv. Diskussionen delas in i två delar där den första den spelande kroppen, visar hur kroppen ses om en helhet med sittställning och andning som centrala delar. Därtill erfar cellolärarna att grundkonditionen är av vikt för den spelande kroppens välbefinnande. I den andra delen kroppens syntes visas hur kroppsmedvetenhet och vanor är faktorer som enligt cellolärarna skapar förutsättningar och välmående för den spelande kroppen. Avslutningsvis diskuteras hur cellon som yttre objekt kan införlivas i den levande kroppen och på så vis bli en del av en helhet i form av den spelade kroppen. / The aim of this study is to explore and describe the views of some cello teachers on the phenomenon the playing body. In the background chapter of the work you will find a presentation of previous research of musicians’ health and injury prevention in music education and a section about “musician ergonomics”. The background shows that being a musician is an occupation with a stressful and pressing work place environment. This in combination with high strain on some body parts leads to problems such as pain. The science philosophical perspective of the study is phenomenology where a life-world perspective is the starting point together with Merleau-Ponty´s view on the body as the subject. In the method chapter, the method of the study is presented which consists of semi-structured interviews that are documented with video. In the result, the cello teachers’ views on the playing body is presented in three meaningful units. The first, the living body takes up the body as a whole, breathing and bodies differences. There it is shown that the cello teachers have a holistic approach on the body where cellists’ differences need to be taken into account and the breathing is seen as essencial. The second meaningful unit body awareness is divided into to be present in the body, force of the habit, when bodily involvement becomes negative and when it hurts. The meaningful unit describes how the cello teachers view the experience of the own body and being attentive to feelings and the importance of being alert to pain and tension. In the third and final meaningful unit bodily care, interaction between body and cello, relaxation, warm-up, stretch and yoga and other exercise, are presented. It introduces the celloteachers’ view on how cello can be played with focus on eliminating tensions and exercises with or without instruments for bodily care. Lastly the result is discussed in relation to previously presented literature and a phenomenological perspective. The discussion is divided into two parts, where the first, the playing body, shows how the body is seen as a whole, with sitting position and respiration being central subjects. In addition the cello teachers witness that basic condition is of importance for the well-being of the playing body. In the second part the synthesis of the body it shows how bodily awareness and habits are factors that according to the cello teachers create opportunities and well-being for the playing body. Finally there is discussion on how the cello as an exterior object can be incorporated with the living body and in that way become part of a whole in the shape of the playing body.

Among the 14 million persons living in the United States with current or remitted cancer, poor physical health-related quality of life (HRQL) is a significant concern. However, self-compassion (i.e., common humanity, mindfulness, self-kindness) may be a protective factor, either directly or indirectly, by allowing for a sense of empowerment and control over illness, and in turn, facilitating engagement in treatment and positive perceptions of health. Serial mediation analyses among persons living with current (n = 67) or remitted (n = 168) cancer lend support for a positive, direct association between self-compassion and physical HRQL, as well as indirect effects via internal perceived control and, to a lesser degree, treatment adherence. Mixed findings, especially among cancer patients, highlight limitations of resiliency traits while also supporting the notion that self-compassion interventions (e.g., Mindful Self-Compassion Training) may have positive implications for health-related control beliefs, behaviors, and quality of life in the cancer population.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur förskollärare och barnskötare ser på fysisk hälsa, kost och rörelse för 1-2 åringar i förskolan. Åtta pedagoger intervjuades kring dessa ämnen genom semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes som analysmetod. Studien utgår från det sociokulturella perspektivet. Resultatet visar att pedagogerna ansåg att fysisk hälsa är detsamma som rörelse och att de ansåg att planerad rörelse skulle finnas en gång i veckan i förskolan. Husmanskost var det som pedagogerna föredrog när det gäller kost i förskolan och de ansåg att socker till maträtter var okej. Enligt pedagogerna får barn äta så lite som de vill på förskolan men hur mycket de får äta beror på om de har övervikt eller ej. En slutsats som kommit fram från resultatet är att det nästan inte sker någon planerad rörelse alls på de här förskolorna. / The purpose of this study was to examine preschool teachers and nannies views on physical health, diet and activity among 1-2 year olds in preschool. Eight educators was interviewed on these subjects by semi-structured qualitative interviews. Qualitative content analysis was used as the analytic method. This study is based on the socio-cultural perspective. The result shows that the educators concluded that physical activity is the same as activity and that they thought planned activities should occur once a week in preschool. Traditional Swedish home cooking was what the educators prefered when it came to diet in the preschool and they thought that sugar was okay to meals. According to the educators the children could eat as little as they wanted whilst at preschool but there is a limit for how much they wish to eat depending on if they are overweight or not. A conclusion that has come out of the results of this study is that there is almost no planned activities at all on these preschools.

Among persons living with, or recovering from, chronic illness, poor physical health-related quality of life is a concern, as current and residual illness symptoms and treatment side effects may deleteriously impact physical functioning and fulfillment of daily roles. Numerous cognitive, emotional, and behavioral factors may impact perceptions of health status. Optimism, for example, is conceptualized as belief in the occurrence of positive future outcomes, and is beneficially associated with physical health-related quality of life. Further, optimism may contribute to enhanced perceptions of control and efficacy over disease symptoms and general health, manifesting as proactive health behaviors (e.g., wellness behaviors; treatment adherence) and, in turn, improved health-related quality of life. Across independent samples of persons living with remitted cancer (N = 164) or fibromyalgia (N = 508), we examined the serial mediating effects of health-related self-efficacy and proactive health behaviors in the relation between dispositional optimism and physical health-related quality of life. Participants completed online self-report measures, including the Life Orientation Test – Revised, Control Beliefs Inventory, Multidimensional Health Profile – Health Functioning Index, Wellness Behaviors Inventory, Medical Outcomes Study General Treatment Adherence Scale, and the Short-Form Health Survey. Significant serial mediation was observed across samples; higher dispositional optimism was associated with greater health-related self-efficacy and, in turn, greater engagement in proactive health behaviors and better physical health-related quality of life. For persons with remitted cancer, absence of other specific indirect effects indicates a need to consider the potential impact of unique aspects of disease, such as late effects of treatment or fear of recurrence, that may limit the beneficial effects of optimism exclusively through health-related self-efficacy or wellness behaviors. For persons with fibromyalgia, we found specific indirect effects through each mediating variable, lending support for the decoupling of cognitive and behavioral factors, consistent with pathophysiological and psychosomatic explanations of illness symptoms and approaches to treatment. Interventions designed to enhance optimism (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy; best possible self exercise) or self-efficacy (e.g., exercise skills training) may have positive downstream effects on health behavior engagement and perceptions of physical health-related quality of life among individuals living with remitted cancer or fibromyalgia.

Vi har i dagens samhälle väldigt höga krav på oss själva och varandra. För många ungdomar är skolan en av de första källorna till hälsa eller ohälsa de kommer i kontakt med. Psykisk och fysisk ohälsa idag är något som det ofta talas om i media, i skolor och runt om oss väldigt ofta, inte minst i min utbildning. Jag som blivande gymnasielärare i idrott och hälsa vill därför undersöka om ämnet idrott och hälsa kan ha en positiv eller negativ effekt på gymnasielevers psykiska och fysiska hälsa. Syftet med arbetet blir då att undersöka betydelsen för elevers fysiska och psykiska hälsa i förhållande till ämnet idrott och hälsa. Frågeställningen som genomsyrar arbetet och som arbetet bygger på är följande:-Anser gymnasieelever att ämnet idrott och hälsa har en positiv effekt på deras fysiska och mentala hälsa?För att uppfylla detta syfte så har en enkätundersökning genomförts på en gymnasieskola i Lunds Kommun där totalt 115 gymnasieelever som alla varit över 18 år gamla deltagit. Efter att den data som samlats in analyserats visar det sig att gymnasieeleverna menar att ämnet idrott och hälsa är en källa till psykisk hälsa, men framförallt fysiskt hälsa. / We have very high demands on ourselves and each other in today's society. For many young people, the school is one of the first sources of health or ill-health they encounter. Mental and physical ill-health today is something that is often talked about in the media, in schools and around us very often, not least in my education. As a future high school teacher in physical education, I would like to investigate whether the subject of physical education can have a positive or negative effect on the mental and physical health of high school students. The purpose of this study will then be to investigate the significance for pupils' physical and mental health in relation to the subject of physical education.The issue that permeates the study and on which the study is based is as follows:- Do high school students consider that the subject of physical education has a positive effect on their physical and mental health?To fulfill this purpose, a questionnaire survey has been conducted at a high school in Lunds Kommun, where a total of 115 high school students who have all been over the age of 18 participated. After the collected data has been analyzed, it turns out that high school students believe that the subject of physical education is a source of mental health, but above all physical health.

Aim The purpose of this survey is to investigate what students in grade 9 thinks what health is. How they relate to health in the subject physical education and what image they have on the subject. Questions What do students in grade 9 think about what they learn about the notion of health. How do the teachers convey their knowledge to the students about health. Do the students have a pathogen or a salutogenic perspective of health. Method To answer the questions the survey used a qulitative method with interviews. Six students from grade 9 and 3 teachers in physical education participated in the study. The interviews were semistructured because the content and questions were decided before hand but the follow up questions were adapted to the people that participated. Results The students perceived the notion of health in the subject differently. Some students connects the notion of health to different physical activities whilst some students thinks about nutrition as an important part of health. All the participating teachers used theory sessions to educate about health. However, the content could differ between the teachers. The image of what the students think about health is mainly from a salutogenic perspective. 5 of 6 students said they interpreted that they had a salutogenic perspective and only one person thought about health from a pathogen perspective. Conclusions The students interpreted the notion of health differently. The teachers used theory sessions when they educated about health. Both students and teachers thought about health from mainly a salutogenic perspective. / Syfte Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vad elever i årskurs 9 anser vara hälsa. Hur de relaterar hälsa till undervisningen i ämnet idrott och hälsa, samt vilken bild av hälsa de har. Frågeställningar: Vad anser eleverna i årskurs 9 att de lär sig om begreppet hälsa i ämnet idrott och hälsa? Hur förmedlar lärarna kunskap om hälsa till eleverna? Har eleverna en patogen eller salutogen bild av begreppet hälsa? Metod För att svara på studiens frågeställningar har en kvalitativ metod använts där intervjuer gjorts på sex olika elever i årskurs 9 och tre idrottslärare. Intervjuerna var semistrukturerade då innehåll och följd på intervjufrågor förutbestämde synsättet. Studiens teoretiska utgångpunkt tas i begreppen salutogen och patogen. Det salutogena tar fokus i människans främjande mot en bättre hälsa än vad denne har idag medan det patogena synsättet fokuserar på själva sjukdomen i sig, varför man blir sjuk. Resultat Eleverna har olika tolkningar kring begreppet hälsa i ämnet idrott och hälsa. Några elever kopplar begreppet hälsa till olika typer av fysiska aktiviteter medan andra tar in kosten som en viktig del i begreppet. Samtliga lärare använder teoriundervisning när de vill förmedla kunskap kring begreppet hälsa. Undervisningens innehåll däremot skiljer sig mellan lärarna. Eleverna har huvudsakligen en salutogen bild av hälsa. Slutsats Elevernas bild av hälsa är huvudsakligen salutogen, det vill säga man har ett hälsofrämjande synsätt i motsats till att fokusera på vad som orsakar sjukdom. / <p>Studiegång Idrott, fritidskultur och hälsa. Ht 2014</p>