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Según Tuñoque (2021), uno de los mayores problemas que ha generado el trabajo remoto es el desgaste emocional y físico, en su mayoría por llevar una vida sedentaria. Adicionalmente, según las múltiples entrevistas realizadas a expertos de la materia en este trabajo, la pandemia ha despertado ciertas emociones negativas en la población como la ansiedad, tristeza, preocupaciones y estrés; también problemas físicos, sobre todo los lumbares y musculares. Con Bohemia, se busca crear un plan de negocio con la finalidad de solucionar este problema y comprobar la viabilidad del emprendimiento. En primer lugar, se desarrolló un Business Model Canvas, mediante el cual se plantearon posibles aspectos claves para el negocio, como el segmento de mercado a donde va dirigido, a qué tipo de clientes se enfoca, la estructura de costos y las fuentes de ingreso para evaluar cada uno de los cuadrantes. En el sentido de validar esta idea de negocio, se procedió a realizar entrevistas a diferentes usuarios y en base a las opiniones de los mismos, se propuso crear una página web para satisfacer sus necesidades. En este trabajo se desarrollaron experimentos para validar variables como la existencia del problema en el segmento de mercado, el interés de compra y la acogida por parte de los usuarios. / According to Tuñoque (2021), one of the biggest problems that remote work has generated is emotional and physical exhaustion, mostly from a sedentary life. Additionally, according to the multiple interviews with experts in the field, that were conducted in this work, the pandemic has brought up certain negative emotions in the population such as anxiety, sadness, worries and stress; also, physical problems, especially lumbar and muscular. With Bohemia, we aim to create a business plan in order to solve this problem and verify the viability of the undertaking. In the first place, a Business Model Canvas was developed, through which possible to define key aspects for the business, such as the market segment to which it is directed, what type of clients it focuses on, the cost structure and the sources of income to evaluate each of the quadrants. In order to validate this business idea, interviews were conducted with different users and based on their opinions, it was proposed to create a web page to meet their needs. In this work, experiments were developed to validate variables such as the existence of the problem in the market segment, the purchase interest and the reception by the users. / Trabajo de investigación

According to Article 19 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, “Children shall be protected against all forms of physical or psychological violence, harm or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, abuse or exploitation, including sexual abuse. However, this is not followed up as studies show that violence against children is a major public health issue and causes major consequences for many involved such as the individual child, the relatives and society, according to Jernbro, C & Landberg, Å (2020) in their report. There is an increased risk of significant behavioral, physical and mental health problems for children who are exposed to violence, shows Jernbro, C & Landberg, Å (2020). The purpose of this research work is to find out what consequences children suffer as a result of violence from caregivers. The survey is qualitative where empirical material in the form of three autobiographies has been used to contribute new knowledge in the survey area.

ACEs have been associated with heightened risk for a range of chronic health problems, substance use, and cognition in adulthood (Center for Disease Control (CDC), 2019; Hinojosa et al., 2017). One potential protective factor is physical activity (McEwen, 2016; Wu et al., 2013). Physical activity is associated with sustaining overall health, improving mental health by reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety (Murri et al., 2019; Sharma et al., 2006; Tasci et al., 2019), and maintaining a healthy body weight and BMI (WHO, 2021). Therefore, this study examined whether barriers to physical activity, physical activity levels, and executive outcomes serve as serial mediators to the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and perceived quality of physical health. Participants (n=75) completed several self- report measures related to ACEs, barriers to physical activity, amount of physical activity, and perceived quality of physical health. Following the questionnaires, they completed three executive function tasks (Flanker, Sternberg, Wisconsin Card Sorting) via E PRIME. Results revealed that lack of time, lack of willpower, and lack of energy were the most prevalent barriers to physical activity. Additionally, a significant serial mediation analysis indicated that barriers to physical activity and physical activity levels mediated the relationship between ACEs and perceived quality of physical health. Specifically, higher ACE scores were associated with more barriers to physical activity, followed by lower physical activity levels, which in turn, lower perceived quality of physical health. However, there was insufficient evidence to conclude that executive function serially mediates the relationship between ACEs and perceived quality of physical health. The current study provides clarification on specific pathways that contribute to the relationship between ACEs and perceived quality of physical health. Future research should focus on developing interventions and educational efforts that reduce barriers to physical activity and increase physical activity and resilience building in populations that are more prone to early adversity efforts, as it may be linked to perceived quality of physical health.

Poliser är en yrkesgrupp som mer ofta drabbas av psykisk och fysisk ohälsa än den generella befolkningen, däremot är kunskapen om polisstudenters hälsa begränsad. Syftet med denna undersökningen var att undersöka polisstudenters självskattade hälsa, men även att analysera om självskattad hälsa påverkar tilltro till polisiär förmåga. Det teoretiska ramverket utgörs av tidigare forskning om poliser såväl som polisstudenter och olika aspekter av deras hälsa. I denna studien tillfrågades polisstudenter vid två olika universitet i södra Sverige att delta i enkätundersökningen. Totalt 121 polisstudenter slutförde frågeformuläret och deltog i studien. Frågeformuläret är en omarbetad version av folkhälsoenkäten och bestod av 60 items vilka delades upp i sju övergripande kategorier som behandlade olika aspekter av hälsa. Utifrån enkätens frågor konstruerades tre variabler: hälsa; fysisk aktivitet; och tilltro till polisiär förmåga. Studieresultaten indikerar på att polisstudenter har goda fysiska aktivitetsvanor och allmän hälsa. Fysisk aktivitet (träning) och god psykisk hälsa påverkade främst studenternas tilltro till polisiär förmåga. / Police officers often suffer more often from mental- and physical illness than the average person, yet the health of police recruits remains unexamined. The aim of this study was to map how police students perceive their mental- and physical health and to investigate whether there is a relationship between self-esteemed health andtheir confidence in police profession ability. The theory consists of previous studies that has explored police officers as well as police trainers and different aspects of their health. Respondents studied at two different universities in southern Sweden. A total of 121 police trainees completed the questioner and were included in the study. The questioner had 60 items further divided into seven overriding categories regarding different aspects of health. Three main variables, health, physical activity and confidence in police profession ability were constructed from the questioner. This study results indicate that police recruits have good physical activity habits and general good health. Moderate physical activity and good mental health had the most impact on the recruits confidence in future police employment.

En el Perú y el mundo hay tendencias importantes en crecimiento, por un lado tenemos los cambios sociales respecto al bienestar de la salud física y mental donde jóvenes y mayores buscan alimentarse saludablemente reduciendo el azúcar, harinas o grasas, bebiendo más agua o practicando actividades relacionadas al deporte. Negocios cómo los gimnasios, spa, sauna, etc. vienen creciendo anualmente, así mismo, la importancia de un buen descanso para las personas está ganando un lugar importante en esta tendencia y es que la llamada “calidad de sueño” es más que solo dormir, es el momento donde el cuerpo recupera y se prepara física y mentalmente para afrontar las actividades diarias de las personas. Por otro lado, la evolución de la tecnología es parte de nuestras vidas, desde muy pequeños convivimos con productos inteligentes y contar con uno no es solo estar actualizado sino ganar un status en la sociedad actual. Debido a esto, es una gran oportunidad para Smart Blanket lanzar un producto inteligente que cubra esta necesidad contribuyendo a la salud y a través de la tecnología. Existen aplicaciones exitosas dedicadas a mejorar la calidad de sueño a través de melodías relajantes, por lo que ya hay intención de cubrir esta necesidad y nuestro producto lo hace de la misma forma y mejor teniendo otras consideraciones importantes que se detallan a la largo del proyecto donde demostraremos también, que con una inversión inicial de S/. 81,145.00 podemos generar importantes ingresos, una rentabilidad que nos permita recuperar la inversión dentro del primer año y una escalabilidad a otros sectores del país o incluso con otros productos relacionados. / In Peru and the world there are important trends in growth, on the one hand we have social changes regarding the well-being of physical and mental health where young and old seek to eat healthy by reducing sugar, flour or fat, drinking more water or practicing related activities to sport. Business like gyms, spa, sauna, etc. They have been growing annually, likewise, the importance of a good rest for people is gaining an important place in this trend and is that the so-called "quality of sleep" is more than just sleeping, it is the time when the body recovers and prepares physically and mentally to deal with people's daily activities. On the other hand, the evolution of technology is part of our lives, from a very young age we coexisted with smart products and having one is not only up-to-date but also gaining a status in today's society. Because of this, it is a great opportunity for Smart blanked to launch a smart product that meets this need by contributing to health and through technology. There are successful applications dedicated to improving sleep quality through relaxing melodies, so there is already an intention to cover this need and our product does it in the same way and better having other important considerations that are detailed throughout the project where We will also demonstrate that with an initial investment of S /. 81,145.00 we can generate significant income, a return that allows us to recover the investment within the first year and scalability to other sectors of the country or even with other related products. / Trabajo de investigación

This diploma dissertation is about health concept and contemporary lifestyle of pupils of the 2 nd grade of primary school. I worked with students on 2nd grade Elementary school in Suchdol. Healthy lifestyle is very important as a basic human value. I reseached integration of school subject Health Education acording General Education Plan. I define term health and factors affecting health. The level is depend on education and age. The target of my work is surway about knowledges and awarenes of students on 2nd grade. I put them pretest to find their incoming informations. This result I used for my lesson plans. The basic facts were taken by questionnares. The results were compared and analysed. This reseached found out that informations and knowledges were different. The upper grade was better than lower. These proofs showes that Health Education is one of the most important parts in elementary education. KEYWORDS health, health lifestyle, health education, health literacy, physical health, mental health, social health, spiritual health

Objetivos: Determinar el perfil de manejo de dolor musculoesquelético en los profesionales de la salud del Hospital Augusto Hernández de Ica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo en los profesionales de salud del Hospital Augusto Hernández de Ica. El cálculo de muestra fue realizado en Epidat 4.2, resultando en 91 participantes necesarios para el estudio. El muestreo fue por conveniencia y se incluyó a todos los profesionales de la salud del hospital dispuestos y disponibles a participar del estudio entre las fechas de la recolección de datos. No hubo consideraciones de exclusión para este estudio. Se generó una base de datos en Microsoft Excel por doble digitación con control de inconsistencias. El análisis fue realizado en Stata 12 donde las variables cuantitativas fueron presentadas en medias, desviación estándar e intervalos de confianza; y las variables cualitativas, en frecuencias absolutas, porcentajes e intervalos de confianza. El dolor musculoesquelético (DME) y el manejo del dolor musculoesquelético fueron referidos a través del Cuestionario Nórdico y el Cuestionario específico de manejo de dolor musculoesquelético. Resultados: Participaron 107 profesionales: médicos (44,9%), enfermeras (29%), obstetricia (10,3%) y fisioterapeutas (6,5%). Los que tuvieron una media en el índice de masa corporal de 27,1 (±3,7). La prevalencia de DME global fue de 94,4%, donde el 26,2% de los participantes realizaron cambios en sus ambientes y/o actividades laborales. Los principales tratamientos en este estudio fueron: utilización de fármacos 58,9%, realización de cirugías 1,9%, y 36,5% realizaron de terapia física. La adherencia al tratamiento en los fármacos fue del 50,5%, y las terapias físicas del 23,4%. Los participantes refirieron mejoría de sus DME en un 59,8%, y 58,9% de reincidencias. La prescripción de tratamiento farmacológico fue del 31,8%. La medicación consumida fue de: 51,4% de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINES), 18,7% de relajantes musculares, y 4,7% entre opioides y suplementos vitamínicos. Las instituciones de atención de terapia física fueron: EsSalud (23,4%), profesionales independientes a domicilio (9,3%), centros privados de terapia física (4,7%), clínicas privadas (4,7%), y hospitales del ministerio de salud del Perú (1,9%). Conclusiones: El perfil del manejo del DME, en este hospital, fue predominantemente farmacológico automedicado con un alto consumo de AINES, el cual supera al manejo fisioterapéutico de los DME. Asimismo, este perfil presenta una baja adherencia al tratamiento con pocos cambios en los ambientes laborales. / Objectives: To determine the musculoskeletal pain management profile on health care professionals of Augusto Hernández Hospital of Ica – Peru. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on health care professionals of Augusto Hernández Hospital of Ica – Peru. The sample size calculation was performed in Epidat 4.2, resulting in 91 participants needed for the study. Convenience sampling method was used to include all the hospital’s available health care professionals willing to participate in the study on the assigned data recollection dates. No exclusion criteria were considered for this study. A Microsoft Excel database was generated by double typing for inconsistencies control. Database analysis was carried out on Stata 12 where quantitative variables were presented in means, standard deviation and confidence intervals, and qualitative variables were presented in absolute frequencies, percentages, and confidence intervals. Musculoskeletal pain (MP) and musculoskeletal pain management were referred through the Nordic Questionnaire and the Musculoskeletal Pain Management Specific Questionnaire respectively. Results: 107 professionals participated in the study: doctors (44.9%), nurses (29%), obstetrics (10.3%) and physiotherapists (6.5%). Sample’s mean Body Mass Index was 27.1 (± 3.7). Global MP prevalence was 94.4% where 26.2% of participants made changes in their work environments and/or activities. Main treatments on this study were: Drugs (58.9%), Surgery (1.9%) and Physical Therapy (36.5%). Treatment adherence on “Drugs” were 50.5% and 23.4% on “Physical Therapy”. Participants’ MP improvement was referred as 59.8% and MP relapse as 58.9%. Pharmacological treatment prescription was on 31.8% of the sample. Consumed drugs on this study were: 51.4% of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 18.7% of muscle relaxant drugs, and 4.7% between opioids and vitamin supplements. Physical therapy care institutions usage was: EsSalud (23.4%), independent professionals at home (9.3%), private physical therapy centers (4.7%), and Ministry of Health of Peru’ hospitals (1.9%). Conclusions: Musculoskeletal Pain Management Profile in this hospital was predominantly of self-medicated drug usage of NSAIDs, exceeding physiotherapeutic MP management. In addition, this profile shows low treatment adherence with low work environment changes. / Tesis

In recent years, Sweden has undergone urbanization, with cities growing and the population increasing. At the same time, there is a great shortage of housing and a great need to expand. As Swedish cities grow, densification has been used as a planning ideal and strategy. This is because densification is in many ways seen as a sustainable way of building. At the same time, research shows that densification can have negative health effects. Therefore, this thesis has investigated whether health aspects are safeguarded in densification processes and how they are safeguarded in three Swedish municipalities, Gothenburg, Malmö and Jönköping.  The study was done through interviews with urban planners at each municipality and by analyzing the municipalities' comprehensive plans. The result of the thesis shows that the municipalities work with the health perspective in planning and the planners are aware of the importance of health issues in the planning process. The municipalities point out that there are health risks with densification, such as loss of green areas, but mention that densification can also have positive health effects such as increased opportunities for mobility. Even if municipalities are proactive, health issues are often de-prioritized in densification processes due to economic or political interests. Mental health issues also receive less attention in the planning process than physical health issues. The conclusion for what needs to be done is that planners need to take a clearer role and address mental health more in densification processes. More research on the health effects of densification is necessary in order to provide planners and decision-makers with clearer guidelines on how planning can safeguard health aspects.

Bakgrund   Våld i nära relation är ett globalt folkhälsoproblem vilket leder till ett flertal negativa hälsokonsekvenser för kvinnor. Våldet påverkar kvinnor både fysiskt och psykisk, i form av direkta skador och ett stort psykiskt lidande. Den psykiska misshandeln leder både till somatiska sjukdomar samt en rad olika psykiska sjukdomar såsom depression, ångest och posttraumatiskt stressyndrom. Konsekvenserna av det fysiska och psykiska våldet leder även till en försämrad livskvalitet. Grunden i att stoppa våld i nära relationer globalt är kunskap, utbildning och ekonomiska resurser. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll i detta arbete då hen kommer i kontakt med utsatta kvinnor genom sin profession men även har en möjlighet att sprida kunskap inom området. Syfte Syftet med studien är att belysa de negativa hälsokonsekvenserna som kan drabba kvinnor som utsätts för våld i nära relation. Metod Detta är en icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt vilken grundar sig i 19 vetenskapliga artiklar som inhämtats från databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och PsycINFO. Kvalitetsgranskning gjordes utifrån Sophiahemmet högskolas protokoll för kvalitetsbedömning efter detta genomfördes en integrativ analys. Några huvudteman visade sig genom analysen och dessa skapade grunden för resultatet Resultat Resultatet visade på att det psykiska våldet var utbrett och ledde till de flesta negativa hälsokonsekvenserna. Det allvarligaste fysiska skadorna som uppkom till följd av våldet var traumatisk hjärnskada, vilket i sig bidrog till bland annat kognitiva problem. Social isolering var något som alla studier tog upp och den sociala isoleringen skapade en starkt försämrad självkänsla hos de drabbade kvinnorna. Slutsats Våld i nära relation kan ta sig i uttryck på flera olika sätt och därför är det viktigt att sjuksköterskan och andra professioner som möter dessa kvinnor förstår komplexiteten kring våldet. Utbildning, kunskap och ekonomiska resurser krävs för att få ett slut på våldet. / Background Intimate partner violence is a global public health problem, which leads to several negative health consequences for women. Violence affects women both physically and mentally, in the form of direct injuries and great mental suffering. The mental abuse leads to both somatic diseases and several different mental illnesses such as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. The consequences of physical and psychological violence also lead to a reduced quality of life. The basis for stopping violence in close relationships globally is knowledge, education and financial resources. The nurse has an important role in this work as she comes into contact with vulnerable women through her profession but also has an opportunity to spread knowledge in the field. Aim The purpose of the study is to shed light on the negative health consequences that can affect women who are exposed to intimate partner violence.  Method This is a non-systematic literature review based on 19 scientific articles obtained from the databases PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Quality review was performed based on Sophiahemmet University's protocol for quality assessment, after which an integrative analysis was carried out. Some main themes emerged through the analysis and these created the basis for the result. Results The results showed that psychological violence was widespread and led to most negative health consequences. The most serious physical injury that occurred as a result of the violence was traumatic brain injury, which in itself contributed to, among other things, cognitive problems. Social isolation was something that all studies addressed, and the social isolation created a greatly impaired self-esteem among the affected women.  Conclusions Intimate partner violence can manifest itself in several different ways and therefore it is important that the nurse and other professionals who meet these women understand the complexity of the violence. Education, knowledge and financial resources are required to end the violence.