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This study aims to examine how a business-to-business (B2B) relationship is affected by a decrease in physical interactions between firm representatives. Previous studies have shown that external events can affect B2B relationships but not how these effects take shape. With the recent COVID-19 pandemic in mind, the need to investigate how reduced physical interactions affect B2B relationships becomes relevant. A qualitative method is used through a multiple case study where data is collected through semi-structured interviews with three firms within the Swedish vehicle financing industry. The study finds that a reduction in physical interaction between firm representatives affects the trust generated between the representatives themselves and the companies they represent. Digital interaction can only replace face-to-face communication for shorter periods of time to enable clear communication and trust in a B2B relationship. The study also finds that a company’s means of interaction leads to an adaptation in the framework of interaction in B2B relationships.

"Sitting is the new smoking" and is one of the major causes of human health problems today. Swedes train the most in the world but are also among those who work  mostsedentary. Proper movement while taking 1 minute of active short breaks helps to preventfurther health problems. Cameras can detect body movements and this information can beused to do motion analysis and skeletal estimation. Furthermore, this can be used to create games that can use this detected movement and force the user to be more active whiledoing something fun.This thesis is about designing and implementing two mini-games in Godot for particular body movements using MediaPipe. Game designers for the mini-games use heuristicsfor motion-based control in games presented by Hara and Ovaska. This thesis focuses ondeveloping game control using motion control for the mini-games. The game controls areevaluated by calculating the sensitivity of how well the controls work for the games.

Cette thèse se concentre sur les robots aériens autonomes qui interagissent avec l’environnement et en particulier sur la conception de nouvelles méthodes de commande et de planification de mouvement pour tels systèmes. De nos jours, les véhicules aériens autonomes sont de plus en plus utilisés dans des nombreux domaines d’application, mais ils viennent utilisés surtout comme des simples capteurs. Au vu de ça, les défis majeurs dans le domaine de l’interaction physique aérienne, est aujourd’hui d’aller au-delà de cette application limitée, et d’exploiter entièrement les capacités des robots aériens afin d’interagir avec l’environnement. Dans le but de réaliser cet objectif, cette thèse considère l’analyse d’une classe spécifique de systèmes aériens interagissant avec l’environnement : les véhicules aériens attachés avec des câbles ou des bars. Ce travail se concentre sur l’analyse formelle et minutieuse de véhicules aériens attachés, en allant du contrôle et l’évaluation d’état à la planification du mouvement. Nous avons examiné notamment la platitude différentielle du système, trouvant deux sorties plate possibles qui révèlent des nouvelles capacités de tel système pour l’interaction physiques. En plus, poussé par l’intérêt pour l’interaction physique aérienne d’A à Z, nous avons abordés des problèmes supplémentaires liés à la conception, au contrôle et à la planification du mouvement pour des manipulateurs aériens. / This thesis focuses on the study of autonomous aerial robots interacting with the surrounding environment, and in particular on the design of new control and motion planning methods for such systems. Nowadays, autonomous aerial vehicles are extensively employed in many fields of application but mostly as autonomously moving sensors. On the other hand, in the recent field of aerial physical interaction, the goal is to go beyond sensing-only applications and fully exploit the aerial robots capabilities in order to interact with the environment. With the aim of achieving this goal, this thesis considers the analysis of a particular class of aerial robots interacting with the environment: tethered aerial vehicles. This work focuses on the thorough formal analysis of tethered aerial vehicles ranging from control and state estimation to motion planning. In particular, the differential flatness property of the system is investigated, finding two possible flat outputs that reveal new capabilities of such system for the physical interaction. The theoretical results were finally employed to solve the challenging problem of landing and takeoff on/from a sloped surface. In addition, moved by the interest on aerial physical interaction from A to Z, we addressed supplementary problems related to the design, control and motion planning for aerial manipulators.

Les dommages oxydatifs de l’ADN sont impliqués dans les processus pathologiques que sont le cancer, les maladies neurodégénératives ou le vieillissement. Ces dommages résultent en partie de l’action des espèces réactives de l’oxygène (ERO), qui proviennent du métabolisme cellulaire ou d’agents exogènes (physiques ou chimiques), et qui conduisent à différents types de lésions parmi lesquelles l’oxydation des bases de l’ADN (8-oxoguanine, 8-oxoG) ou la formation de sites abasiques AP (apurique/apyrimidique). Ces lésions, qui si elles ne sont pas éliminées conduisent à des processus de mutagenèse ou de mort cellulaire, sont prises en charge spécifiquement par le système de réparation de l’ADN par excision de base ou BER. Le BER est initié par l’action d’une ADN glycosylase, telles que la 8-oxoG-ADN glycosylase (Ogg1) chargée d’éliminer la 8-oxoG, une lésion très abondante. Une étude par « double-hybride » initiatrice de ce projet a révélé l’existence d’une interaction in vivo chez S. cerevisiae entre la protéine yOgg1 et la sous-unité catalytique de l’ADN polymérase réplicative Polε (yPol2), également impliquée dans la voie BER chez la levure. Nos travaux démontrent que yOgg1 et yPol2 interagissent bien physiquement entre elles et de façon spécifique. Une étude par troncations et mutagenèse dirigée nous a permis d’identifier le domaine 3’→5’ exonucléase de yPol2 comme faisant partie de la forme tronquée minimale de yPol2 capable d’interagir avec yOgg1. La poche du site actif de yOgg1 et/ou son voisinage immédiat pourrait contenir pour partie le site d’interaction pour yPol2. Nous observons d’ailleurs une corrélation nette entre l’activité de yOgg1 et sa capacité à interagir avec yPol2 dans la levure. De même, l’activité 3’→5’ exonucléase de yPol2 pourrait être liée à son interaction avec yOgg1. D’un point de vue fonctionnel, yPol2 stimulerait l’activité AP lyase de yOgg1 et le couplage entre l’activité ADN glycosylase et AP lyase de l’enzyme, permettant ainsi une meilleure coordination de l’étape d’excision du nucléoside endommagé et l’étape de resynthèse de l’ADN dans la voie BER. / Oxidative DNA damages are involved in pathological processes such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and aging. Part of these damages results from the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced by cellular metabolism or (physical or chemical) exogenous agents. They lead to different types of DNA lesions including DNA base oxidation (8-oxoguanine, 8-oxoG) and abasic site formation (AP, apuric/apyrimidic). If not removed, these lesions lead to mutagenesis or cell death. Most of base lesions are dealt specifically by the base excision repair (BER) pathway. BER is initiated by a DNA glycosylase, such as 8-oxoG-DNA glycosylase (Ogg1) which is responsible for the removal of 8-oxoG. In previous unpublished work, a yeast two-hybrid study revealed the existence in S. cerevisiae of an interaction between yOgg1 and the catalytic subunit of the replicative DNA polymerase Polε (yPol2), also involved in the BER pathway in eukaryotes. Our work shows that yOgg1 and yPol2 physically and specifically interact with each other. Truncation and site-directed mutagenesis studies allowed us to identify the 3 ' → 5' exonuclease activity domain of yPol2 as part of the minimal form of yPol2 still able to interact with yOgg1. The active site of yOgg1 and/or its immediate vicinity may contain part of its interaction domain with yPol2. Besides, we observe a clear correlation between yOgg1 catalytic activity and its ability to interact with yPol2 in vivo. Similarly, the 3'→5' exonuclease activity of yPol2 could be useful to its interaction with yOgg1. From a functional point of view, yPol2 stimulates in vitro the AP lyase activity of yOgg1 and the coupling of both DNA glycosylase and AP lyase enzyme activity. The interaction yOgg1/yPol2 could allow a better coordination of damaged nucleoside excision and DNA re-synthesis steps in BER.

Vi människor lever idag i ett samhälle där kraven från vår omgivning ökat markant, särskilt vad gäller komplexa produkter. Allt eftersom digitaliseringen och i sin tur digitala produkter utvecklas, ökar även kraven som ställs på̊ användaren i interaktionen. Detta medför en ökad mental ansträngning, också kallad kognitiv belastning, för användaren. Hemmet, vilket bör anses vara en kognitiv frizon, har nu blivit en plats för konstant interaktion och uppkoppling till sin omgivning. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka huruvida det går att designa produkter där den kognitiva belastningen vid användning är minimal. Detta med mål att utforma en produktserie vardagsprodukter där den kognitiva belastningen har reducerats. Studien ämnar att besvara nedan frågeställningar:Hur kan man genom produktdesign minska den kognitiva belastningen i hemmet?Vilken är den önskvärda interaktionen med kognitivt belastande fysiska vardagsprodukter?Studien grundar sig i viktig teori som avser kognitiv belastning, intuitiv design och användning, användarcentrerad design, affordance-teori såväl som fysisk interaktion. För att identifiera särskilt kognitivt belastande produkter bygger studien både på kvantitativ såväl som kvalitativ metod.Studien inleddes med en förstudie i form av en enkät för att få en överblick av problematiseringen. Detta följt av den kvalitativa undersökningen som utgör huvuddelen av studien. Detta i form av gruppintervjuer, workshop, probes och användartester. Det teoretiska ramverket tillsammans med genomförd metod resulterade sedan i en funktionsanalys och kravspecifikation. Tre produkter valdes ut som högt kognitivt belastande i hemmet. Dessa var; högtalare, dörrhandtag- och lås, samt fjärrkontroll. Studien resulterade i en produktserie av dessa produkter benämnd ”Mono”, som fick symbolisera utformningen av ett nytt fysiskt användargränssnitt. Studien visar på att det genom användarcentrerad design går att skapa kognitivt reducerande produkter, särskilt vad gäller att ta sig an ett samtida problemområde som kognitiv belastning, vilket produktserien ”Mono” lyckas med.Nyckelord: Kognitiv belastning, CLT, Kognitiv reducering, Intuitiv Design, Intuitiv användning, Användarcentrerad design, Affordance, Fysisk interaktion / Humans today live in a society where the demands from our surroundings have increased significantly, especially concerning complex products. As the digitalization increases and digital products develop, the demands on the user also enhance. The home environment, which is supposed to be every person's cognitive free zone has now become a place for continual interaction and constant availability to its surroundings. This causes an increased mental effort, also called cognitive load, for the user. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether it is possible to design products where the cognitive load is minimum when used. The study intents to design a product series of everyday products where the cognitive load has been reduced. The study aims to answer this following questions:How can the cognitive load in the home environment be reduced through product design?What is the desirable interaction with physical products that have a high cognitive load?The study is based on theories concerning cognitive load, intuitive design, and use, user-centered design, affordance theory as well as tangible interaction. To identify products with a high cognitive load, the study was based on both quantitative as well as qualitative methods.The study began with a quantitative survey whose purpose was to create an overview of the problem. The survey was followed by the qualitative method, which forms the main part of the study. The qualitative method included group interviews, workshops, probes, and user tests. The theoretical framework together with the completed method then resulted in a function analysis and a design specification. Three products were selected due to their high cognitive load. These three products were; a speaker, a door handle and lock, and remote control. The entire study resulted in a product series of these products named “Mono”. Mono symbolizes the design of a new physical user interface. The study shows that it is possible to create cognitively reduced products through user-centered design. Especially when it comes to addressing a contemporary problem such as cognitive load, which the product series “Mono” succeeds with.Keywords: Cognitive Load, CLT, Cognitive Reduction, Intuitive Design, Intuitive Use, User-Centered 3 Design, Affordance, Physical Interaction