Esta tese tem a preocupação de examinar as diferenças e similaridades entre as Novelas amorosas y ejemplares (1637) e sua segunda parte, Desengaños amorosos (1647). Também busca elucidar a conexão entre os inflamados discursos que denunciam os constructos culturais que sustentam a superioridade do homem e a inferioridade da mulher e o trágico fim das personagens femininas de Desengaños amorosos. Ainda, analisar como se organiza e apresenta a defesa da mulher, traço marcante das coletâneas, que foi discutida pela crítica do século XX a partir das diretrizes do feminismo. Apoiando-se nos tratados de arte poética vigentes no século XVII, nos tratados de conduta, nas doutrinas filosóficas, políticas e religiosas que norteavam as práticas sociais e as artes do período, esta pesquisa mostra os aspectos que distinguem e, concomitantemente, unem as duas coletâneas. Com este suporte, distingue a função dos discursos de moldura e dos contos, assinalando sua coerência. Além disso, demonstra que a defesa da mulher se expressa por meio do elogio à virtude e o vitupério dos vícios, de acordo com os padrões éticos e religiosos da Contra Reforma, mas também em consonância com as reivindicações das mulheres da Espanha seiscentista. Mediante a análise da moldura e de dois contos de cada coletânea, a tese faz notar a complexa organização estrutural da obra ao indicar como o significado de cada conto se enriquece quando perfilado aos demais de sua coletânea e, sucessivamente, quando se somam Novelas e Desengaños. Tal disposição revela que a obra de Zayas segue um projeto de unidade. Seu cuidadoso planejamento e diligente execução tornam patente que a escritora compete com a invenção de seus contemporâneos, com vistas a granjear a autorização da escrita feminina e o consecutivo ingresso da mulher no círculo dos autores profissionais. Confirmando as freqüentes denúncias de Zayas sobre a depreciação da mulher nas belas letras da primeira metade do século XVII, a tese propõe que a contista faz de sua obra uma réplica ao difundido modelo das pícaras, celestinas e cortesãs. Conseqüentemente, ao representar mulheres que são exemplo de virtude e homens que são motivo de desengano, por causa de seus vícios, a engenhosa autora inverte os paradigmas e incita o leitor a rejeitar a generalizada difamação da mulher, apresentando-lhe persuasivas razões para respeitá-la e dignificá-la. / This paper focuses on the examination of the differences and similarities existing in Novelas amorosas y ejemplares (1637) and its second part, Desengaños amorosos (1647). It also tries to illuminate the connection between the heated arguments that denounce the cultural conventions supporting mans superiority, womans inferiority, and the tragic end of the female characters in Desengaños amorosos. Moreover, it analyzes how the defense of the woman is organized and presented, such defense is a remarkable trait of the collections of writings that had been discussed by the 20th. Century critics, bearing in mind the feminist conductress. Supported on the treatises about ars poetica present in the 17th. Century, on the treatises about behavior, on the philosophical, political and religious doctrines that guided the social practices and the arts of such period, this research shows the aspects that distinguish and, at the same time, join both collections. With this support, it highlights the function of the frame speeches and tales, emphasizing its coherence. Besides, it shows that the defense of the woman is expressed by means of praise to virtue and invective against vices, according to the ethical and religious patterns of the Counter-Reformation, but also relating to the 17th. Century Spanish womens demands. By means of the analysis of the frame and of two short novels of each collection, this paper brings to mind the complex structural organization of the work, while showing how the meaning of each short tale is enriched when it is placed alongside the other stories of its collection and successively, when Novelas and Desengaños are added to. Such organization reveals that the works by Zayas follow a project of unit. Her careful planning and attentive execution makes it clear that the writer competes against the invention of her contemporaries, aiming to receive the authorization of the womens writing and the consequent admission of the woman in the circle of professional authors. Confirming Zayas frequent accusation against womens detraction in the belles-lettres of the 17th. Century first half, the thesis proposes that the short-story writer makes up her own work as a response to the widespread model of female picaroons, celestinas (panderesses) and courtesans. As a consequence, when representing women who are examples of virtue and men who are a reason for disillusion because of their faults, the ingenious writer inverts the paradigms and encourages the reader to reject the generalized slander against women, presenting persuasive reasons for respecting and dignifying them.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo contextualizar a novela exemplar \"Rinconete y Cortadillo\" no conjunto da obra de Miguel de Cervantes, bem como analisá-la estabelecendo o diálogo com alguns gêneros literários de sua época, como a picaresca e o teatro. Será examinada a trajetória do texto desde sua menção no Dom Quixote de 1605 até a sua publicação entre as Novelas Exemplares em 1613. Serão estudados os diversos discursos presentes na composição da obra, considerada a grande aproximação de Cervantes à literatura picaresca. Ao incorporar elementos do gênero dramático à narrativa, o autor realiza, com comicidade, uma interessante aproximação aos temas cotidianos, assim como a comédia o fazia. Será possível observar como \"Rinconete y Cortadillo\" expõe, de maneira cômica e satírica, algumas máculas e vícios da sociedade sevilhana dos séculos XVI e XVII. / The objective of this work is to contextualize Rinconete y Cortadillo exemplary novel within the works of Miguel de Cervantes and analyze it by establishing a dialogue with some of the literary genres of its time, namely the picaresque novel and drama. This current dissertation examines how the text evolves since it was first mentioned in Don Quixote (1605) until its publication among the Exemplary Novels in 1613. I will analyze the several forms of speech pervading the novel in light of Cervantes propinquity to the picaresque literature .By incorporating into the narrative drama-related elements, the author brings his work to deal more closely with everyday topics, as comedy has been used to. Thereby one can notice how Rinconete y Cortadillo displays, both comically and satirically, certain vices and blemishes present in the 16th- and 17thcentury Sevillan society.

La chanson d'Yde et Olive, an early fourteenth-century epic poem from the Picard region, exemplifies the medieval custom of text renewal that seeks to adapt pagan materials to fit Christian doctrine. Largely based on the plot of the Ovidian fable Iphis and Ianthe from The Metamorphoses, its main character Yde undergoes a metaphorical transformation from a woman into a man. Moreover, much like the Ovide moralisé, a Christianized adaptation of the Latin original, Yde et Olive's message can be understood as a Christian parable for the purging of the sinful soul. To set up the poem's didactic message, the poet carefully infuses the story with contemporary social concerns, such as the theme of incest and gender disruption, both potentially offensive forces to the medieval social structure. In the backdrop of these threats to society, the heroine's overcoming of her struggles becomes all the more meaningful, leading to a clear moral message to the reader. While being a hybrid in genre and structure, the poem shows many borrowings from Christian hagiography, especially from the later, more romance-influenced versions of the Vitae of female transvestite saints. In these narratives, the heroine's spiritual development is typically portrayed in terms of "becoming male," which can also be understood as an erasure of sexual difference to approach God in a Neoplatonic sense. Moreover, the development of Yde's own hybrid state leading to the climax of revealing her new sex exemplifies medieval literary criticism, elaborating on the central theme of uncovering truth by exposing the hidden gem beneath the rough surface.

Orientador: Guacira Marcondes Machado Leite / Banca: Maria Augusta da Costa Vieira / Banca: Maria Célia de Moraes Leonel / Resumo: Este trabalho concentra-se em levantar as possíveis características que possam ligar o romance de Manuel Antônio de Almeida, Memórias de um sargento de milícias, ao realismo literário dos séculos anteriores ao XIX, mais especificamente à literatura realista francesa do século XVIII. Pretende-se demonstrar que Memórias não possui traços consistentes que nos permitam ligá-lo ao romantismo ou ao realismo literário brasileiros, posição comumente adotada pela crítica em geral, mas apresenta afinidades significantes com um tipo de literatura popular que, anteriormente ao século XIX, desde sempre floresceu às margens da dita literatura oficial. Para isso, levantamos as particularidades desse realismo, tomando como base uma breve análise de um romance realista francês do século XVIII (Histoire de Gil Blas de Santillane, de Lesage) para que mais claramente pudéssemos observar as características dessa literatura. Após levantar essas características, procuramos analisar Memórias à luz de todo o estudo que fizemos sobre o realismo, para demonstrarmos que o romance de Manuel Antônio de Almeida poderia ser colocado nesse filão da literatura popular de todos os tempos. Levamos em conta também a possível aproximação de Memórias com a literatura picaresca, gênero originalmente espanhol, tendo em vista que a picaresca é uma das vertentes desse realismo no qual concentramos nossos estudos / Résumé: Ce travail a l'intention de faire une étude des caractéristiques qui peuvent lier le roman de Manuel Antônio de Almeida, Memórias de um sargento de milícias, au réalisme littéraire des siècles antérieurs au dix-neuvième, plus précisement à la littérature réaliste française du dix-huitième siècle. On a l'intention de montrer que Memórias de um sargento de milícias n'a pas d' éléments consistants qui nous permettent de le lier au romantisme ou au réalisme littéraires brésiliens, position prise d'habitude par la critique en général. Au contraire, ce roman présente des affinités avec un type de littérature populaire qui, avant le dix-neuvième siècle, a toujours eu sa place à côté de la littérature officielle. C'est pourquoi on a relevé les particularités de ce réalisme à travers l'analyse rapide d'un roman français du dix-huitième siècle - Histoire de Gil Blas de Santillane, de Lesage - pour qu'on puisse observer plus nettement les caractéristiques de cette littérature. Après cette relève, on a analysé les Memórias à la lumière de cette étude, pour montrer que le roman de Manuel Antônio de Almeida peut être placé dans les rangs d'une littérature populaire de tous les temps. On a tenu compte aussi de la liaison possible entre Memórias de um sargento de milícias et la littérature picaresque, genre d'origine espagnole, vu que la picaresque est une des modalités de ce réalisme dans lequel on concentre nos études / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:30:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ea_me_arafcl.pdf: 609888 bytes, checksum: 4cb4b26e8c620964329d9ec0c701adbf (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Ce travail a l'intention de faire une étude des caractéristiques qui peuvent lier le roman de Manuel Antônio de Almeida, Memórias de um sargento de milícias, au réalisme littéraire des siècles antérieurs au dix-neuvième, plus précisement à la littérature réaliste française du dix-huitième siècle. On a l’intention de montrer que Memórias de um sargento de milícias n'a pas d’ éléments consistants qui nous permettent de le lier au romantisme ou au réalisme littéraires brésiliens, position prise d’habitude par la critique en général. Au contraire, ce roman présente des affinités avec un type de littérature populaire qui, avant le dix-neuvième siècle, a toujours eu sa place à côté de la littérature officielle. C'est pourquoi on a relevé les particularités de ce réalisme à travers l’analyse rapide d'un roman français du dix-huitième siècle - Histoire de Gil Blas de Santillane, de Lesage - pour qu’on puisse observer plus nettement les caractéristiques de cette littérature. Après cette relève, on a analysé les Memórias à la lumière de cette étude, pour montrer que le roman de Manuel Antônio de Almeida peut être placé dans les rangs d’une littérature populaire de tous les temps. On a tenu compte aussi de la liaison possible entre Memórias de um sargento de milícias et la littérature picaresque, genre d'origine espagnole, vu que la picaresque est une des modalités de ce réalisme dans lequel on concentre nos études / Este trabalho concentra-se em levantar as possíveis características que possam ligar o romance de Manuel Antônio de Almeida, Memórias de um sargento de milícias, ao realismo literário dos séculos anteriores ao XIX, mais especificamente à literatura realista francesa do século XVIII. Pretende-se demonstrar que Memórias não possui traços consistentes que nos permitam ligá-lo ao romantismo ou ao realismo literário brasileiros, posição comumente adotada pela crítica em geral, mas apresenta afinidades significantes com um tipo de literatura popular que, anteriormente ao século XIX, desde sempre floresceu às margens da dita literatura oficial. Para isso, levantamos as particularidades desse realismo, tomando como base uma breve análise de um romance realista francês do século XVIII (Histoire de Gil Blas de Santillane, de Lesage) para que mais claramente pudéssemos observar as características dessa literatura. Após levantar essas características, procuramos analisar Memórias à luz de todo o estudo que fizemos sobre o realismo, para demonstrarmos que o romance de Manuel Antônio de Almeida poderia ser colocado nesse filão da literatura popular de todos os tempos. Levamos em conta também a possível aproximação de Memórias com a literatura picaresca, gênero originalmente espanhol, tendo em vista que a picaresca é uma das vertentes desse realismo no qual concentramos nossos estudos

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo contextualizar a novela exemplar \"Rinconete y Cortadillo\" no conjunto da obra de Miguel de Cervantes, bem como analisá-la estabelecendo o diálogo com alguns gêneros literários de sua época, como a picaresca e o teatro. Será examinada a trajetória do texto desde sua menção no Dom Quixote de 1605 até a sua publicação entre as Novelas Exemplares em 1613. Serão estudados os diversos discursos presentes na composição da obra, considerada a grande aproximação de Cervantes à literatura picaresca. Ao incorporar elementos do gênero dramático à narrativa, o autor realiza, com comicidade, uma interessante aproximação aos temas cotidianos, assim como a comédia o fazia. Será possível observar como \"Rinconete y Cortadillo\" expõe, de maneira cômica e satírica, algumas máculas e vícios da sociedade sevilhana dos séculos XVI e XVII. / The objective of this work is to contextualize Rinconete y Cortadillo exemplary novel within the works of Miguel de Cervantes and analyze it by establishing a dialogue with some of the literary genres of its time, namely the picaresque novel and drama. This current dissertation examines how the text evolves since it was first mentioned in Don Quixote (1605) until its publication among the Exemplary Novels in 1613. I will analyze the several forms of speech pervading the novel in light of Cervantes propinquity to the picaresque literature .By incorporating into the narrative drama-related elements, the author brings his work to deal more closely with everyday topics, as comedy has been used to. Thereby one can notice how Rinconete y Cortadillo displays, both comically and satirically, certain vices and blemishes present in the 16th- and 17thcentury Sevillan society.

To the modern critic, La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes y de sus aventuras y adversidades poses many problems. One cannot arrive at the book's precise meaning because the author remains unknown. If critics were to know who wrote the book, they would identify similarities between the book and the author's life to approximate the book's moral, or its lack of one. Additionally, some commentators view the book as incomplete or unfinished; although the author developed the first three tratados, the final four tratados seem short and incomplete. Does this diminish the book's purpose? Can the readers still fruitfully discover the book's meaning in an "incomplete" story? Modern critics have utilized the book's artistic elements, such as its linguistic structure, themes and temporal structure, to arrive at an interpretation of it. Others have compared the book with classical European folklore and other period literary works. This thesis proposes a synthesis of the latter two approaches. This thesis will analyze, using irony and foreshadowing, how the seven tratados correlate or fail to correlate with the seven deadly sins.

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The focus of this study is to investigate what images of Sweden are transmitted in the novel The road to Ithaca (1994), by the Uruguayan author Carlos Liscano. The study focuses on the first half part of the novel for this taking place in Stockholm, Sweden, in the early nineties. The aim is to investigate by what literary strategies and literary subgenres the images of Sweden are transmitted.    The theoretical framework applied derives from studies of the literary genre of the picaresque novel and its bufonesco mood, such as the literary strategies irony and laconism. For the analysis Mieke Bal´s concept of focalization and semantic axes are used.      The study shows that in Sweden there are parallel worlds to the official world of the welfare state; in the shadow side of society there are the metecos, unwanted residents: the undocumented and the mentally ill. Through a picaresque and ironic style, the author shows that Sweden is a neat, clean, but culturally hermetic society; almost perfect on the surface, but with a lot of hidden “trash” beneath.    The welfare state of Sweden seams benevolent in its integrative intention, but is, at the same time, blind, or even worse, disinterested in the new reality of the country; that of the welfare state in dissolution and Sweden as a Tower of Babel.

Cette étude cherche à mettre en lumière un moment décisif dans l’élaboration du genre picaresque espagnol, à travers l’écriture du corps malade et la réflexion anthropologique sur le modèle masculin du gueux colérique. Notre corpus se compose de cinq textes : les deux parties de Guzmán de Alfarache de Mateo Alemán, la suite apocryphe de Mateo Luján de Sayavedra, El Guitón Onofre de Gregorio González et El Buscón de Francisco de Quevedo. Il s’agira de montrer la nouveauté du regard alémanien sur le corps : le gueux de l’autobiographie fictive évoque de nombreuses pathologies spécifiques dans une double dimension descriptive et introspective, littérale et morale. L’écriture médicale fait des émules et les auteurs suivants, quoiqu’ils s’inscrivent en rupture avec la dimension morale de la démonstration alémanienne, s’évertuent à reproduire l’imaginaire médical construit autour de l’anthropologie masculine du colérique. La cohérence de ce système fondé sur la pensée humorale et la notion de microcosme, s’organise autour d’une représentation plus complexe de l’homme dans l’univers : par son tempérament, l’homme subit physiologiquement et psychologiquement des influences astrales et cosmiques. Francisco de Quevedo qui annule toute dimension psychologique dans son récit, remet en question le fondement de l’écriture nosologique à laquelle il adhère par ailleurs. Nous avançons l’idée que l’adhésion à l’imaginaire médical alémanien est paradoxalement le moyen par lequel les auteurs de récits picaresques de première génération font imploser le modèle de l’écriture morale de leur prédécesseur, condamnant le reste de la production à évoluer vers une littérature de divertissement. / The purpose of this thesis is to shed light on a decisive moment in the development of the Spanish picaresque genre, through the writing about the sick body and anthropological reflection on the masculine model of the angry picaro. Our corpus consists of five texts: the two parts of Guzmán Alfarache by Mateo Alemán, the apocryphal second part by Mateo Luján de Sayavedra, El Guitón Onofre by Gregorio González and El Buscón by Francisco de Quevedo. It demonstrates the new approach of the body proposed by Mateo Alemán: the picaro of the fictional autobiography mentiones many specific diseases in a descriptive and introspective, literal and moral, double dimension. The medical writing is emulated and although the following authors depart from the moral dimension of Mateo Alemán’s demonstration, they strive to reproduce the medical imaginary built around the male anthropology of the angry. The coherence of this system based on the humoralthought and the concept of microcosm, is organized around a more complex representation of man in the universe: by his temperament, the man undergoes physiologically and psychologically astral and cosmic influences. Francisco de Quevedo, negating any psychological dimension in his narrative, calls into question the basis of nosological writing to which he adheres elsewhere. We put forward the idea that joining the medical imaginary proposed by Mateo Alemán is paradoxically the means by which the authors of picaresque first generation narratives are imploding the model of moral writing of their predecessor, condemning the rest of the production to evolve into entertainment literature.