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No. of bitstreams: 1 Viviane Monteiro _revisão final_2.pdf: 1249154 bytes, checksum: 00e557d8c4674796cc5f2e0d584a796f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 / Last year, was watched more scandals evolving a technology giant accused to apply a dishonest practice called Planned Obsolescence, which, according to some consumer’s protection organization would raise its company profits and breach consumer’s rights. Countries as the U.S, Italy and France are fighting against its practice and other reason to its battle is the reduction of electronic waste. But regarding to purchase decision would any company have power enough to make someone buy their product, in this case mobile device, just slowing down its performance? To assess consumer behavior and purchase decision a survey with 358 Brazilians was conducted for four weeks. The main goal was to understand which cognitive biases can drive consumer to perceive planned obsolescence and if its planned obsolescence is a fundamental factor for purchase decision. The participants were divided into control group and treatment group. The control group receives a survey with generic questions and the treatment group received questions that suggested cognitive bias influences as Optimism bias, Present bias and Bandwagon effect. The results of this study show no significant impact related to the planned obsolescence in the classical conception (what has been disclosed by the media in last years) primarily with individuals between 40-60 years, but show a significant impact regarding to perceived psychological obsolescence with individuals younger than 40 years. The actual Brazilian economic scenario can explain the conservative behavior in the older age group. On the other hand, the need of acceptance and feeling of belonging which is one of some characteristics of bandwagon effect phenomena drive the behavior of the younger age group. / No ano passado, foram assistidos escândalos envolvendo uma das maiores empresas do segmento de tecnologia, acusada de aplicar uma prática chamada obsolescência planejada, que, de acordo com organizações de proteção aos consumidores, aumentaria os lucros da empresa e violaria os direitos dos consumidores. Países como os EUA, Itália e França estão lutando contra esta prática por motivos econômicos e de proteção ao meio ambiente. Porém, em relação à decisão de compra, qualquer empresa teria poder suficiente para fazer alguém comprar seu produto, neste caso, um aparelho de telefonia celular, apenas retardando seu desempenho? Para avaliar o comportamento do consumidor e a decisão de compra, uma pesquisa com 358 brasileiros foi realizada durante quatro semanas. O objetivo principal era entender quais vieses cognitivos podem levar o consumidor a perceber a obsolescência planejada e se a obsolescência planejada é um fator fundamental para a decisão de compra. Os participantes foram divididos em grupo controle e grupo tratamento. O grupo de controle recebe uma pesquisa com perguntas genéricas e o grupo de tratamento recebeu perguntas que sugeriram influências de vieses cognitivos como viés de Otimismo, viés de Presente e efeito de Manada. Os resultados deste estudo não mostram nenhum impacto significativo relacionado à obsolescência planejada na concepção clássica (o que foi divulgado pela mídia nos últimos anos), principalmente, com indivíduos entre 40-60 anos, mas mostram um impacto significativo em relação à obsolescência psicológica percebida com indivíduos com menos de 40 anos. O atual cenário econômico brasileiro pode explicar o comportamento conservador na faixa etária mais avançada. Por outro lado, a necessidade de aceitação e o sentimento de pertencimento, que são das características dos fenômenos do efeito manada, impulsionam o comportamento do grupo etário mais jovem.

The core question in this master thesis is: What happens to the essence of an object when it becomes out of date and is no longer in use? I am addressing the sense of dignity in once meticulously designed technical/mechanical items that now has become obsolete. The intention has been to investigate how to give new meaning to obsolete items and find new eligibility for their existence.  The investigation was conducted through the development of a method: collection, analysis, deconstruction, investigation and resurrection of a number of O.T.M.I. (Obsolete Technical Mechanical Items).   The resurrection process consisted of the (re-)writing of the objects’ narratives. These stories along with the objects’ parts, spaces and sounds created a frame for a scenography, a soundtrack and characters to act in a film to tell the story. As interior designers we have the opportunity to transform space and fill it with stories. Imagination is an important tool: We benefit from having the ability to imagine, for instance, how different surfaces will reflect sound and light. Our imagination is highly visual. So I have transformed my imaginary world of Obsolete Technical Mechanical Items to visual and audial elements that support the content and values of a story through researching the objects, finding how to clarify and support the story. The Re-Story.

Loin d’être des produits immatériels, les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) ont un réel impact environnemental tout au long de leur cycle de vie. L’Éco-TIC est le point de rencontre entre le développement durable et les TIC. Le droit de l'Éco-TIC est l’ensemble des règles de droit régissant les rapports entre les technologies de l’information et le domaine environnemental. Ce mémoire a pour objectif d’examiner les normes juridiques, notamment en Europe et en Amérique du Nord, qui permettent de limiter l’impact environnemental des technologies de l’information lors des trois phases du cycle de vie des TIC. Tout d’abord, nous nous penchons sur l’étape de la conception des TIC. À cette étape, les réglementations en matière d’écoconception, l’utilisation des terres rares et l’interdiction de l’obsolescence programmée sont particulièrement pertinentes. Ensuite, nous examinons comment les entreprises tentent de réduire la consommation énergétique des TIC lors de la phase d’utilisation, notamment par le biais de la responsabilité sociétale de l’entreprise (RSE). Nous verrons également que les centres de données se multiplient afin de répondre à une demande toujours plus forte. Enfin, nous traitons de la fin de vie des TIC, phase pour laquelle l’Union européenne a créé des directives en matière de réutilisation, réduction et recyclage qui influent sur le plan international. / Information and communication technologies (ICT) are far from being intangible goods and do have an environmental impact during their entire life cycle. Green IT stands at the crossroads of sustainable development and ICT. Green IT law consists of a set of rules governing the relations between information technologies and environment. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the European and North American legal standards regulating the environment impacts of ICT throughout the three phases of their life cycle. In the first part, the design phase of ICT is examined. At this stage, existing regulations on eco-design, the use of rare earth elements, and the interdiction of planned obsolescence are of particular relevance. The thesis then studies how companies are trying to reduce the use-phase energy consumption of ICT, notably through the Corporate Social Responsability. The issue of the multiplication of data centres, due to an ever-growing demand, is also discussed. In the end, the thesis considers the end-of-life phase of ICT and the directives created by the European Union that affect recycling and waste reduction management at an international level.

This study endeavors to investigate the negative environmental impacts of the prevailing ICT design approaches and to explore some potential remedies for ICT design unsustainability from environmental and corporate sustainability perspectives. More specifically, it aims to spotlight key environmental issues related to ICT design, including resource depletion; GHG emissions resulting from energy-intensive consumption; toxic waste disposal; and hazardous chemicals use; and also to shed light on how alternative design solutions can be devised based on environmental sustainability principles to achieve the goals of sustainable technologies. The study highlights the relationship between ICT design and sustainability and how they can symbiotically affect one another. To achieve the aim of this study, an examination was performed through an extensive literature review covering empirical, theoretical, and critical scholarship. The study draws on a variety of sources to survey the negative environmental impacts of the current mainstream ICT design approach and review the potential remedies for unsustainability of ICT design. For theory, central themes were selected for review given the synergy and integration between them as to the topic under investigation. They include: design issues; design science; design research framework for ICT; sustainability; corporate sustainability; and design and sustainability. Findings highlight the unsustainability of the current mainstream ICT design approach. Key environmental issues for consideration include: resource depletion through extracting huge amounts of material and scarce elements; energy-intensive consumption and GHG emissions, especially from ICT use phase; toxic waste disposal; and hazardous substances use. Potential remedies for ICT design unsustainability include dematerialization as an effective strategy to minimize resources depletion, de-carbonization to cut energy consumption through using efficient energy required over life cycle and renewable energy; recyclability through design with life cycle thinking (LCT) and extending ICT equipment’s operational life through reuse; mitigating hazardous chemicals through green design - low or non-noxious/less hazardous products. As to solving data center dilemma, design solutions vary from hardware and software to technological improvements and adjustments. Furthermore, corporate sustainability can be a strategic model for ICT sector to respond to environmental issues, including those associated with unsustainable ICT design. In the same vein, through adopting corporate sustainability, ICT-enabled organizations can rationalize energy usage to reduce GHG emissions, and thereby alleviating global warming. This study provides a novel approach to sustainable ICT design, highlighting unsustainability of its current mainstream practices. Review of the literature makes an advance on extant reviews of the literature by highlighting the symbiotic relationship between ICT design and environmental sustainability from both research and practice perspectives. This study adds to the body of knowledge and previous endeavours in research of ICT and sustainability. Overall, it endeavours to present contributions and avenues for further theoretical and empirical research and development. / +46704352135/+212662815009