Étudier la critique d’art de Joris-Karl Huysmans soulève des enjeux esthétiques, poétiques et idéologiques. Si elle constitue un genre à part entière, que l’auteur a pratiqué en tant que tel, la critique d’art entretient des relations de complémentarité et d’interférence avec le reste de l’œuvre. S’y élabore en effet une esthétique, qui à son tour définit une poétique : parce que le critique est également écrivain, la réflexion qu’il mène au sujet des arts plastiques – peinture, sculpture, architecture – se développe parallèlement à sa pratique d’écriture. Ses options critiques reposent sur une analogie entre les arts, s’inscrivant en cela dans une longue tradition, qui va de l’ut pictura poesis horatien aux correspondances baudelairiennes, en passant par le paragone de la Renaissance. Aussi regarde-t-il l’art en tant qu’écrivain, y cherchant tantôt la confirmation de ses idées sur la littérature, tantôt un modèle d’écriture. Mais parce que la critique engage des valeurs et des convictions, elle se fait aussi la chambre d’écho des options idéologiques de son auteur, aux plans socio-économique, politique et épistémique. Huysmans regarde l’art à travers une idéologie qui se décline en un certain nombre de valeurs et de contre-valeurs : héritier d’un siècle de romantisme, il entretient un rapport douloureux avec son temps, en délicatesse avec la pensée de son époque. Cette idéologie – à la fois anticapitaliste, antibourgeoise et antimoderne – filtre donc le regard qu’il pose sur l’art : elle détermine en partie ses jugements esthétiques, elle les oriente de façon diverse et souvent contradictoire. / In Joris-Karl Huysmans’s art criticism, aesthetics, poetics and ideology are at stake. Though art criticism is a genre in its own right, which the author used as such, it maintains close relations with his other works: they complete one each other as well as they interfere together. In his art criticism, Huysmans develops aesthetics, which define in its turn poetics: because the critic is also a writer, his thinking about visual arts – painting, sculpture, architecture – runs parallel with his writing process/practice. His critical assessments rest upon a comparison between the arts and therefore form part of a tradition which roots in Horace’s maxim ut pictura poesis, crosses the Renaissance period with the paragone and leads to Baudelaire’s correspondances. When watching a painting, Huysmans remains a writer: he’s looking for a confirmation of his ideas about literature or a model for his writing. But because art criticism puts values and beliefs at stake, it echoes the ideological choices of its author, on socio-economic, political and epistemic levels. Huysmans sees the arts through an ideology which comes in various values (et contre-valeurs): heir of a century deeply marked by romanticism, he maintains painful relationships with his time, in trouble with modern ideas. His ideology – against capitalism, bourgeoisie and modernity – filters the way he considers the arts; it partly determines and influences, in various but often opposing ways, his aesthetic judgement.

Teilw. zugl.: Fribourg, Universiẗat, Diss., 2006.

Although Andrew Marvell wrote and published relatively little, his poetry collects from the full range of “schools” and idiosyncratic styles present in the seventeenth century: echoes of Herbert, Donne, Milton, Traherne, Herrick, Lovelace, and Jonson, among others, permeate throughout his work. Although much of his imagery seems novel, if not strange, it is clear that Marvell has a deep engagement with several important long-running traditions. His work is conversation with Ovid, Horace, and Theocritus as much as it responds directly to the poets whose lives overlapped with his own. In his engagement with such varied sources, Marvell demonstrates an astounding degree of poetic flexibility. He is a master of imitating voice and style.

Although Andrew Marvell wrote and published relatively little, his poetry collects from the full range of “schools” and idiosyncratic styles present in the seventeenth century: echoes of Herbert, Donne, Milton, Traherne, Herrick, Lovelace, and Jonson, among others, permeate throughout his work. Although much of his imagery seems novel, if not strange, it is clear that Marvell has a deep engagement with several important long-running traditions. His work is conversation with Ovid, Horace, and Theocritus as much as it responds directly to the poets whose lives overlapped with his own. In his engagement with such varied sources, Marvell demonstrates an astounding degree of poetic flexibility. He is a master of imitating voice and style.

[pt] Recurso pictórico elaborado no século XVIII, a cor local amplia seu escopo original relativo ao campo pictórico e passa a compor e regular a produção textual de escritores, historiadores, literatos e viajantes. Seu emprego em suportes textuais desenvolve e acentua a dimensão visual da narrativa e, portanto, pode ser concebido como uma expressão moderna das antigas associações entre cor e palavra, narrativa e pintura. O objetivo desta tese é, pois, investigar o emprego da cor local em tipos discursivos diversos, notadamente nas obras de José de Alencar e Euclides da Cunha, salientando a dimensão visual implícita ao recurso narrativo. A fim de compreender o investimento narrativo na visualidade, é válido recuperar, a partir da Antiguidade, os modos de ver e fazer ver que comportam topoi como o ut pictura poesis e o ut pictura historia, construções como a sunopsis e a enargeia, além de expedientes como, entre outros, a autópsia e a écfrase. A cor local, eis a hipótese inicial desta tese, incorpora e expressa parte destes modos e recursos e, portanto, é capaz de reproduzir e reelaborar, na época moderna, o anseio visual por meio da narrativa. A pesquisa pelos modos de ver e fazer ver requer, como temáticas relacionadas que perpassam este estudo, a consideração do estatuto e da importância atribuída à visão e ao olhar como elementos cognitivos e comprobatórios, além das relações entre sujeito e objeto na constituição do conhecimento. As produções ficcional de Alencar e factual de Euclides permitem, então, demonstrar tanto a amplitude do recurso narrativo, empregado em tipos discursivos diversos, quanto as variações relacionadas ao seu uso, ou seja, como a delimitação de uma determinada paisagem altera o conteúdo da forma da cor local. / [en] Pictorial device designed in the eighteenth century, the local color has expanded its original scope for the pictorial field and begins to compose the production of historians, writers and travelers. Its use in textual media develops and enhances the visual dimension of the narrative and can be considered as a modern expression of the ancient associations between color and word, narrative and painting. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the use of local color in different discursive types, especially in the works of José de Alencar and Euclides da Cunha, stressing the implicit visual dimension to the narrative device. In order to understand the narrative investment in visuality it is worthed to recover from antiquity the ways of seeing and make see that includes topoi as the ut pictura poesis and ut pictura historia, resources like sunopsis and enargeia, and expedients as, among others, the autopsia and ekphrasis. The initial hypothesis of this thesis is that the local color expresses these modes and features and therefore is able to reproduce and redevelop, in modern times, the visual desire through narrative. The search for ways of seeing and make see requires, as related themes that pervade this study, the consideration of the status and the importance attributed to the vision as a cognitive element and proving, beyond the relations between subject and object in the constitution of knowledge. The fictional writings of Alencar and factual writings of Euclides allow then to demonstrate both the extent of the narrative device, employed in various discursive types, as the variations related to its use, that is how the delimitation of a particular landscape changes the contents of the form of the local color.