Karst landscapes are vulnerable to human influence, especially agricultural practices. The interconnectedness between surface activities and subsurface environments make karst landscapes particularly susceptible to soil erosion and water contamination. The likelihood of these two phenomena happening increases when agricultural intensification, irrigation, or fertilizer application occurs. This situation arises frequently in Vietnam, where 18% of the country is karst terrain and 60% of the population depends on agriculture for their livelihoods (Farming First 2009). In order to mitigate the negative consequences of agriculture on karst landscapes, effective implementation of policy to regulate human activities and increased communication of these policies to appropriate communities is needed. This study occurred in Phong Nha- Kẻ Bàng National Park, Vietnam, a UNESCO World Heritage site dominated by karst landscapes, extensive agricultural communities, and minimal regulation efforts specific to karst terrains. Interviews, observation, and GPS analysis were used to analyze the effectiveness of policy communication and karst protection in PN-KB. The research revealed that karst protection policy in the region is minimally communicated and, when communicated, often delivered in an ineffective manner to the wrong individuals. Despite the known harm agriculture causes to karst landscapes, intensification, irrigation, and the use of fertilizers still occurs frequently and is often supported by government officials in PN-KB. Policy and karst landscape information is concentrated among park officials and rarely presented in an informal setting, leaving those in most frequent contact with the karst landscape—the farmers—without any information about the vulnerability of karst terrain to agricultural activities and the subsequent consequences to human health. Through analyzing the interactions between farmers and management officials in Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park, general conclusions on communicating policies to protect karst terrain in agricultural regions can be drawn. The communication of karst science and the implementation of policy to protect karst landscapes must be presented both formally to governing officials and local representatives, as well as through informal networks to general citizens. Through these means of communication, protection for karst landscapes and their inherent natural resources can successfully be implemented.

Thesis (M.A.)--Carleton University, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 154-160). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

就文學角度而言，「詩經」是古代歌謠之總集；從經學立場來說「詩經」是儒家治平 的寶典。前者偏重其抒情本質，後者則強調其政治意涵。同指一部古籍，或以為喜恕 哀樂之所發，或以為倫理政教之所本，其中似有不能相容之處。推考其實，則事或不 盡然。蓋文學束質中，早已隱含抒情與美刺二元因子之同時並存，爾後彼此之消長起 伏，則隨時世而有所遷移；「詩」自不例外，其與歷史文化發展之因緣，亦有清楚的 脈絡可尋。 從先民節慶祭祀場合的激烈舞踊謳呼，到早期歌謠的吟唱諷誦，顯示一自然演化的趨 勢；此一淵源關係，可以從現存詩篇所殘留之原始樂舞痕跡裡，得到充分說明。 從里巷的文學性歌謠，發展至貴族的政治性詩篇，則有其人為制作之深意在：或於宗 廟祀享之時，為樂工瞽矇所歌奏；或於燕飲酢之餘，為君臣賓主所吟唱；或於應對周 旋之際，為大夫卿士所稱引。要皆藉以為表意之媒介，使用之時機固不盡同，但均不 色帶有濃烈之政治色彩。以此下逮戰國之世，更衍成儒者興觀群怨，事父事君之教； 於時，「詩」之媒介性格又為之丕變。 推「詩」之所以自民間進入貴族，復於此上層社會中呈現種種不同之面貌，一則由於 此一表意媒介本身性格即允許相當之彈性；再則，當時特有之政治及文化背景，亦直 接、間接地促成此一改變。本文的研究，即欲就「詩經」、「左傳」、「國語」及相 關之文獻史料中，探索「詩」從歌謠世界步上政治舞台之過程，並掌握此一媒介在歷 史文化潮流底下所發生的性格演變。

Despite heightened efforts to increase gender parity, organizations in the technology industry are struggling to implement and enact Gender Diversity and Inclusion policies (GDIPs). This purpose of this dissertation was to enhance understandings of obstacles to policy enactment and unearth ways in which organizations can create more equitable work environments. Specifically, this project investigated how members of technology organizations construct knowledge about Gender Diversity and Inclusion policies through their personal experiences, attitudes and beliefs, and interactions with others within and external to their organization. Utilizing a critical-interpretivist and intersectional feminism as ontological and epistemological frameworks, this dissertation study draws from structurating activity theory (SAT; Canary, 2010) and theories of organizational identification (Scott, 2007) to explore issues of policy knowledge construction, implementation, and enactment. Completed in two phases,this dissertation employed a mixed-methods design. Phase One used DeVellis’ (2017) framework to develop a Gender Diversity and Inclusion policy attitude scale (GDIPAS) to evaluate how personal opinions about GDIPs and larger constructs like sexism, feminism, identification, and social desirability contribute to the policy knowledge construction process. Phase Two used a parallel analysis design to quantitatively (i.e., surveys) and qualitatively (i.e., interviews) investigate how members of tech-based organizations construct GDIP knowledge through intra- and extra-organizational interactions, as well as personal beliefs and attitudes (Teddlie & Tashakkori, 2009). Phase One resulted in five-factors underlying Gender Diversity and Inclusion policy attitude: perception of policy abuse, policy familiarity, perception of workforce gender inequity, policy support, and perception of organizational gender diversity. Results from Phase Two indicated that members of technology organizations interact within and across activity systems to construct knowledge about GDIPs through structural contradictions that (re)produce barriers to policy implementation and enactment.This project contributed to organizational communication theory by investigating the role of organizational identification in the policy knowledge construction process. Further, this dissertation extended SAT by identifying two new structural contradictions and a primary system-level contradiction, and by centralizing power in the investigation of policy knowledge construction. Methodologically, this dissertation offers a new policy attitude measure for scholars and practitioners. Finally, results of this project provide practical insights into barriers to policy implementation and enactment.

This paper documents the process of design and adoption of the «National Policy on Modernization of Public Management» between 2011 and 2013. In order to achieve this objective, it will identify the political, institutional and economic constrains and it will analyse the importance of various actor which policymaker had to engage for political legitimacy and formal approval.  This analysis fins that the implementation of a communication strategy produced the political consensus necessary for political approval. / El presente artículo documenta el proceso de diseño y aprobación de la Política Nacional de Modernización de la Gestión Pública entre los años 2011 y 2013. Para ello identifica las restricciones del contexto político, institucional y económico, así como la importancia de los diversos actores que tuvo que involucrar para su legitimación y aprobación. El propósito central del presente artículo es comprender de qué manera la implementación de una estrategia comunicacional facilitó el consenso político para la aprobación de la propuesta de política.