Rinkiminė kampanija yra ypatingai reikšminga politinio proceso dalis, nes tuomet bet kokia kaina stengiamasi parduoti savo “produktą”. Politikos veikėjai, siekdami įgyti rėmėjų, privalo patraukti visuomenę, o tam pasiekti gali būti naudojami skirtingi politikų komunikacijos stiliai. Politikui svarbu pasirinkti tokį komunikacijos stilių, kuris padėtų pasiekti kuo didesnę dalį tikslinės auditorijos ir ją pritraukti. Politiko rinkimų kampanijos stilių ir padeda nustatyti žiniasklaida, kuri įvardina ir įvertina kandidato stilių: įvairias/keletą priemonių naudoja; negatyvią/pozityvią, aktualią/neaktualią žinią nori perduoti; daug/nedaug, mielai/vengdamas bendrauja su žmonėmis ir pan. Tyrimo objektas – D. Cameron ir G. Brown rinkimų kampanija, tyrimo dalykas – D. Cameron ir G. Brown komunikacijos stiliaus formavimas rinkiminės kampanijos metu. Šio darbo tikslas – išsiaiškinti D. Cameron ir G. Brown rinkiminės kampanijos komunikacijos stiliaus bruožus. Iškeliamos dvi pagrindinės hipotezės: H1:D. Cameron, būdamas opozicinės partijos lyderis, rinkimų kampanijoje naudoja negatyvią informaciją, nukreipta prieš G. Brown vyriausybę; H2: G. Brown, būdamas pozicijos premjeras, remiasi pozityvia taktika, tikėdamasis dar penkerių metu. Tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad Cameron rinkiminė kampanija buvo kuriama nuosekliai, siekiant sukurti modernios partijos lyderio įvaizdį, tačiau nepavyko visiškai atsiriboti nuo M. Thatcher ir jos sukurto partijos prekės ženklo. Rinkiminės kampanijos šūkiai buvo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Election campaign is extremely significant part of political process, when politicians are trying to sell their ‘product’ at any price. They must attract support from the public and in order to achieve it, they can use different types of political communications. It is important to choose the right style, the one that could reach the biggest amount of aimed public and help to gain their support. Media identifies and judges the style of election campaign of candidate: how many/ few tools are being used; what sort of message is desired to be sent- negative/positive, relevant/irrelevant; how he/she communicates with public, a lot/ little, pleasantly or tries to avoid a contact. Object of the assay- D. Cameron and G. Brown general election campaign, subject- a formation of communication style of D. Cameron and G. Brown during the campaign. The aim of this work- to elucidate the features of communication style of D. Cameron and also G. Brown‘s election campaign. There are main two hypotheses that will be tested: H1: D. Cameron, the leader of opposition, is using a negative information against G. Brown and his government during his election campaign; H2: G. Brown as a prime minister is using a positive tactic and expects to win elections again. The investigation shows that Cameron election campaign has been established gradually, in order to create a modern image of the leader of party, but failed to distance from M. Thatcher and her established brand. Electoral campaign... [to full text]

Magistrinio darbo objektas – manipuliacijos metodai. Darbo tikslas – identifikuoti ir aprašyti manipuliacijos metodų naudojimą televizijos debatuose, skirtuose 2009 metų Lietuvos Respublikos prezidento rinkimams. Darbo uždaviniai: • išanalizuoti, susisteminti ir aprašyti įvairių autorių išskirtus manipuliacijos metodus, suformuluoti jų apibrėžimus, išskirti indikacijas ir pateikti pavyzdžius; • identifikuoti manipuliacijos metodus, kuriuos panaudojo kandidatai į prezidentus, Lietuvos Respublikos prezidento rinkimams 2009 skirtose televizijos debatų laidose, apibendrinti ir pateikti jų naudojimo tendencijas. Išanalizavus įvairių autorių apibrėžimus apie manipuliaciją, galima teigti, kad manipuliacija naudojama kaip psichologinio poveikio priemonė, siekiant atimti iš žmogaus galimybę savarankiškai priimti sprendimą. Išnagrinėjus įvairių autorių pateiktus aprašymus apie manipuliacijos metodus, naudojant lyginamąjį metodą, pagal panašius bruožus buvo atrinkti ir sugrupuoti skirtingų autorių aprašymai apie tą patį metodą. Taikant dedukcijos metodą, buvo išskirti kiekvienos manipuliacijos metodų grupės esminiai požymiai ir suformuluoti jų apibrėžimai bei išskirtos indikacijos. Apžvelgus įvairių autorių mintis apie politinę komunikaciją, pateikiamos išvados, kad politinėje komunikacijoje labai svarbią vietą užima rinkimai. Kiekvieni rinkimai tampa nauju politikų ir rinkėjų tarpusavio aiškinimosi aktu, o manipuliacija yra pagrindinė priemonė, naudojama rinkiminėje kovoje. Mūsų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of the MA paper is manipulation methods. The aim is to identify and describe the use of manipulation methods in the TV debates on the Lithuanian presidential election held in 2009. The goals are: • To analyze, systemize and describe manipulation methods distinguished by various authors, give the definitions, distinguish indications and give examples; • To identify and summarize the use of the manipulation methods in the TV debates on the Lithuanian presidential election in 2009 and adduce the tendencies of the methods used. Having analyzed the definitions of manipulation given by various authors, it can be claimed that manipulation is used as a measure of psychological impact in order to preclude a person from an independent decision making. Having studied the descriptions of manipulation methods by various authors using the comparative method, the descriptions of the same methods by various authors have been selected and grouped under similar features. Using the deductive method the key features of every manipulation method group have been pointed out, their descriptions have been formulated and indications have been distinguished. Having reviewed various authors’ ideas about political communication, the conclusions that election plays an important role in the political communication have been made. Every election becomes a feud between politicians and electors and manipulation is the main measure used in the election fight. Our opinions, attitudes and beliefs are... [to full text]

In order to probe how social movement messages foster participant mobilization, this study utilized an experimental design to investigate collective action frames, core messaging tasks that define problems, assign blame, convey a plan of action, and inspire participation. The study compared the effects of climate change messages that contain motivational frames with those that do not, incorporating the influence of resonance, and exposure to competing and counter frames. Results revealed that motivational frames contributed to mobilization, especially intention to act, under conditions of resonance and with exposure to counter frames. Salience primed participants to respond to motivational frames, however for some, motivational frames decreased intention to act. As social movements and climate change continue to profoundly shape our world in myriad ways, we will be better prepared to address those changes with information provided here.

Denna uppsats undersöker vilket innehåll USA:s president Donald Trump fyllde begreppen ”vi” och ”dom” med via sitt Twitterkonto under de sista tre veckorna av presidentvalrörelsen 2016. Analysen motiveras av att den kan ge en fingervisning om vilken politik Trump kommer att verka för som president. Forskningsfrågan för studien är: Med vilket innehåll fyller Donald Trump, genom sitt Twitterkonto, signifikanterna ”vi” och ”dom”? Uppsatsen ingår i forskningsfältet politisk kommunikation och utgår från ett teoretiskt ramverk som lägger stor vikt vid språkets funktion i konstruktionen av verkligheten. Som metod används diskursanalys, där betydelserna för ”vi” och ”dom” tolkas utifrån hur begreppen sammankopplas med andra betydelsebärande begrepp och den kontext som tweetarna är skrivna i. I uppsatsens analys framkommer det att Trump konstruerar en motsättning mellan ”vi” och ”dom” som baseras på religiös tillhörighet och ursprung, och där ”dom” som är muslimer eller har invandrat från Latinamerika utgör problemet. Utifrån den konstruerade problembilden kan politiska krav som att stoppa invandringen från muslimska länder och att deportera miljontals invandrade från Latinamerika, framstå som logiska lösningar. Lösningar som också har presenterats av Donald Trump. Denna typ av politiska förslag riskerar leda till att ytterligare öka främlingsfientligheten och de sociala spänningarna i USA. / This paper examines the content US President Donald Trump filled the terms "us" and "them" via his Twitter account during the last three weeks of the presidential election campaign in 2016. The analysis is motivated because it can give an indication of what kind of policy Trump will suggest as president. The research question for this study is: With what content does Donald Trump, through his Twitter account, fill the signifiers "us" and "them"? The essay is part of the research field of political communication and is based on a theoretical framework which places emphasis on the function language has as a tool for the construction of reality. Discourse analysis is used as method, which implicates that the meanings of "us" and "them" is interpreted on the basis of how the concepts are connected with other meaningful concepts and the context in which the tweets are produced. According to the analysis of this paper, Donald Trump constructs an opposition between "us" and "them" based on religious affiliation and origin, in which "them" – who are Muslim or immigrants from Latin America – are the problem. Based on this constructed conflict, the political demands to stop immigration from Muslim countries and deport millions of immigrants from Latin America, appears as logical solutions. Solutions that has also been presented by Donald Trump. This type of policy proposals could lead to a further strengthening of the social divisiveness and an increase of xenophobia in USA.

This diploma thesis on the "Non-Parliamentary Political Parties in Media Communication Process. Communication Behaviour of Non-Parliamentary Parties in the Czech Republic prior to the Parliamentary Elections of 2006" suggests that political parties wishing to succeed in the dynamically changing media environment today need to present themselves through the refection of contemporary trends in the development of political communication. Based on the hypothesis that the non-parliamentary (i.e. small) political parties fail to master these principles of media and political communication, which is one (but not the single) reason why they fail to reach spectacular results in elections, this diploma thesis investigates four Czech non-parliamentary political parties participating in the parliamentary elections of 2006. The theoretical part of this diploma thesis introduces the current phenomena of political communication, including the mediatisation and personalisation of politics and the concept of politics as entertainment, with a focus on the examples of professionalization of political communication, political marketing and the importance of public opinion. In the practical part of this diploma thesis, the fundamental definitions are used and the method of semiotic analysis applied to the media...

Diploma thesis Transformation of Visual Image of American Presidential Election in Magazines Time and Newsweek concentrates on visual depiction of topics related to the American presidential campaigns in newsweeklies between the years of 1992 and 2012. The first part of the thesis describes the development of modern political communication, political marketing and political campaigns. The following chapter is devoted to characterization of analyzed periodicals and to the current status of newsweeklies on the media market. The state of newsweeklies in the digital era is described by an example of the Newsweek magazine's current history and present. The American election system is briefly described in the end of the theroretical part of the thesis. A detailed research of visual materials dedicated to the American presidential campaigns in the Time and Newsweek magazines is carried out by the means of qualitative alalysis in the practical part of the thesis. The conclusion of the thesis evaluates the evolution of these materials between the years of 1992 and 2012 in the context of the development of the political communication and the current state of the media landscape.

The master's thesis Politics, Media and Manipulation: Political Journalism and Pragmatic Linguistics examines contemporary Czech publicized political communication using pragmatic analysis. It focuses on topics like power, ideology and self-presentation of the political participants in the media. It is also concerned with the framing of media communication and with the communication strategies that the political participants and journalists use. The research was conducted with the use of quantitative pragmatic analysis. Each sample was examined from many different angles. In this thesis, pragmatic phenomenon are examined like the function of the statements, speech acts, intertextuality, conversational maxims, the use and violation of speech etiquette, presupposition, conversational implicatures, deixis, and reference. The semiotic analysis and the examination of the context, from which the analyzed media texts originated, is involved as well. Journalistic texts from different types of media from the time of the first Czech direct presidential election have been chosen as samples for the analysis. The goal of the thesis is to design a complex pragmatic analysis and describe the used communication strategies of the participants.

The main focus of this thesis is the topic of spin doctoring. We understand the term of spin doctoring as a one-sided manipulative form of communication whose aim is to influence public opinion and attitudes. The thesis deals with both historic concepts and present day definitions of spin. Based on academic work, this text examines the phenomenon of spin doctoring in relation to political communication, public relations, propaganda, corporate spin and journalistic professions. We elaborate particular techniques and methods of spin on the background of important cases related to spin doctoring. These specific cases refer to anglo-american countries. The field of interest of political communication, the relation of politics and media and their impact on democratic order of society is examined from the perspective of pluralistic pessimists and neo- liberal optimists. The position of journalists in the context of their cooperation with the spin doctors is also taken into account. The research part of this work deals with the spin doctoring in the case of "Radar". The aim of the research is to find out whether or not manipulative techniques were employed in order to gain consent and support of the public in the case of building an American radar base in the Czech territory. Quantitative research methods...

The thesis deals with a compare of media image of Topolanek, Fischer and Necas government in periodical Tyden. I took two aims - first, to find out if any opinion inclination or political orientation is expressed in articles about Czech governments published in the periodical Tyden, second, to compare media image of all three governments among themselves and to trace potential differences. The theoretical section focuses on objectivity and bias, construction and representation. Substantial part of the theory is comprised of specific political communication and mediatisation together with trends in this field recognized in last decades. The empirical section is composed by quantitative analysis that compares representative articles and it is added by an content analysis of front pages of the periodical Tyden. Regardless of a fact, that the Jan Fischer government was very popular in public, the media picture of this particular government is rather negative comparing others. On the contrary there were found specific features showing that the Mirek Topolanek government was pictured more substantially. In generally the periodical Tyden uses negativity and stereotypes in articles about governments but in no case this is a predominant procedure of media products construct. The media picture of last three...

Diploma Thesis "Analysis of Czech dailies' content in relation to political parties during election campaign before municipal elections in Prague" presupposes that media and politics influence each other very strongly. In the theoretical part it first presents the media's role in society and describes the journalists' role evolution. Using the concept of mediatization it explains the media and political logic(s) inter-relation. In the next chapter it presents the historical development of political communication with regards to its ongoing transformation. After that it explains several concepts that are used when describing this process. Particularly it presents the concept of personalization and describes its two forms followed by definitions and critical evaluation of the concepts. In the empirical part it first presents the parties, dailies and municipal elections in the Czech Republic. Using the research method of quantitative content analysis it tries to find out the amount of attention/space that parties and candidates got in the newspapers during eleven weeks before the municipal elections in Prague in 2010. As a second step it tries to find out the level of personalization and its pre-defined forms. In the final part it presents the results and suggests possible extensions of the research.