• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 9
  • 4
  • 3
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 29
  • 29
  • 5
  • 5
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 2
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Plasma de gás natural como meio reativo para polimerização superficial de madeira

Ortiz, Olivia 15 June 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:19:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Capa_sumario e resumo.pdf: 62790 bytes, checksum: 4a6025d9eb7ac3fd4c6b6217995061a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Wood is a renewable natural polymer used by Brazilian industry of paper, furniture and tools. Surface treatment of wood is a way of improving its durability because it makes the surface waterprof. The present paper sets out to investigate the surface treatment of samples of pine (Pinus Ilhote) and imbuia (Ocotea Porosa) by means of a natural gas plasma at low pressure.The treatments were administered at 125°C for 1.0 h and 2.0 h. The samples were characterized by SEM, EDX, XRD, angle of contact (water drop versus polymerized surface) and absorption of humidity. Results indicate that there was the formation of a hydrophobic polymer film with 2,0 mm thickness. The angles of contact of a water drop on the surface sample that has undergone treatment reaches values of approximately 90°. As for the samples that have not been treated, the angle of contact can not be measured because the drop spreads on the wooden surface instantaneously. It is possible to observe that the polymer film is continuous and contributes to close the natural porosity of wood. Another interesting finding is that the vacuum system helps eliminate the humidity and the organic matter of wood as well as it leads to an improvement in the adhesion of ink to its surface. The rate of water absorption was reduced by up to 50% in the samples that have undergone plasma treatment. / A madeira é um polímero natural renovável muito utilizado pela indústria brasileira de papel, móveis e utensílios. O tratamento superficial da madeira é uma forma de aumentar sua vida útil pela impermeabilização da sua superfície. Neste trabalho estuda-se o tratamento superficial de amostras de pinus (Pinus Ilhote) e imbuia (Ocotea Porosa) a partir de um plasma de gás natural a baixa pressão. Os tratamentos foram realizados durante 1,0h e 2,0h a temperatura de 125°C. As amostras foram caracterizadas por MEV, EDX, DRX, ângulo de contato (gota de água x superfície polimerizada) e absorção de umidade (água). Os resultados mostram que houve a formação de um filme polimérico hidrofóbico com espessura da ordem de 2,0mm. O ângulo de contato de uma gota de água sobre a superfície de uma amostra tratada atinge valores próximos a 90° enquanto que, para as amostras não tratadas, nenhum ângulo de contato pode ser medido pois a gota se espalha instantaneamente sobre a superfície de madeira. Observa-se que o filme polimérico é contínuo e contribui para um grande fechamento da porosidade natural da madeira. O sistema de vácuo auxilia na eliminação da umidade e matéria orgânica da madeira bem como melhora a adesão da tinta à sua superfície. A taxa de absorção de água diminui em até 50% nas amostras que receberam o tratamento a plasma.
22

Investigating Interfacial Behaviors of Silicon Dioxide in Contact with Liquids and Polymers in Contact with Water

Stefin-Tyree, Amanda Joy 30 July 2021 (has links)
No description available.
23

Mechanical Parameter Characterization of Thin Polymer Films Using Digital Image Correlation

Vullaganti, Anoop January 2021 (has links)
Mechanical parameter characterization of very thin polymer films using digital im- age correlation is performed in this work. At present days DIC is widely used in the construction, food industries, and aviation. Despite advantages when compared to other conventional methods, but users still face difficulties with the analysis of thin polymers like low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) thin polymer films. For the application of sprays to obtain the best pattern quality as well as the potential of thin-film material properties tempering from the stochastic pattern paint. This research work will investigate the effect of several spray paints on the material response of thin polymer film. It also shows how to achieve good surface traction, time effect, and the type of spray to be used for DIC analysis. Finally, this research also studies how the width of the specimen affects the wrinkling effect, which is a common phenomenon while testing the thin polymer films and exhibits the appropriate width for reducing wrinkles on thin polymer films.
24

Partiell geschützte Blockcopolymere zur Darstellung von Polymerfilmen mit strukturierbarer und modifizierbarer Morphologie

Messerschmidt, Martin 01 December 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Gemäß der Zielstellung der Dissertation wurden verschiedene partiell tert.-Butyl- (TBU) und tert.-Butyloxycarbonyl- (Boc) geschützte Blockcopolymere auf der Basis von Poly(4-hydroxystyrol) mit engen Molmassenverteilungen sowie mit verschiedenen Blockzusammensetzungen dargestellt. Die Synthese dieser partiell TBU- und Boc-geschützten Blockcopolymere umfasste drei wesentliche Schritte: 1) Darstellung von Makroinitiatoren mittels NMRP, 2) Synthese von orthogonal geschützten Precursor-Blockcopolymeren durch Reinitiierung der Makroinitiatoren in Gegenwart eines weiteren orthogonal geschützten Monomeren und 3) orthogonale und quantitative polymeranaloge Umsetzungen ausgehend von den orthogonal geschützten Precursor-Blockcopolymeren. Mit den partiell TBU- und Boc-geschützten Blockcopolymeren wurden dünne Polymerfilme mittels „dip-coating“ präpariert. Die Untersuchung der Topographie und Morphologie der Filme erfolgte mit dem AFM. Aus den erhaltenen Topographie- und Phasenverschiebungsbildern ging eindeutig hervor, dass die verschiedenen Blöcke der jeweiligen partiell TBU- und Boc-geschützten Blockcopolymere in allen Polymerfilmen phasensepariert vorlagen. Reguläre Mikrostrukturen konnten allerdings nur bei den Polymerfilmen erhalten werden, deren Blockcopolymere sich allesamt durch asymmetrische Blockzusammensetzungen auszeichnen. Auf der Grundlage des statistischen Modellpolymeren Poly(styrol-r-4-hydroxystyrol) konnte ferner gezeigt werden, dass sich die phenolischen Hydroxylgruppen durch die Umsetzung mit Propargylbromid quantitativ in Propargylether-Gruppen umwandeln lassen und diese dann ihrerseits mit Hilfe der Cu(I)-katalysierten 1,3-dipolaren Cycloaddition (Click-Chemie) weiter mit einer Reihe von verschiedenen Aziden funktionalisiert werden können.
25

Analyse et simulation de la déformation de films polymères de décoration au cours de leur mise en forme / Analysis and simulation of the deformation of polymer films of decoration during forming process

Ahmad, Daniel 20 November 2013 (has links)
La simulation de la mise en forme des films polymères de décoration par le procédé de thermoformage a plusieurs objectifs. Elle permet de déterminer la faisabilité, ou les conditions de cette faisabilité et surtout elle permet de résoudre les nombreuses problématiques concernant la maîtrise des propriétés finales du film de décoration, telles que sa distribution d'épaisseur. Les simulations évitent les coûteuses études expérimentales par essais-erreurs. Le travail présenté dans ce document concerne les deux étapes principales de la mise en forme des films polymères par thermoformage, à savoir, l’étape de chauffage thermique par infrarouge et l’étape dite de formage. Les apports de ce travail sont les suivants : le développement d’une loi de comportement viscoélastique isotrope non isotherme, permettant de décrire le comportement mécanique du film polymère au cours de sa déformation. La simulation de l’étape de chauffage infrarouge permettant la mise en forme des films polymères à la température calculée par la prise en compte de la loi de comportement mécanique proposée. Enfin, un ensemble de simulations de mise en forme ont été réalisés et validés par comparaison avec des essais expérimentaux. / The simulation of the forming process of polymer films for thermoforming process has several objectives. It allows to determine feasibility or the conditions of this feasibility and above all it allows to know the thickness distribution of the deformed film of decoration. Simulations avoid the expensive experimental studies by test-errors. The work presented in this document relates to the two steps of the thermoforming of polymer films. The first step consists in heating the sheet using infrared lamps and the second step consists in forming the sheet into a mold. The contributions of this work are as follows: development of numerical modelling of the thermoforming process for non-isothermal viscoelastic sheet under large strains. Simulation of the heating step with taken into account the heterogeneous radiative heat transfer due to the shape of the tools. Finally, a set of simulations of forming processes was realized and the results of the simulations are compared to the results of experiments.
26

Caracterização do comportamento frente à corrosão do aço inoxidável austenítico ISO 5832-1 com revestimento duplex de polipirrol e fosfato de estrôncio

Nascimento, Camila Boldrini January 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Prof. Dr. Renato Altobelli Antunes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências e Materiais Avançados, Santo André, 2018. / Filmes de polímeros condutores podem agir como inibidores anódicos, acelerando e estabilizando a formação de óxidos protetores na superfície de materiais metálicos. O polipirrol é um polímero condutor com boa estabilidade química, ampla faixa de condutividade elétrica, baixo custo e fácil síntese. O fosfato de estrôncio é uma cerâmica bioativa, a qual estimula o crescimento de tecidos adjacentes ao redor de dispositivos implantáveis, promovendo seu ancoramento. No presente trabalho, revestimentos de polipirrol (PPy) com concentrações de 0,1 M e 0,5 M, fosfato de estrôncio e uma camada composta por um filme intermediáriao de polipirrol e uma camada externa de fosfato de estrôncio (revestimento duplex) foram eletrodepositados sobre a superfície do aço inoxidável cirúrgico ISO 5832-1. O objetivo foi investigar o efeito sobre o comportamento de corrosão deste aço nas condições descritas. A caracterização do comportamento eletroquímico foi feita por espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica e polarização potenciodinâmica. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em solução de PBS (phosphate buffered solution) a 37ºC. A morfologia dos revestimentos foi avaliada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A composição química da camada de fosfato de estrôncio foi avaliada por EDS (espectroscopia de dispersão de energia de raios-X). A composição dos filmes poliméricos e do fosfato de estrôncio foi analisada por XPS (espectroscopia de fotoelétrons excitados por raios-X). Os resultados indicaram a formação de filmes poliméricos homogêneos e com composições similares. A camada de fosfato de estrôncio foi depositada uniformemente e apresentou um aspecto granular. Os ensaios eletroquímicos mostraram um comportamento mais capacitivo para o revestimento duplex-0,5 M apresentando maior resistência à corrosão. / Conductive polymeric films can act as anodic inhibitors, accelerating and stabilizing the formation of protective oxide films on metallic materials. Polypyrrole is a conducting polymer with good chemical stability, wide range of electrical conductivity, low cost and simple synthesis. Strontium phosphate is a bioactive ceramic, witch improves the adjacent tissue growth around the implantable device promoting its anchorage. In the present work, polypyrrole with concentrations of 0.1 M and 0.5 M, strontium phosphate and a bilayer consisting of an intermediate polypyrrole film and strontium phosphate topcoat (duplex coating) were deposited by electrodeposition on the surface of ISO 5832-1 surgical stainless steel substrate. The objective was to investigate the effect on the corrosion behavior of the ISO 5832-1 steel under the described conditions. The characterization of the electrochemical behavior was made by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization. The tests were conducted on PBS (phosphate buffered solution) at 37ºC. The morphology of the coatings was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy The chemical composition of the strontium phosphate layer was evaluated by EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry). The polymeric and strontium phosphate films compositions were evaluated by XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy). The results showed the formation of a homogeneous film and similar compositions. The strontium phosphate layer was deposited equally and showed a granular morphology. The electrochemical tests showed a more capacitive behavior for the duplex-0,5 M coating, which presented higher corrosion resistance.
27

Partiell geschützte Blockcopolymere zur Darstellung von Polymerfilmen mit strukturierbarer und modifizierbarer Morphologie

Messerschmidt, Martin 19 October 2006 (has links)
Gemäß der Zielstellung der Dissertation wurden verschiedene partiell tert.-Butyl- (TBU) und tert.-Butyloxycarbonyl- (Boc) geschützte Blockcopolymere auf der Basis von Poly(4-hydroxystyrol) mit engen Molmassenverteilungen sowie mit verschiedenen Blockzusammensetzungen dargestellt. Die Synthese dieser partiell TBU- und Boc-geschützten Blockcopolymere umfasste drei wesentliche Schritte: 1) Darstellung von Makroinitiatoren mittels NMRP, 2) Synthese von orthogonal geschützten Precursor-Blockcopolymeren durch Reinitiierung der Makroinitiatoren in Gegenwart eines weiteren orthogonal geschützten Monomeren und 3) orthogonale und quantitative polymeranaloge Umsetzungen ausgehend von den orthogonal geschützten Precursor-Blockcopolymeren. Mit den partiell TBU- und Boc-geschützten Blockcopolymeren wurden dünne Polymerfilme mittels „dip-coating“ präpariert. Die Untersuchung der Topographie und Morphologie der Filme erfolgte mit dem AFM. Aus den erhaltenen Topographie- und Phasenverschiebungsbildern ging eindeutig hervor, dass die verschiedenen Blöcke der jeweiligen partiell TBU- und Boc-geschützten Blockcopolymere in allen Polymerfilmen phasensepariert vorlagen. Reguläre Mikrostrukturen konnten allerdings nur bei den Polymerfilmen erhalten werden, deren Blockcopolymere sich allesamt durch asymmetrische Blockzusammensetzungen auszeichnen. Auf der Grundlage des statistischen Modellpolymeren Poly(styrol-r-4-hydroxystyrol) konnte ferner gezeigt werden, dass sich die phenolischen Hydroxylgruppen durch die Umsetzung mit Propargylbromid quantitativ in Propargylether-Gruppen umwandeln lassen und diese dann ihrerseits mit Hilfe der Cu(I)-katalysierten 1,3-dipolaren Cycloaddition (Click-Chemie) weiter mit einer Reihe von verschiedenen Aziden funktionalisiert werden können.
28

Novel H-bond donor polymers for layer-by-layer self-assembly multilayered films / Nouveaux polymères donneurs de liaisons hydrogènes pour l’élaboration de films multicouches

Chen, Jing 11 September 2013 (has links)
Ce travail est consacré à la synthèse de nouveaux polymères donneurs de liaison Hydrogène et à leur utilisation comme partenaire dans la construction de nouveaux films multicouches préparés par le procédé d’élaboration en couche-par-couche (LbL). Plus particulièrement, une nouvelle réaction impliquant des mercaptoalcools non protégés et le poly(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrène) (PPFS) a été développé et appliquée à la synthèse de nouveaux polymères donneurs de liaisons H. Ce couplage régiosélectif et chimiosélectif de type « click » avec un thiol hétérofonctionnel peut être utilisée pour préparer une bibliothèque de polymères qui diffèrent de par leur degré de substitution (DS) et/ou leur fonctionnalité en groupements associatifs. Le contrôle de ces paramètres structuraux permet de moduler leur force d’interactions avec des partenaires accepteurs de liaison H variés, comme la poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP), le poly(acrylate de n-butyle) (PBA) et le poly(oxyde d'éthylène) (PEO), de telle façon que tous les types de mélanges binaires (mélange non miscible, partiellement ou totalement miscible, ou complexe interpolymère) peuvent être obtenus. Ensuite, les dérivés de PPFS donneurs de liaisons H ont été utilisés en partenariat avec le P4VP pour élaborer avec succès de nouveaux films multicouche dont la force motrice est l’établissement de liaisons H. L'influence de nombreux paramètres relatifs à la structure des polymères donneurs (DS, structure chimique du groupement associatif), au type de modification chimique subie par le substrat sur lequel est élaboré le film multicouche (monocouche auto-assemblée vs. polymère greffée en conformation de type brosse) ou encore des paramètres expérimentaux liés aux conditions de dépôt (concentration des solutions de dépôt, nature du partenaire adsorbé en premier) a été étudiée. Plus particulièrement, le mécanisme de croissance ainsi que les caractéristiques de surface du film ont été évalués. / This work deals with the design of novel hydrogen-bond donor polymers and their use as partner in new tailor-made multilayered films prepared by the layer-by-layer (LbL) process. In this context, a novel regioselective and chemoselective “click-type” reaction of unprotected mercaptoalcohols onto poly(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoro-styrene) (PPFS) has been developed, and applied to the synthesis of new hydroxylated H-bond donor polymers. This coupling with heterofunctional thiol is used to prepare a library of polymers differing in the degree of substitution (DS) and/or functionality. The fine control of these parameters makes it possible to tune their interaction ability with various acceptor polymers such as poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP), poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), such that all possible scenarios (immiscible blend, partially or totally miscible blend or interpolymer complex) can be achieved. Subsequently, the resulting H-bond donor polymers (PPFS derivatives) were used to successfully build-up multilayered films with using P4VP as partner via layer-by-layer (LbL) through the dip deposition process. The influence of various parameters related to structure of the partners (DS, nature of the PPFS derivatives), the chemical structure of the surface onto which the film is built-up (self-assembled monolayer vs. polymer brush) and the deposition process (concentration of deposition solutions, nature of the first deposited partner) was in-depth evaluated, on both the growth mechanism and on the surface features of the multilayered films.
29

Modélisation, vieillissement et surveillance de l'état de santé des condensateurs films utilisés dans des applications avioniques / Modeling, ageing and health monitoring of metallized film capacitors used for aeronautic applications

Makdessi, Maawad 24 April 2014 (has links)
Le domaine aéronautique connait de nos jours un engouement sans précédent autour de l’avion plus électrique. L’importance du nombre d’équipements électriques est à un tel point que l’amélioration de leur fiabilité devient incontournable. Actuellement, les composants passifs occupent 75 % des éléments électroniques utilisés en avionique dont la moitié correspond à des condensateurs. Ces derniers doivent donc répondre aux exigences environnementales avioniques assez contraignantes. C’est dans ce contexte que nous nous sommes intéressés particulièrement à l’étude des condensateurs à technologie film utilisant le polypropylène ou le polyester comme diélectrique. Afin de mieux comprendre le comportement fréquentiel de cette technologie, deux modèles fins de condensateurs films ont été développés, permettant ainsi de suivre les évolutions de leurs grandeurs électriques dans des conditions cohérentes avec l’application. Dans un deuxième temps, l’effet des contraintes en tension et en température constantes a été étudié sous la forme de facteurs d’accélération du vieillissement. Cela a été établi par l’intermédiaire de plusieurs essais, permettant d’établir les lois d’évolutions temporelles des paramètres électriques des condensateurs. Comme ces contraintes constantes ne sont pas toujours représentatives des conditions réelles d’utilisation, les cinétiques de dégradation ont été comparées à celles où les condensateurs sont sollicités par de fortes ondulations de courant, seules ou associées à une tension continue. Enfin, la dernière partie de notre travail expose l’utilisation des données expérimentales issues des essais de vieillissement dans un objectif de diagnostic en ligne. Les techniques utilisées assurent l'analyse de la dégradation de ces composants, étape essentielle dans la prédiction de l’état de santé des condensateurs en ligne / Nowadays, aeronautic research field is moving towards a more electric aircraft. Although this evolutionary path offers many advantages from a financial and ecological point of view, the increased power source usage sets additional constraints on the different electrical systems used onboard. Currently, passive components occupy 75% of the overall electronic equipments used in avionics, whose 50% corresponds to capacitors. Consequently, these latter must be able to withstand the harsh avionic operating conditions. In this thesis we were particularly interested in the study of metallized film capacitors technology using polyester or polypropylene as dielectric. A first approach consisted on the modeling of these components as function of frequency in order to study the evolution of their electrical parameters under consistent avionic stresses. These models were also developed on the purpose of tracking the degradation of the capacitors parameters over time. This operation was done by the means of accelerated floating ageing tests, where capacitors were subjected to different constant voltages and temperatures. Original capacitance ageing laws were thus proposed based on the identification of voltage and temperature degradation kinetics. However, since traditional floating ageing tests, do not reflects the normal ageing of the component, degradation kinetics of metallized films capacitors under high ripple currents, alone or combined with a DC voltage across the devices terminals where also studied, and the associated failure mechanisms were identified. A final step consisted on the health monitoring of metallized film capacitors online based on the experimental ageing data

Page generated in 0.073 seconds