A quantitative descriptive study was conducted to establish professional nurses’ and patients’ knowledge and understanding of laparoscopic surgery and to determine whether nurses are sufficiently knowledgeable to disseminate adequate information about laparoscopic surgery to patients. Two state hospitals based in KwaZulu-Natal where laparoscopic surgery is done were selected and the respondents were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected by administering questionnaires to theatre nurses (n=39), ward nurses (n=87) and patients (n=42) scheduled for laparoscopic surgery. The SPSS version 15 for Windows was used to compute the results. The findings revealed that the professional nurses were not sufficiently knowledgeable about laparoscopic surgery to give adequate information to patients and the patients themselves were not fully informed about all aspects of laparoscopic surgery including the possibility of conversion to open surgery, complications and advantages and after care. There is therefore a dire need for improvement of patient education to assist patients gaining optimal recovery / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Após um trauma cirúrgico o paciente apresenta uma resposta inflamatória que acarreta em dor, edema, calor, rubor e perda de função. Tais sintomas podem tornar o pós-operatório desagradável e diminuir a qualidade de vida. Diversos estudos utilizando terapia de fotobiomodulação com variados protocolos têm mostrado resultados favoráveis no controle do edema, limitação de abertura de boca e dor no período pós-operatório. O uso do gelo no período pós-operatório tem sido orientação e recomendação de rotina para os pacientes, porém estudos clínicos controlados mostram resultados controversos em relação aos seus reais efeitos. Neste contexto, foi realizado um ensaio clínico randomizado cruzado triplo-cego para avaliar a limitação de abertura bucal, os níveis de edema e dor no período pós-operatório da exodontia de terceiros molares inferiores após a aplicação de bolsas de gelo (controlada, assistida e padronizada) associada (LG) ou não (LPG) a sessão única de fotobiomodulação (FBM). A irradiação foi aplicada por Diodo de Arseneto de Gálio e Alumínio (AsGaAl) seguindo os parâmetros: comprimento de onda de 808 nm (infravermelho) potência de 100 mW, densidade de potência de 3.57 W. cm², área do ponto de aplicação de 0.028 cm2, densidade de energia de 107 J/cm2, energia de 3 J, duração de 30 segundos em cada ponto de aplicação, em 4 pontos equidistantes sobre a pele entre a inserção e a origem do músculo masseter no lado onde o dente foi extraído totalizando 12 J. No grupo LPG a intervenção da FBM foi placebo realizada com o equipamento desativado. A amostra final foi composta por 21 pacientes, os resultados mostraram redução significativa para o grupo LG do edema no período entre 0-24 horas para a medida Ag-Cl (p= 0.009), entre 0-7 dias para a medida Tr-Cl (p= 0.002) e redução significativa da dor no período de 48 horas (p=0.03). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos LG e LPG para a limitação de abertura bucal. Concluímos que a fotobiomodulação extraoral pelo laser de baixa potência infravermelho de Diodo de Arseneto de Gálio e Alumínio (AsGaAl), aplicada em sessão única imediatamente após exodontia de terceiros molares inferiores foi capaz de melhorar os efeitos terapêuticos da aplicação local de bolsas de gelo em alguns parâmetros de edema e de dor mas não influenciou na limitação de abertura bucal. / After surgical trauma patients present inflammatory response that leads to pain, edema, heat, redness and loss of function. Such symptoms can make the postoperative unpleasant and quality of life decrease. Several studies using low power photobiomodulation therapy, with several protocols, have been performed with favorable results in the control of edema, limitation of mouth opening and pain in the postoperative period. The use of ice packs in the postoperative period has been a routine guidance and recommendation for patients, but controlled clinical trials show controversial results related to their actual effects. In this context, we conducted a randomized crossover clinical trial triple-blind to evaluate limitation of mouth opening, levels of swelling and pain in the postoperative period of third molar extraction after applying cold packs (controlled, assisted and standardized) associated with (LI) or not (LPI) to a single session of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT). The irradiation was applied with a diode aluminum gallium arsenide laser (AlGaAs) following the parameters: wavelength of 808 nm (infrared), power of 100 mW, power density of 3.57 W. cm², application point area of 0.028 cm2, energy density of 107 J / cm2, energy of 3 J, duration of 30 seconds each application point, at 4 equidistant points on the skin between the insertion and origin of the masseter muscle on the side where the tooth was extracted, totaling 12 J. In the group LPI the PBMT intervention was placebo performed with the equipment turned off. The final sample consisted of 21 patients, the results showed a significant reduction for the LI group of edema in the period between 0-24 hours for the Ag-Cl measure (p = 0.009), between 0-7 days for the Tr-Cl measurement (p = 0.002) and significant pain reduction in the 48-hour period (p = 0.03). There was no statistically significant difference between LG and LPG groups for mouth opening limitation. We concluded that a single session of extraoral PBMT with infrared AlGaAs, applied immediately after inferior third molar extraction was able to improve effects of local application of ice packs on postoperative outcomes of edema and pain but not on mouth opening.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-07-10T18:45:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago da Silva.pdf: 1419570 bytes, checksum: 6c6e9d3e986eb659ac40f20394e683f6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-10T18:45:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago da Silva.pdf: 1419570 bytes, checksum: 6c6e9d3e986eb659ac40f20394e683f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-04 / Nenhuma / OBJETIVO: identificar e analisar as melhores evidências cientifica como suporte teórico para a elaboração de um protocolo assistencial para o manejo da dor de pacientes adultos cirúrgicos. METODOLOGIA: trata-se de estudo exploratório, realizado em bases de dados através dos descritores obtidos no MeSH/Decs: Acute pain; chronic pain; General surgery; Analgesics; Clinical protocols; Practice guideline; Pain measurement; Pain; Post-Surgery; Post-Operative. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS e COCHRANE, utilizando-se o método PICO, compreendendo artigos escritos em inglês ou português, a partir de 2001 e classificados conforme o sistema de classificação de Nível de Evidência do Oxford Center for Evidence Based Medicine e o grau de recomendação e o nível de evidência no enfoque tratamento, prevenção, etiologia e diagnóstico, do Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation ? GRADE. Todos os direitos autorais foram preservados. RESULTADOS: dos 424 artigos encontrados, 29 foram selecionados. Identificaram-se evidências quanto à classificação da intensidade da dor conforme o tipo de cirurgia, os instrumentos para sua avaliação e os principais agentes farmacológicos para o seu manejo. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos artigos são do Brasil e Estados Unidos, sendo a maior produção em 2013 (8 artigos), 2009 (5 artigos) e 2010 (4 artigos). As melhores evidências encontradas foram 16 ensaios clínicos randomizado e seis revisões sistemáticas de ensaios clínicos randomizado. A escala de mensuração da dor mais utilizada é a Escala Visual Analógica. Deve ser classificada conforme sua intensidade e seu manejo deve ser adequado de acordo com a potência do analgésico prescrito. CONCLUSÃO: os estudos identificaram inúmeras fragilidades, não existindo um planejamento farmacológico adequado ao paciente cirúrgico. A criação deste protocolo propiciou um caminho seguro e uma base científica de qualidade para o manejo da dor e vêm ao encontro das diretrizes estabelecidas pela Agência Americana de Pesquisa e Qualidade em Saúde Pública, e a Sociedade Americana da Dor. / OBJECTIVE: to identify and analyze the best scientific evidence and theoretical support for the development of a protocol assistance for pain management of surgical adult patients. METHODOLOGY: this is an exploratory study conducted in databases obtained through the descriptors in MeSH / Decs: Acute pain; chronic pain; General surgery; Analgesics; Clinical protocols; Practice guideline; Pain measurement; Pain; Post-Surgery; Post-Operative. The search was performed in PubMed, LILACS and COCHRANE data, using the PICO method, comprising articles written in English or Portuguese, from 2001 and classified according to the classification system LoE of the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine and grade of recommendation and level of evidence approach in treatment, prevention, etiology and diagnosis, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation - GRADE. All copyrights are preserved. RESULTS: among the 424 articles found, 29 were selected. We identified evidence for the classification of pain intensity according to the type of surgery, the instruments for their assessment and the main pharmacologic agents for its management. The results showed that most of the articles are from Brazil and the United States, with the largest production in 2013 (8 articles), 2009 (5 items) and 2010 (4 articles). The best evidence found were 16 randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews of six randomized clinical trials. The measurement scale is the most widely used pain Visual Analog Scale. Should be classified according to their intensity and their management should be appropriate according to the prescribed analgesic potency. CONCLUSION: the studies identified numerous weaknesses, with no adequate pharmacological planning to surgical patients. The creation of this protocol provided a safe journey and a scientific basis for quality pain management and come to meet the guidelines established by the American Agency for Research and Quality in Public Health, and the American Pain Society.

The purpose of this study was to identify the strengths and weaknesses of a pre-operative health education programme provided to cardiac surgery patients at a private hospital in Gauteng. A questionnaire was used to collect data and indicated that most patients were satisfied with the pre-operative education that they received before their cardiac surgery procedure, and therefore felt well prepared for the operation. It is, however, evident that family involvement with pre-operative education was not satisfactory. This lack of family involvement is a limitation in the present programme. The study also noted that patients must be informed about visiting hours, and the intense feeling of the endotracheal tube post-operatively should be emphasised. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the surgical nurses’ perceptions about the management of post-operative pain and strategies employed in management of pain in patients who have undergone total hip or knee replacement surgery in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Qualitative, exploratory-descriptive research design was applied. Purposive nonprobability sampling was used and data collected by means of audio-recorded semistructured individual interviews. Data saturation was reached after interviewing twenty surgical nurses. Themes and categories emerged from adopting Creswell’s (2013) “data analysis spiral”. One of the key findings was that patients reportedly experience moderate to severe pain during the first three days after surgery, before it is controlled on mild to moderate levels or before the patient is pain free. Conclusions were drawn, and one of the major ones was that multimodal strategies are employed by the surgical to manage post-operative pain. Recommendations were also made from findings of this study, and one key recommendation was that expatriate nurses to have access to Arabic speakers to overcome language barriers. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Submitted by Simone Souza (simonecgsouza@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-20T14:37:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Miguel Aprelino Alito.pdf: 4695957 bytes, checksum: 0f8d53c15612c14ec0bd4276f60d6c20 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-09-26T12:50:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Miguel Aprelino Alito.pdf: 4695957 bytes, checksum: 0f8d53c15612c14ec0bd4276f60d6c20 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-26T12:50:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Miguel Aprelino Alito.pdf: 4695957 bytes, checksum: 0f8d53c15612c14ec0bd4276f60d6c20 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-25 / Introdução: Protocolos multimodais, quando empregados, melhoram variáveis clínicas perioperatórias e pós-operatórias. Existe pouca informação sobre abreviação do jejum préoperatório com oferta de líquidos claros enriquecidos com carboidratos e imunomoduladores em operações ortopédicas. O projeto ACERTO (ACEleração da Recuperação Total pósoperatória) é baseado em um programa europeu já existente (ERAS) e fundamentado no paradigma da medicina baseada em evidências. É antes de tudo um programa educativo. Objetivos: Avaliar variáveis clínicas, bioquímicas inflamatórias e segurança de um protocolo multimodal em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de artroplastia total do quadril, utilizando-se técnica cimentada em fêmur e sem cimento no acetábulo (artroplastia total de quadril tipo híbrida). Métodos: Estudo prospectivo com 32 pacientes (16 do sexo masculino, com idade média de 58 anos variando de 26 a 85 anos) randomizados em dois grupos: 17 pacientes (Grupo ACERTO) submetidos a jejum abreviado com oferta de maltodextrina a 12,5%, 2h antes da indução anestésica e uso de dieta imunomoduladora por cinco dias previamente a cirurgia; 15 pacientes (Grupo CONTROLE) submetidos a jejum de 8 horas sem terapia nutricional préoperatória. Foram avaliados clinicamente broncoaspiração na indução anestésica e tempo de internação e em exames laboratoriais os níveis de hemoglobina (HB), velocidade de hemossedimentação (VHS) e proteína C reativa (PCR) no pré-operatório e com 48h de pósoperatório. Resultados: Não ocorreram óbitos, infecções, luxações da prótese, necessidade de reoperação, ou transfusões sanguíneas. Nenhum caso de broncoaspiração ocorreu na indução anestésica. Pacientes do Grupo ACERTO apresentaram, em média, dois dias a menos de internação hospitalar (P < 0,01). A taxa de HB foi similar entre os grupos no pré e pósoperatório. Valores de VHS se mantiveram semelhantes entre os grupos no pós-operatório (p = 0,09), mas a PCR foi maior no grupo CONTROLE no pós-operatório (p = 0,01). Conclusão: Abreviação do jejum pré-operatório com oferta de carboidratos na artroplastia total de quadril é segura, podendo ser praticada. O protocolo investigado como um todo diminuiu o tempo de internação hospitalar e valores de PCR no pós-operatório. / Introduction: Multimodal protocols, when used, enhance several perioperative clinical variables. Limited information is available about the reduction of preoperative fasting with administration of clear liquids enriched with carbohydrate and immunomodulators in orthopedic surgeries. The ACERTO (Accelerated Postoperative Total Recovery) is based on an existing European program (ERAS) and based on the paradigm of evidence-based medicine. It is an educational program. Objectives: To evaluate clinical, biochemical inflammatory variables and safety of the method, shortening up the fast with drink containing carbohydrates and use of immunomodulatory diet in patients undergoing surgery for total hip arthroplasty using cementless technique on the femur and the acetabulum without cement (total hip arthroplasty hybrid type). Methods: A prospective study of 32 patients (16 males, with a mean age of 58 years ranging de 26 to 85 years) were randomized into two groups: 17 patients (Group ACERTO) undergoing abbreviated to offer 12,5% maltodextrin fasting, 2h before induction of anesthesia and use of immunomodulatory diet for five days prior to surgery; 15 patients (Group CONTROL) fasted for 8 hours without preoperative nutritional therapy. Clinically aspiration during induction of anesthesia and hospitalization time and in laboratory tests the levels of hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) preoperatively and 48 hours postoperatively were evaluated. Results: There were no deaths, infections, dislocations of the prosthesis, reoperation, or blood transfusions. No cases of aspiration occurred during anesthetic induction. Group ACERTO patients had, on average, two days less hospitalization (P < 0,01). Results of hemoglobin did not differ among groups in preoperative and postoperative. VHS values remained similar between groups postoperatively (p = 0,09), but CRP was higher in the control group postoperatively (p = 0,01). Conclusion: Preoperative fasting abbreviation with of carbohydrates in total hip arthroplasty is safe and may be practiced. The protocol investigated as a whole, decreased hospital stay and CRP levels postoperatively.

Objective: As long-term results of conservative treatment for obesity are discouraging, bariatric surgery is becoming a treatment option for extremely obese adolescents. However, mental and behavioral problems need to be respected when treating this vulnerable target group. Methods: A detailed systematic literature review on pre- and post-operative depressive, anxiety and eating disorder symptoms of adolescent patients was performed in PsychINFO, PubMed and Medline electronic databases. Results: Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Although strength of evidence was limited, results suggested that pre-operatively a third of adolescents suffered from moderate to severe depressive disorder symptoms and a quarter from anxiety disorder symptoms, while a substantial number showed eating disorder symptoms. Post-operatively, levels of depressive disorder symptoms significantly improved. Original articles on outcomes of eating and anxiety disorder symptoms after weight loss surgery were not found. Conclusions: Further attention is needed on consistent clinical assessment of mental health disturbances and their consecutive treatment in adolescents. Future research should also focus on psychological and psychosocial predictors of weight loss after bariatric surgery.

A quantitative descriptive study was conducted to establish professional nurses’ and patients’ knowledge and understanding of laparoscopic surgery and to determine whether nurses are sufficiently knowledgeable to disseminate adequate information about laparoscopic surgery to patients. Two state hospitals based in KwaZulu-Natal where laparoscopic surgery is done were selected and the respondents were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected by administering questionnaires to theatre nurses (n=39), ward nurses (n=87) and patients (n=42) scheduled for laparoscopic surgery. The SPSS version 15 for Windows was used to compute the results. The findings revealed that the professional nurses were not sufficiently knowledgeable about laparoscopic surgery to give adequate information to patients and the patients themselves were not fully informed about all aspects of laparoscopic surgery including the possibility of conversion to open surgery, complications and advantages and after care. There is therefore a dire need for improvement of patient education to assist patients gaining optimal recovery / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Introduktion En postoperativ avdelning vårdar patienter under den första, känsliga postoperativa perioden. De har oftast bemannats av specialistsjuksköterskor, på vilka det råder brist. Varken lagar eller riktlinjer kräver specialistsjuksköterskor på postoperativa avdelningar. En möjlig lösning är att bemanna med grundutbildade sjuksköterskor.  Syfte Syftet med studien var att beskriva grundutbildade sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda patienter på postoperativ avdelning efter fördjupad utbildning inom postoperativ vård.  Metod  Deskriptiv kvalitativ studie med induktiv ansats. Sex semistrukturerade intervjuer som analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat Deltagarna upplevde den postoperativa patientvården som utmanande och stressande, på grund av komplexiteten i patienters tillstånd och en stundvis hög arbetsbelastning, men samtidigt hanterbar, tillfredsställande och utvecklande. Till stöd var yrkeserfarenhet, teoretiska kunskaper och rutiner. Kompetenta kollegor gav en trygghet. Ibland kände deltagare en osäkerhet kring sin egen kompetens samt en oro för patientsäkerheten. De framhöll vikten av självkännedom och att våga vara tydlig utåt med sina begränsningar. Diskussion Frågor kring kompetens är komplexa vilket kan ses av tidigare studiers mångfacetterade resultat. Bland annat är de samstämmiga med denna studies resultat i vikten av att vårdteamet i stort besitter tillräcklig kompetens, att högre utbildningsnivå ger en större självständighet och att en känsla av kontroll och tillit till sin omgivning är positivt för att en sjuksköterska ska känna arbetstillfredsställelse, medan en för hög arbetsbelastning är negativt. Slutsats Att vårda patienter på en postoperativ avdelning är utmanande men tillfredställande. Patientsäkerheten kräver förmåga att sätta gränser och närhet till specialistkompetens.