Cette thèse propose une approche qualitative du métabolisme urbain à partir du cas des flux de déchets au Caire (Égypte) et à Lyon (France). Il s’agit de dépasser l’impossibilité présumée de la comparaison de cas d’études a priori très éloignés (selon un axe Nord/Sud) en proposant une grille de lecture centrée sur la multiplicité des infrastructures sociales et techniques permettant la circulation et la transformation de ces matières. Elle se penche plus particulièrement sur les flux dits cataboliques permettant de décrire l’ensemble des étapes de transformations et de circulation de la matière permettant la « mort sociale des objets » entendue comme une protection hygiénique et critique à l’égard de leur dangerosité. L’analyse du déploiement des flux cataboliques à travers les milieux urbains permet ainsi de mettre en avant les formes prises par le contrôle de ces flux. Cette formalisation est ici présentée comme un arraisonnement du milieu, pensé comme une mise en ordre des milieux par des pratiques hétérogènes de codage et de surcodage. Ces notions permettent d’identifier un modèle d’urbanisation occidental pensé comme une mise en ingénierie des milieux urbains (ingénierie mésologique). Cette grille de lecture se conçoit comme un « troisième terme » permettant de faire dialoguer des cas d’étude souvent considérés incommensurables en raison d’une approche tératologique des modèles de développement urbain du Sud. Cette approche est marquée par une volonté de justice épistémologique entrant dans le cadre de la refondation postcoloniale des études urbaines et par la volonté de participer au développement de ce que Souleymane Bachir Diagne nomme un « universalisme de traduction ». À partir de ce cadre théorique sont analysés le fonctionnement et les évolutions historiques et contemporaines des pratiques d’arraisonnement gouvernementales ou non des flux cataboliques au Caire et à Lyon dans le contexte du déploiement du métabolisme capitaliste contemporain. / This thesis intend to formulate a qualitative analysis of urban metabolism based on the study of waste circulations in Cairo (Egypt) and Lyon (France). I propose here an analytical framework centered on multiple social and technical infrastructures allowing the circulation and transformation of matter to overlook assumptions of incommensurability of Northern and Southern urban contexts. Catabolic flows are presented as a way of encompassing the whole of the process of the « social death of things » understood as a practice of protection from the hygienic and critic hazards of waste. Such flows are deployed by an effort of enframing urban milieus through heterogeneous practices of coding and overcoding. Those notions help me to identify an western form of urbanization relying on an engineering of urban milieus (mesologic engineering). This theoretical frame is thought as a « third term » allowing a discussion between cases oftenly considered as incommensurable because of teratological understanding of urban development in the South. The idea is to set up what Souleymane Bachir Diagne calls an « universalism of translation » in line with postcolonial inquiries of a necessary renewal of urban theories through the study of southern urban experiences. Starting there, catabolic flows are studied through the analysis of enframing practices in Lyon and Cairo in the context of contemporary capitalist metabolism.

In order to understand the role of discourse in a system of multi-level governance, this thesis performs a case study of Sweden’s response to the 2015-2016 refugee crisis. Initially praised as the European country who accepted the highest number of asylum applications per capita, by the end of 2015 Sweden had limited its asylum policy to the minimum levels under EU law. The abrupt policy change coincided with the emergence of two primary refugee discourses among media and politicians: a solidarity-oriented discourse and a problem-oriented discourse. While both discourses are visible at each level of governance, the national government expressed a commitment to solidarity through its humanitarian ideology while the local municipalities often described the challenges of accommodating the refugees as problematic. To analyze the impact of contrasting discourses at multiple levels of governance, a critical discourse analysis is conducted of news media in Sweden at the national level and the local level and discussed with reference to the theory of postcolonialism. The discourse analysis is then compared to the major changes to refugee policy at the national level and refugee reception at the local level. The results indicate a strong relationship between refugee policy/reception and media discourse at each level of governance, but a much weaker relationship between the levels of governance. This research provides new insight into the theory of multi-level governance and migration studies through its comparison of refugee governance at multiple levels.

This thesis argues that colonization plays a major role in corruption in developing countries. There are different types of corruption: bribery, fraud, and institutional corruption. They occur often, and in some instances, these habits were developed as a result of the colonizers influencing the behaviors of their colonies. Although colonial times seem far back, the characteristics and influences have been deeply engrained in the countries that have long since gained their independence from their colonizers. In the following thesis, I will argue the correlation that colonization and corruption have, while also addressing particular countries in the argument maintaining that there is a link that exists. This case aims to foster an understanding that although there are many causes of corruption, colonization serves as a basis for state development, which in turn affects the presence of corruption. This thesis will reflect research made by scholars regarding corruption and colonization, as well as the theory and hypotheses that support each issue.

The critical essay gained immense popularity in the sixties and seventies in the Maghrib as a way to depict national realities that had failed to live up to nationalist ideals. Their authors often shared similar attributes: young highly educated intellectuals, committed toward modernity and who steered clear of politics. Such was the case of Abdallah Laroui (born 1933) and Hichem Djaït (born 1935), two celebrated Maghribi thinkers of the post-1967 generation in Arab thought. Despite their different ideological positions, they share a similar trajectory and both wrote about the need for another Arab renaissance, in Laroui's La crise des intellectuels arabes (1974) and Djaït's La personnalité arabo-islamique (1974). The turn to critical writing is routinely dismissed for being secondary, for having a restricted audience and little political impact, yet it highlights well the Maghribi postcolonial intellectual's competing demands: to conform to an ideal representation of intellectual "commitment" through critical speech, and to secure national recognition and integration. As such, this thesis confronts the often-neglected impact of nationalism on intellectual conducts after independence around the impact of their disillusionment, and forces us to rethink critically notions of engagement, the role of intellectuals and postcolonial cultural productions that are current in Middle East studies, and problematically envisaged by postcolonial studies. These texts have been approached as dynamic objects responding to a set of questions in their time, to account for the materiality of thought production, mobilising David Scott's concept of the "problem-space of intellectual production" (1999). This thesis looks at Abdallah Laroui and Hichem Djaït's intellectual projects from 1965 to 1978, to study the genesis and aftermaths of their critical moment, focusing on their published writings (critical essays and academic studies), press and journal articles, interviews, and fictional texts from a later period, in Arabic and French. Their writings will be read alongside several cultural journals, newspapers and memoirs dealing with this period of the Maghrib's history to account for the processes of circulation and reception by relevant audiences.

Submitted by Denize Lourenço (biblicfp@cfp.ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-21T18:52:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MÔNICA LEITE DA NOBREGA - DISSERTAÇÃO PREFLETRAS 2018.pdf: 2275274 bytes, checksum: 33e391de6a22a762410b5062699e12a1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T18:52:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MÔNICA LEITE DA NOBREGA - DISSERTAÇÃO PREFLETRAS 2018.pdf: 2275274 bytes, checksum: 33e391de6a22a762410b5062699e12a1 (MD5) / Capes / São inúmeras, no contexto educacional, as publicações que versam sobre o ensino de literatura nas escolas. Trata-se de um número que reflete um desafio e, portanto, uma preocupação de boa parte dos educadores: a formação do leitor literário crítico. Estaríamos nós, educadores, realizando eficiente mediação para formação de alunos leitores de literatura? Como podemos agir, em sala de aula, para promover o letramento literário? Com base nessas inquietações, procuraremos, à luz de teóricos diversos, buscar alternativas metodológicas para guiar o nosso trabalho em sala de aula, visando (re)significar o contexto da ação docente, com vista a formação leitora do aluno. Dessa forma, esta dissertação busca analisar as teorias que circulam sobre o ensino de literatura, mais especificamente sobre a leitura literária na escola; reconhecer, à luz da Linguística Aplicada e dos pressupostos da crítica pós-colonialista, a importância da obra trabalhada para a promoção do letramento em sala de aula e apresentar, de acordo com os postulados de Cosson (2014), uma sequência básica para turmas de 9º ano do ensino fundamental, a partir de uma adaptação do romance Jane Eyre (1847), da escritora inglesa Charlotte Brontë. Para tanto, o aporte teórico conta com os postulados de Cosson (2014), Colomer (2007), Zilberman (2012) e Terra (2014), principalmente. No tocante à Linguística Aplicada e ao pós-colonialismo, nos fundamentamos em Moita-Lopes (2006), Dias (2011), Bonnici (2000 e 2005), Said (1994 e 2003), Kanavillil Rajagopalan (2013) e Hall (1996). Acredita-se que a proposta de intervenção aqui apresentada possa contribuir para o trabalho com textos literários. Pretende-se, acima de tudo, desconstruir alguns (pré)conceitos ainda arraigados no discurso de muitos professores, uma vez que a proposta prevê o descortinamento de questões coloniais e pós-coloniais que o texto-base da sequência didática enseja. / There are many publications in the educational context that deal with the teaching of literature. They show a challenge and, therefore, a concern of many teachers: the formation of literary readers. In this perspective, a professional of this área could ask himself/herself: would us teachers be efficient mediators in this process of forming critical readers of literature? How could we act in classes to promote literary literacy? Based on these questions and in many scholars, this research aims at finding methodological alternatives to guide teachers work as an attempt to give new meanings to the context of teachers practices, in order to help the development of students’ reading skills. Thus, this dissertation analyzes theories about teaching literature, especially about literary reading in the school context; to recognize, according to Applied Linguistics views and Postcolonialist theories, the novel that will guide our proposal of developing of literary literacy in school, according to Cosson (2014), which is a basic didatic sequence for students of the Brazilian 9th grade school year, having as the main text, the novel Jane Eyre (1847), by the English writer Charlotte Brontë. For such an enterprise, the theoreticall support will come from Cosson (2014), Colomer (2007), Zilberman (2012) and Terra (2014), among others. In relation to Applied Linguistics and Postcolonialim, Moita-Lopes (2006), Dias (2011), Bonnici (2000 e 2005), Said (1994 e 2003), Kanavillil Rajagopalan (2013) and Hall (1996). We believe that the intervention proposal here presented will be a decisive tool for the work with literary texts that can help readers (teachers and students) deconstruct some preconcepts and prejudices still present in their discourses, since we will unveil colonial and postcolonial issues that the main text bring into light.

This study takes off in is its confirmation of the result of previous research: within the population of the Seychelles, the general attitude towards the French language is negative rather than positive. Such a state of affairs is uncommon to find in postcolonial countries, where the occidental languages tend to be highly esteemed. Through qualitative interviewing of Seychellois teachers, this study examines the reasons for said negative attitudes, combining the result of the interviews with sociolinguistic and postcolonial theories on language, attitude and identity. As reasons for the negative attitudes, the study points out the lack of domains in which to make use of French, as well as inadequate identification opportunities. The colonial heritage plays an active role in the shaping of linguistic attitudes in modern day Seychelles.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Representações pós-coloniais em Ruy Duarte de Carvalho: uma leitura de Os papéis do inglês investiga a narrativa ficcional do romancista e antropólogo angolano Ruy Duarte de Carvalho, partindo do pressuposto de que a obra contém uma intricada rede discursiva em que estão confrontados os discursos colonial, pós-colonial e a crítica do modelo utópico de nação que se buscou construir, e efetivamente se construiu, em Angola após a independência. Para-lelamente a essa rede discursiva, a narrativa também se constitui de um encontro de diversas formas literárias distintas a poesia, o diário, a prosa e o ensaio etnográfico, evidenciando a complexidade do romance em questão. Tendo como base o livro de Ruy Duarte de Carvalho, abordamos a história literária e política de Angola, seu desenvolvimento, suas relações e ten-sões principalmente com o colonizador europeu, com sua história passada e, mais recente-mente, com seu período independentista, procurando evidenciar como as releituras dos discur-sos históricos e ideológicos coloniais tornaram-se um campo profícuo para o desenvolvimento de narrativas literárias que ampliam os limites da escrita no âmbito ficcional e político-ideológico. Além dos textos de Ruy Duarte de Carvalho, este trabalho foi desenvolvido utili-zando como eixo norteador textos de estudiosos da literatura angolana, como Laura Padilha, Rita Chaves e José Carlos Venâncio; teóricos que discutem a crítica pós-colonial, como An-tonio Negri, Edward Said, Stuart Hall, Russel Hamilton e Boaventura de Sousa Santos; textos históricos escritos pelo colonizador português em solo angolano, como Henrique Galvão, Ralph Delgado e José Ribeiro da Cruz; além de textos escritos por intelectuais africanos, como Aimé Césaire e Amadou Hampaté-Bá, e teóricos que analisam as relações entre antropologia e literatura, como James Clifford / Post-colonial representation in Ruy Duarte de Carvalho: A reading of Os papéis do inglês. [This dissertation] investigates the fictional narrative of Angolan novelist and anthro-pologist Ruy Duarte de Carvalho. It argues that Os papéis do inglês contains an intricate dis-cursive network which confronts colonial and post-colonial discourses, alongside a critique of the utopian model of the nation which was desired, and effectively constructed, in post-independence Angola. At the same time, the narrative is also constituted in an encounter of diverse literary forms poetry, the diary, prose, and ethnographic essay, making evident the complexity of the novel in question. Starting from Ruy Duartes book, I approach the literary and political history of Angola, its development, tensions and relations, particularly with the European colonist, its history, both ancient and recent, and its period of independency. I seek to make evident how successive re-readings of colonialist historical and ideological discourses became a rich field for the development of literary narratives that have widened the limits of writing in both the fictional and political-ideological environments. Along with Ruy Duarte de Carvalhoss writings, this work has made use of the studies of Angolan literature, such as those Laura Padilha, Rita Chaves and José Carlos Venâncio; post-colonial critics, such as Antonio Negri, Edward Said, Stuart Hall, Russel Hamilton and Boaventura de Sousa Santos; historical texts produced by Portuguese colonists in Angolan soil, such as Henrique Galvão, Ralph Delgado and José Ribeiro da Cruz; and the writings of African intellectuals, such as Aimé Césaire and Amadou Hampaté-Bá; and, finally, authors who have analysed the relations between anthropology and literature, such as James Clifford

O Mapa Invertido da América do Sul (1943) é um mapa diferente. Primeiro, porque não foi feito pelos cânones da ciência cartográfica, mas pelas mãos de um artista uruguaio, chamado Torres-García. Segundo, porque não utilizou a orientação convencional ao Norte, mas inverte o posicionamento do Sul para o topo da imagem. A presente pesquisa foi motivada pela visão de mundo diferenciada que esse mapa artístico apresenta, onde o objetivo é compreender os diversos contextos que reproduzem esse mapa, contribuindo para sua notoriedade até os dias atuais. Para tanto, é necessário entender os significados, os questionamentos e as ideologias expressas nessa inversão, pois contribuem na identificação com a obra em tempos além de sua elaboração. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa foi embasada em um exame bibliográfico de correntes de pensamento que propõem uma visão crítica sobre os processos de formação histórica do Sul global, destacavelmente o póscolonialismo e o pósdesenvolvimento. Tais subsídios teóricos auxiliam em um entendimento de mapa que seja tão plural quanto às visões de mundo podem ser, trilhando uma relação entre geopolítica, cartografia e arte / The "Inverted Map of South America" (1943) is a different map. Firstly, because it was not created by the canons of cartographic science, but by the hands of a Uruguayan artist, called Torres-García. Secondly, because it did not use the conventional orientation to the North, but reversed the Souths position to the top of the image. This paper was motivated by the different worldview this artistic map displays, where the purpose is to understand the different contexts that reproduce this map, contributing to its prominence until latterly. In order to do so it is necessary to understand the meanings, questions and ideologies expressed in this inversion, since they contribute to the recognition with this art construction to times beyond its formulation. In this sense, the research was based on a literature survey of schools of thought that propose a critical view to the historical formation process of the global South, notably postcolonialism and the postdevelopment. Such theoretical subsidies help to understand a map that is as plural as worldviews may be, treading a relationship between geopolitics, cartography and art

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:22:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cantarin_mm_dr_assis.pdf: 923817 bytes, checksum: 3c60b5ae65f0e89070482e9d6cb0733f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Eminentes profissionais das mais diversas áreas, desde teólogos até físicos teóricos têm concordado que, para que o ser humano possa adentrar uma nova etapa de seu desenvolvimento psíquico e – mais premente – para que possa frear o cataclismo ecológico anunciado, faz-se necessária a emergência de um novo paradigma civilizacional. O presente trabalho aventa a hipótese de que a obra narrativa de Mia Couto conjuga um projeto políticoideológico que sinaliza um caminho para essa nova era. Ao dar visibilidade a aspectos negligenciados pelo atual paradigma, Couto promove a ideia de que a verdade histórica sobre a qual se erigiu o mundo ocidental nada mais é que uma versão construída pelo discurso da dominação. Para além da verdade oficial, encontra-se a verdade das mulheres e crianças, dos povos colonizados, das minorias étnicas e sexuais, bem como dos demais seres que coabitam com o homem na Terra. Desconstruir pressupostos antropocêntricos, androcêntricos, eurocêntricos e heteronormativos é dar voz e vez à verdade dos seres preteridos pela histórialei-do-mais-forte. Quiçá isto estaria sensibilizando para a causa mais importante da História da humanidade: a agenda que trata da sobrevivência da própria espécie. Diante disso, o trabalho analisa um corpus de 26 narrativas à luz dos pressupostos da ecocrítica, ecosofia, feminismo e pós-colonialismo, objetivando demarcar esse hipotético leitmotiv da obra coutiana e as formas como contribuiria, num quadro mais amplo, para a conscientização e revisão do atual paradigma de morte que domina o mundo ocidentalizado / Eminent professionals from several different fields of knowledge, ranging from theologists to theoretical physicists have agreed that it is only possible for human beings to penetrate into a new level of their psychic development – and more urgently – in order to slow down the imminent ecological cataclysm, we urge the establishment of a new civilizatory paradigm. This thesis suggests the hypothesis which states that Mia Couto’s narrative works bring together a political-ideological project, which shows a path leading to this new era. By highlighting aspects neglected by the current paradigm, Couto foments the idea of which the historical truth that founded the western world is nothing but a version built by the discourse of domination. Beyond the official truth, there is the truth concerned to women and children, colonized cultures, ethnic and sexual minorities, as well as to other beings that cohabit with men on Earth. Deconstructing anthropocentric, androcentric, eurocentric and heteronormative presuppositions is to give voice and a chance for the truth of those who have been neglected by the History and survival of the most “favored men”. This could be possibly sensitizing the most important cause of mankind’s History: the agenda that deals with the survival of our own species. Thus, our study analyzes a corpus of 26 narratives enlightened by the presuppositions of ecocriticism, ecosophy, feminism and postcolonialism, intending to distinguish this hypothetical leitmotiv in Couto’s works and the ways it would contribute, in a wider scope, for the acquaintance and revision of the current paradigm of death that dominates the westernized world

abstract: The thesis I have written aims to investigate the underlying reasons why France has considered Islam as unassimilable and why it has targeted Muslim women’s bodies to force assimilation. In the first section of the thesis, I examine the colonial relationship between France and Algeria. I conclude that Algeria’s independence from France significantly influenced the negative treatment towards immigrants in postcolonial France. I then study the racist discourse that dominated French politics in the 1980s; and clarify how this has laid the foundation for the first attempt to ban the headscarves in public schools during the 1980s. The final section explores the 2004 ban on conspicuous religious symbols, a ban that significantly targeted the headscarf. I conclude that the prohibition of the headscarf undermined the rights of Muslim women and symbolized France’s inability to accept Islam, since France feared Islam’s visibility weakened a dominant French identity. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Social Justice and Human Rights 2017