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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

The protection of infant industries in SACU : the Namibian poultry industries case / Stacey Mwewa Susa

Susa, Stacey Mwewa January 2014 (has links)
The Southern Africa Customs Union was first established in 1889 between the Cape of Good Hope and the Orange Free State. It has since undergone extensive change resulting in the current 2002 Agreement which includes an institutional framework. SACU’s member states comprise of Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland. The Agreement thrives on the principle of free trade within the customs union and common external tariffs on goods entering the customs area. However, as an exception to free trade, article 25(1) of the 2002 Agreement recognises the right of a member state to prohibit the importation or exportation of any goods from its area. This may be done for economic, social, cultural or other reasons as may be agreed upon by the Council. However, article 25(3) prohibits the use of article 25(1) as a means to protect infant industries. As a further exception to free trade, article 26 of the 2002 Agreement recognises the right of all other member states, except South Africa, to protect their infant industries. The protection offered in this article is limited, because the definition of infant industry is not clear as to when the inception of such an industry must be. This causes problems with the application of article 26, especially where an industry was established, but only became operational after the expiry of eight years, or has been established for over eight years on a small scale and needs protection in order to enlarge and intensify its operations. Due to this shortfall, Namibia used its Import and Export Control Act 30 of 1994 to protect a key industry in Namibia, the poultry industry. However, according to article 25(3), this may be considered a violation, because Namibia has used its national legislation to protect an infant industry. The key finding of this study is that the protection of infant industries in SACU is not sufficient to cater for the economic needs of the member states. To this end, SACU must consider allowing national legislation to supplement and monitor infant industry protection in the member states’ areas. In addition, SACUs institutional framework, which is not fully operational at present, must be established to function fully, as this may help address some of the issues in SACU. / LLM (Import and Export Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
92

Dynamic analysis of constrained object motion for mechanical transfer of live products

Wang, Daxue 08 April 2009 (has links)
This thesis is motivated by practical problems encountered in handling live products in the poultry processing industry, where live birds are manually transferred by human labors. As the task of handling live products is often unpleasant and hazardous, it is an ideal candidate for automation. To reduce the number of configurations and live birds to be tested, this thesis focuses on developing analytical models based on the Lagrange method to predict the effect of mechanical inversion on the shackled bird. Unlike prior research which focused on the effect of different inversion paths on the joint force/torque of a free-falling shackled bird, this thesis research examines the effect of kinematic constraints (designed to support the bird body) on the shackled bird. Unlike free-falling, the imposed kinematic constraints enable the shackled bird to rotate about its center of mass, and thus minimize wing flapping. In this thesis, birds are geometrically approximated as ellipsoids while the lower extremity is modeled as a pair of multi-joint serial manipulators. With the constraint equations formulated into a set of differential algebraic equations, the equations of motion as well as Lagrange multipliers characterizing kinematical constraints are numerically solved for the bird motion, specifically the position, velocity, and orientation and hence the forces and torques of the joints. The dynamic models are verified by comparing simulation results against those obtained using a finite element method. The outcomes of this thesis will provide some intuitive insights essential to design optimization of a live-bird transfer system.
93

The impact of supply chain on sustainability of small-scale poultry farmers in Ratlou local municipality, North West province

Selaledi, Letlhogonolo Andrew 12 1900 (has links)
The aim of the study was to analyse the current supply chain in relation to the influence of suppliers, infrastructure, market, production process and distribution of products on sustainability of small-scale poultry producers at Ratlou Local Municipality, North West Province. The research also investigated how skills and knowledge of farmers contribute to sustainable operation of small-scale poultry farming, and socio-economic benefit of the farmers in the study area. All the seventy small-scale poultry producers for operating and non-operating farms or projects in the Municipality were interviewed. A structured interview was used to collect data which was captured and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 24. About 41.4 % of small-scale poultry projects were no longer operating, only 52.9 % were functional and 5.7 % were operating during certain seasons. The results of the study further revealed that 91.4 % of small-scale poultry farmers in Municipality did not know the name of the chicken breed they were using on their farms. The results reveal adequate availability of infrastructure such as access to electricity, tarred roads and telecommunication networks. The results of the Logit regression analysis revealed that the Logit coefficient estimates associated with payment level, credit availability, chick and feed suppliers made significant (p < 0.05) contribution towards sustainability of the small-scale poultry farm. The aforementioned variables may serve as bases for informed policy decisions aimed at ensuring sustainability of small-scale poultry production in the municipality. The current study identified the need for establishment for a proper integrated supply chain for small-scale poultry farmers. / Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology / M. Sc. (Agriculture)
94

Determination of optimal brining levels and effective chlorinated antimicrobials in three selected commercial poultry abattoirs of South Africa

Mashishi, Malesela Dennis 03 1900 (has links)
Two experiments were conducted to determine the optimal brining levels and effective chlorinated antimicrobials in three selected commercial poultry abattoirs of south Africa.The objective of the study was two fold: Firstly, the primary objective of the study was to determine the optimal inclusion level of brine for application in chicken processing to elongate the shelf life by reducing spoilage bacteria under refrigeration stage while the secondary objective of the study was to determine the most effective chlorinated antimicrobial to be applied in poultry processing plants to reduce spoilage bacteria. For each experiment, a complete randomized design was used. The general linear model procedure was used to determine the effects of brining and chlorine antimicrobials on the Psychrotrophic bacterial load of individually quick frozen (IQF) chicken portions. Simultaneously, a quadratic type equation was used to determine the optimal inclusion level of brine in relation to the responses of Psychrotrophic bacterial loads. The results indicated that control samples (0% brine) had higher (P < 0.05) bacterial load than all samples injected with various injection levels. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between samples injected with 15% and 20% for all major abattoirs combined. However, there were no differences (P > 0.05) between samples injected with 20% and 25% brine, respectively. In addition, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in Psychrotrophic bacterial load between the samples treated with 25% and 30% brine inclusion level as well as those treated with 30% and 35% brining levels in all abattoirs. Futhermore, the results of the study also showed that Acidified Sodium Chloride had significantly lower bacterial load than both aqueous chlorine and chlorine dioxide. However, the effect of percentage brining on average Psychotrophic bacterial count had minimum quadratic values of 24.45 – 0.517 brining + 0.805 brining2 with r = 0.995; r2= 0.989, with optimum percentage brining dose being 43.08%. By extension, the result implies that the lowest reduction in spoilage bacteria is attained at 43.08% of brine inclusion level. These findings have implications on the most effective and convenient antimicrobial to be used in chicken abatoirs as well as reduction of psychotrophic bacterial load on individually quick frozen (IQF) chicken portions / Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology / M. Sc. (Agriculture)
95

Controle, supervisão e suporte à tomada de decisões em processos avícolas / Control, supervision and support to decision making in poultry processes

Schmidt, Lucas 19 March 2018 (has links)
A produção de frangos de corte vem assumindo papel de grande importância socioeconômica para o Brasil. Para o sucesso no desenvolvimento das aves, é fundamental um controle adequado de temperatura e umidade no interior do aviário, uma vez que o conforto térmico define a relação entre o consumo de ração e a produção de carne. Os métodos atuais de controle, comumente utilizados nos aviários brasileiros, não apresentam a eficiência desejável. Apesar de existirem dispositivos semiautomáticos, esses são dependentes da percepção e da intervenção do especialista humano, o que tende a ser ineficiente e propenso a erros. Esta pesquisa propõe uma abordagem integrada de controle, supervisão e suporte à tomada de decisões para aplicação no manejo avícola. Serão analisadas duas abordagens de controle apresentadas na literatura e então será proposta uma abordagem híbrida de integração. A primeira apresenta um controlador baseado na Teoria de Controle Supervisório (TCS), capaz de observar o conjunto de eventos da planta e orquestrar os atuadores de maneira minimamente restritiva, controlável, não bloqueante e de acordo com um conjunto de especificações. A segunda trata de um modelo de aprendizagem de máquina que, através de uma Rede Neuronal Artificial (RNA), fornece planos de ação para o manejo avícola, priorizando o bem-estar das aves e a produtividade. As duas abordagens serão examinadas e em seguida integradas, fornecendo ao operador três opções de gerenciamento do processo: controle puramente lógico (TCS); controle através da estratégia de inteligência artificial (RNA); e o controle lógico integrado aos planos de ação fornecidos pelo sistema especialista. Vencida a etapa de integração, é simulada uma situação real de manejo, e obtidas as respostas para as três opções de controle. Finalmente é apresentada uma análise comparativa entre os resultados obtidos por meio de cada abordagem. / The production of broilers has assumed a role of great socioeconomic importance for Brazil. For the success in the development of the poultry, an adequate control of temperature and humidity inside the aviary is essential, since the thermal comfort defines the relation between the feed consumption and the meat production. Current control methods, commonly used in Brazilian aviaries, do not have the desired efficiency. Although there are semiautomatic devices, they are dependent on the perception and intervention of the human expert, which tends to be inefficient and prone to errors. This research proposes an integrated approach to control, supervision and support to decision making for application in poultry management. Two control approaches presented in the literature will be analyzed and a hybrid integration approach will be proposed. The first one deals with a controller based on Supervisory Control Theory (TCS), able to observe the set of events of the plant and orchestrate the actuators in a minimally restrictive, controllable, non-blocking manner and according to a set of specifications. The second concerns a machine learning model that, through an artificial neural network (RNA), provides action plans for poultry management, prioritizing poultry welfare and productivity. The two approaches will be refined and then integrated, which will provide the operator with three process management options: purely logical control (TCS); control through artificial intelligence (RNA) strategy; and the logical control integrated to the action plans provided by the expert system. Once the integration stage is over, real management situations is= simulated, and responses are obtained for the three control options. Finally, a comparative analysis is presented between the results obtained through each approach.
96

Impactos da estratégia de produto no canal de distribuição : estudo multicaso sobre o relacionamento entre a indústria avícola e o varejo

Pêgo, Luíza Santos 15 July 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2603.pdf: 592737 bytes, checksum: 8258f5df0e450dbb0df805c7af84e6eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-15 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The strategy of the marketing channel can not be formulated as there was no other itens to be explored in the marketing strategy of the companies. The variable product was chosen among the other three from the marketing mix, as it is considered the activity essence of any industry. Three large areas can be highlighted as the ones more related to the marketing channel management: new product planning and development, product life-cycle and strategies related to the product management. The proposal of this work was to analyze how the interrelation between the product questions, previously quoted, and the domestic marketing channels management of the poultry industry affect their relationship with the retail link of the channel. This industry was chosen due to its importance to the national agribusiness, as a currency generator as well as to the internal market supplying. This research restricted to study the direct relationship between large companies and large retail trade operative in Brazil, not considering the wholesalers. As a research method, it was adopted the multiple case study in the poultry industry and the retail. In loco interviews were conducted with the directors of the product and marketing areas of the poultry industry and the commercial managers of the retailers. The interviews were conducted with the use of a semistructured questionnaire, validated by researchers of different areas. This research has identified that the relationship level between the poultry industry and the retail, in the three areas studied, is unsatisfactory for the involved parts. It was veriried that the new products planning an developing areas are the ones more affected by the lack of communication between the industry and the retail. In this way, the enterprises claim to more collaborative actions of their partners, in different areas, in order to begin a cooperation process between the parts. Although they pointed out this wish, both industry and retail have not shown being motivated to take any initiative in this way. This can be explained by, mainly, the market power of both actors exhibited during the final product negotiation. / A estratégia de canal de distribuição não pode ser formulada como se não houvesse outros itens a serem explorados na estratégia de marketing das empresas. A variável produto foi escolhida entre as três variáveis do composto mercadológico, por ser considerada a essência da atividade de qualquer indústria. Destacaram-se três grandes áreas de produto como aquelas que mais se relacionam com a gestão dos canais de distribuição: planejamento e desenvolvimento de novos produtos, ciclo de vida do produto e estratégias relacionadas à gestão do produto. O propósito desta dissertação foi analisar como a inter-relação entre as questões de produto anteriormente citadas e a gestão dos canais de distribuição domésticos da indústria avícola afetam seu relacionamento com o elo varejista do canal. Essa indústria foi escolhida graças a sua importância para o agronegócio nacional, tanto na geração de divisas quanto no abastecimento do mercado interno. Outro recorte dado à pesquisa foi a limitação ao estudo das grandes indústrias e das grandes redes varejistas atuantes no Brasil, com as quais estas mantêm um relacionamento direto, sem a figura dos atacadistas. Na pesquisa de campo, foi realizado um estudo de múltiplos casos na indústria avícola e no varejo, por intermédio de entrevistas presenciais com diretores da área de produto e marketing das indústrias avícolas e gerentes da área comercial dos varejistas. As entrevistas foram realizadas com o apoio de um questionário semiestruturado, validado por pesquisadores de diferentes áreas. Como resultado da pesquisa, observou-se que o relacionamento entre a indústria avícola e o varejo, nas três áreas estudadas, se mostra insatisfatório para as partes envolvidas. Evidencia-se o planejamento e desenvolvimento de novos produtos como a área mais afetada pela falta de comunicação entre esta indústria e o varejo. Neste sentido, as empresas cobram ações mais colaborativas de seus parceiros, nas diferentes áreas, para que se possa iniciar um processo de cooperação entre as partes. Apesar de indicarem esse desejo, tanto a indústria quanto o varejo não se mostram motivados a tomar nenhum tipo de iniciativa que os leve a este resultado. Isso se deve, principalmente, a força gerada pelo poder de mercado que ambos os atores imprimem no momento da negociação dos produtos finais.
97

Variáveis de influência e proposição de índice de máxima emissão de amônia pela atividade de criação de galinhas poedeiras para o estado de Minas Gerais / Influence variables and propose of maximum ammonia emission index by the activity of laying hens for the Minas Gerais state

França, Luís Gustavo Figueiredo 21 February 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:24:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2643339 bytes, checksum: df503aa4a6cc897d8f2bd07bb0f6cac4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / New production systems for laying hens, fully automated, bring great advantage as compared with conventional production systems eggs, greater efficiency in the housing birds/m 2 . The sheds where there is this type of system can provide up to five rows of cages (alas), containing up to seven floors of overlapping cages allowing the lease of up to 120,000 birds in one aviary with approximate dimensions of 130m long by 14m wide. For these facilities, the fully mechanized system has become a trend in commercial poultry farms in Brazil posture. Minas Gerais is in leading position in the Brazilian scenario, production of chicken eggs, is the second largest egg producer in the country, yet, the state's biggest export. Effective flock of laying hens of the State in 2012 was 21.265.722 birds, about 10 % of Brazil's total herd. Due to the intensification of the production process of chicken eggs, there is a greater concentration of generation and waste coming from the birds. This fact causes major concerns with environmental issues, therefore, the rate of volatilization of ammonia formed in manure, is linked to factors such as: the pH, relative humidity and waste, ambient temperature, amount of crude protein present in ration and age of the birds. The total production of waste attributed to laying hens in Minas Gerais, is estimated at values of around 2126.6 to 2551.89 tons per day. Systems of agricultural production transform carbohydrates and vegetable proteins in milk, meat and eggs. Much of the vegetable protein ingested is excreted through urine and manure. From the compositional characteristics of the waste, combined with bacterial action and climatological variables, the mineralization of manure and nitrogen emissions in the form of ammonia to the atmosphere occurs. Two climatic factors directly affect the generation and emission of ammonia: the ambient air temperature and relative humidity. The Chapter I of this study was to characterize factors influencing ammonia emission by slurry from laying hens, as well as proposing the establishment of a maximum potential score for the emission of this gas due to laying hens, to the state of Minas Gerais. In Chapter II we sought to conduct a zoning egg producers municipalities in Minas Gerais, and construct maps with values of temperature and relative humidity of the average maximum air to the State. The results of a field study in a commercial laying farm, representative of the constructive pattern of fully mechanized vertical aviaries of Minas Gerais, where the conditions of ambient air were diagnosed in terms of concentrations of ammonia are presented in Chapter III as well as the characterization of the manure produced in mats system. / Os novos sistemas de produção para galinhas poedeiras, totalmente automatizados, trazem como grande diferencial, quando comparados com os sistemas de produção de ovos convencionais, a maior eficiência no alojamento de aves/m 2 . Os galpões onde existe este tipo de sistema podem apresentar até cinco alas de gaiolas, contendo até sete andares de gaiolas sobrepostas o que possibilita a locação de até 120.000 aves em um único aviário, com dimensões aproximadas de 130m de comprimento por 14m de largura. Por estas facilidades, o sistema totalmente mecanizado vem se tornando uma tendência nas criações de aves de postura comerciais no Brasil. Minas Gerais esta em posição de destaque no cenário brasileiro, de produção de ovos de galinha, é o segundo maior produtor de ovos no país, sendo ainda, o estado que mais exporta. O rebanho efetivo de galinhas poedeiras do Estado em 2012 era de 21.265.722 aves, cerca de 10% do rebanho total brasileiro. Devido à intensificação do processo produtivo de ovos de galinha, ocorre uma maior geração e concentração de dejetos oriundos das aves. Este fato ocasiona maiores preocupações com as questões ambientais, pois, a taxa de volatilização da amônia formada no esterco, está ligada a fatores como; o pH, teor de umidade relativa do ar e dos dejetos, temperatura ambiente, quantidade de proteína bruta presente na ração e idade das aves. A produção total de dejetos atribuídos às galinhas poedeiras, em Minas Gerais, é estimada em valores da ordem de 2.126,6 a 2.551,89 toneladas por dia. Os sistemas de produção agropecuários transformam carboidratos e proteínas de origem vegetal, em leite, carne e ovos. Boa parte da proteína vegetal ingerida é excretada através da urina e dejetos. A partir das características de composição dos dejetos, combinada às ações bacterianas e variáveis climatológicas, ocorre a mineralização do esterco e a emissão de nitrogênio, na forma de amônia, para a atmosfera. Dois fatores climáticos interferem diretamente na geração e emissão de amônia: a temperatura do ar ambiente e a umidade relativa do ar. O Capitulo I deste trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar fatores que influenciam a emissão de amônia pelos dejetos de galinhas poedeiras, bem como, propor a criação de um escore para o potencial máximo de emissão deste gás devido à criação de galinhas poedeiras, para o estado de Minas Gerais. No Capitulo II buscou-se realizar um zoneamento dos municípios produtores de ovos, em Minas Gerais, e, confeccionar mapas com valores de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar máxima médias, para o Estado. No Capitulo III são apresentados os resultados de um estudo de campo, em uma granja de postura comercial, representativa do padrão construtivo de aviários verticais totalmente mecanizados do estado de Minas Gerais, onde foram diagnosticadas as condições do ambiente aéreo, em termos de concentrações de amônia, bem como a caracterização do esterco produzido em sistema de esteiras.
98

Desenvolvimento de um sistema de controle Fuzzy para incubadora de ovos / Development of a fuzzy control system for chicken egg setter

Romanini, Carlos Eduardo Bites 13 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Nelson Luis Cappelli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T07:46:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Romanini_CarlosEduardoBites_M.pdf: 1656027 bytes, checksum: eacfb3ae714a9b008469fac75bd1149b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Dentro do complexo econômico de produção de carnes, a avicultura se constitui na atividade mais dinâmica e o Brasil possui uma das mais desenvolvidas aviculturas comerciais do mundo. Diante das atuais exigências na qualidade e segurança do produto, a moderna indústria avícola brasileira tem progredido, essencialmente pela adoção crescente de novas tecnologias. Na cadeia toda, a incubação dos ovos representa a origem do processo, pois é responsável por transformar biologicamente ovos férteis em pintos de um dia de idade. Em escala industrial, utilizam-se máquinas incubadoras para reproduzir as condições naturais de incubação das aves, objetivando elevar, ao máximo, o índice de eclosão e a qualidade de nascimento dos pintos. Porém, o desenvolvimento embrionário no interior dos ovos é substancialmente afetado pelas condições ambientais da incubadora. Os embriões não são aptos para controlar as trocas térmicas e mássicas durante a incubação; assim, as principais variáveis ambientais que exercem influência no processo, como temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, necessitam ser criteriosamente ajustadas, pois manter as condições adequadas ao redor dos ovos é um ponto crítico de controle do processo. Conhecimentos das áreas de automação e controle são capazes de influenciar positivamente o rendimento na incubação, portanto, o sistema de controle deve garantir a estabilidade operacional para as condições do processo e suas variáveis, dentro de limites desejados. O controle fuzzy é o mais adequado, para processos que apresentam não-linearidades e comportamento transiente, uma vez que descrevem numa rotina, a experiência humana para controlar o processo. Diante desse contexto, propôs-se, no presente estudo, desenvolver uma arquitetura de automação composta por um sistema de controle fuzzy, para proporcionar um controle mais preciso das variáveis de interesse na incubação. O estudo foi desenvolvido em duas etapas, sendo: 1) ensaio experimental de identificação dinâmica e modelagem matemática de uma incubadora de estágio único; e 2) simulação do processo de incubação dos ovos. Foi desenvolvido um modelo computacional da incubadora composto pela representação matemática da incubadora, pelas interações de transferência de calor e massa entre os ovos e o ambiente e, pelo sistema de inferência fuzzy utilizado para controlar o processo de incubação. A simulação proporcionou a execução de diversos cenários operacionais da incubadora, possibilitando o ajuste adequado para o sistema de controle proposto. Obteve-se, como principal resultado o comportamento ao longo do tempo das seguintes variáveis: temperatura dos ovos e do ambiente, massa dos ovos, umidade relativa do ar, produção de calor embrionária, detalhes da interação entre ovo e ambiente e as condições de atuação da incubadora estudada. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados aos valores de referência da literatura, indicando diferenças mínimas entre a temperatura dos ovos e o seu valor de referência. Os resultados relativos à massa de ovos tiveram desempenho abaixo do esperado e, para tal, o sistema de controle precisa receber ajustes. De maneira geral, foram obtidos conhecimentos técnicos mais apurados da incubação, que podem ser úteis para implementação real do sistema de controle desenvolvido. / Abstract: Within the meat production economical complex broiler production is the most dynamic activity, and Brazil has one of the world most developed commercial broiler production. Facing today's needs in terms of quality and safety of the product, modern Brazilian poultry production has improved essentially by the increasing adoption of new technologies. In the whole chain eggs incubation represents the origin of the process; as it is responsible of transforming biologically fertile eggs intone day old chicks. In the industrial scale incubator machines are used to reproduce natural bird's incubation conditions with the objective of increasing at its maximum the hatching index as well birth quality of the broilers. However, the embryonic development inside the eggs is substantially affected by the environmental conditions within the incubator. Embryos are not apt to control heat or mass exchanges during incubation; then, the main ambient variables which influence the process such as air temperature and relative humidity need to be adjusted with criterion, as maintaining the adequate conditions around the eggs is a critical control point of the process. Knowledge on the automation and control areas is able to positively influence incubator efficiency; then, the control system must warrant operational stability for the process conditions as well as its variables, within certain wanted limits. fuzzy control is the most adequate use for the processes which present non-linearity and transient behavior, since it describes in a routine the human experience for controlling the process. In this context it was proposed in the present study to develop an automation architecture composed by a fuzzy control system in order to provide more precise control of the variables that are of interest on incubation. The study was developed in two stages, being 1) and experimental trial of dynamic identification and mathematical modeling of an incubator of single stage; and 2) process simulation of eggs incubation. It was developed a computer model of the incubator built from the mathematical representation of the incubator, the interaction of the heat and mass transfer between the eggs and the environment, and by the fuzzy inference system used for controlling the incubation process. Simulation led to built up various incubators operational scenarios providing the adequate adjustment for the proposed control. It was found as main result the behavior of the following variables along the time: eggs' and ambient temperatures, eggs mass, air relative humidity, embryonic heat production, details of the eggs and ambient, and the studied incubators performing conditions. The obtained results related to eggs mass were below the expected, and for that the control system needs to be adjusted. Generally technical knowledge regarding incubation were achieved, and they may be useful for implementing a real control system. / Mestrado / Maquinas Agricolas / Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
99

O trabalho feminino na microrregião de Toledo: novas dinâmicas e reconfigurações no território a partir da instalação dos frigoríficos de aves / The female work in the Micro-region of Toledo: new dynamics and reconfigurations on the territory from the installation of poultry slaughterhouses

Becker, Juliane Regina 22 May 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:51:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_Juliane_Becker.pdf: 3717174 bytes, checksum: ccdafb873f73745dc6ff2e7aa6a8fe8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Upon observing the Brazilian work market in the last decades, it is possible to observe that a series of changes in the work organization and relationships have been occurring. These changes provide new territorial dynamics of the work, promoted mainly by the capital expansion by the appropriation of natural potentialities and the use of female work. In this sense, it has been noted that the capitalist expansion overlaps the work relationships, pointing out new ways of accumulation by worker s profiteering. Thus, upon analyzing the process of capitalist expansion engendered over the West of Paraná, it has been observed that his process has been linked to the installation of food industry, especially the presence of eight unities of meat processing. However, it has been verified that the process of capitalist expansion occurs with higher intensity in the micro-region of Toledo, due to the presence of three slaughterhouses (Copagril, C.vale and BRF Sadia) which have great representativeness in the regional and state scenarios. Based on these correlations it has been discussed issues about the strategies of capital accumulation considering the work precariousness and the use of female work. In this perspective, the present research aims to debate the reconfigurations which took place in the micro-region of Toledo, as well as to analyze the factors which fostered the women s insertion in the work market with the goal to understand their trajectories, dilemmas and difficulties / Ao observar o mercado de trabalho brasileiro nas últimas décadas é possível averiguar que vem ocorrendo uma série de alterações na organização e nas relações de trabalho. Essas transformações proporcionam novas dinâmicas territoriais do trabalho, promovidas principalmente pela expansão do capital, pela apropriação das potencialidades naturais e a utilização do trabalho feminino. Nesse sentido, constata-se que a expansão capitalista sobrepõe as relações de trabalho, apontando novas formas de acumulação por meio da exploração do trabalhador. Assim, ao analisar o processo de expansão capitalista engendrado sobre o Oeste do Paraná, constata-se que esse processo encontra-se atrelado à instalação das indústrias de alimentos, destacando a presença de oito unidades de processamento de carnes. No entanto, verificou-se que o processo de expansão capitalista ocorre com maior intensidade na Microrregião de Toledo, devido à presença de três frigoríficos (Copagril, C.vale e BRF Sadia) que possuem grande representatividade no cenário regional e estadual. Com base nessas correlações são discutidas questões pertinentes às estratégias de acumulação do capital frente à precarização do trabalho e à utilização da mão de obra feminina. Nessa perspectiva a presente pesquisa visa debater as reconfigurações que ocorreram na Microrregião de Toledo, bem como analisar os fatores que impulsionam a inserção da mulher no mercado de trabalho, visando entender suas trajetórias, dilemas e dificuldades
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Itens normativos de bem-estar animal e a produção brasileira de frangos de corte = Items of norms about animal welfare and brazilian broiler production / Items of norms about animal welfare and brazilian broiler production

Silva, Raquel Baracat Tosi Rodrigues da 21 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Irenilza de Alencar Naas / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T13:32:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_RaquelBaracatTosiRodriguesda_D.pdf: 742043 bytes, checksum: 1043db2ae5fa35bde37fa4ea48edba82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Os últimos trinta anos no Brasil foram marcados por uma avicultura intensiva, que alcançou os atuais níveis produtivos através da utilização de tecnologias avançadas, atingido um máximo de desempenho e se transformando em uma atividade altamente produtiva, especializada e industrializada. A aquisição de conhecimentos específicos das áreas de nutrição, genética e manejo, permitiu que índices positivos fossem alcançados, juntamente com os conhecimentos adquiridos relacionados à sanidade e alojamento. Grande parte da produção avícola é destinada à exportação, seja em carcaça ou sob a forma de corte específica, necessitando atender a determinadas demandas internacionais. Muitas dessas demandas estão baseadas em normas e legislações dissociadas da realidade brasileira, requerendo a necessária adaptação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a seleção de conteúdo para normas de bem-estar animal para produção de frangos de corte, atendendo às condições brasileiras, visando características de exportação, a fim de se encontrar consonâncias com normas internacionais e, sendo assim, padronizar as normas e legislações de alojamento brasileiras. Um questionário, com perguntas sobre bem-estar animal ao consumidor foi enviado ao público consumidor em geral, também incluindo pessoas envolvidas com bem-estar e pesquisadores, de forma a ter-se um retorno de 200 questionários, para se colher informações sobre a questão do bem-estar animal. Os principais manuais de guias práticos europeus e americanos foram estudados e avaliados. O sistema de comparação estabelecido foi baseado em escores (notas), sendo aplicadas notas de 1 a 5 (muito ruim a muito bom) em função da existência de manuais e suas normas para cada país (Brasil e EUA) e/ou bloco econômico (UE), para cada tipo de exigência, relativas ao nível de consciência do aplicador da norma aos problemas enfrentados. Foi aplicada a análise comparativa da média dos escores das normas utilizadas nos manuais. Para a seleção dos itens normativos, foi utilizado o Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) para, a partir de determinados critérios selecionar itens apropriados dessas normas e, finalmente, a partir dos resultados, foram propostas normas adaptadas para as condições brasileiras / Abstract: The last thirty years in Brazil have been known by an intensive poultry industry which has reached the current production levels through the use of advanced technologies, achieving a maximum performance and becoming highly productive, specialized and industrialized. The achievement of know-how in the areas of nutrition, genetics and management enabled positive results that were achieved together with the knowledge related to health and rearing. Moreover, most of the poultry production is exported, either in carcass or in specific cuts, to attend certain international demands. Many of these demands are based on standards and legislation dissociated from the Brazilian reality, and requiring the necessary adaptation. This study aimed to develop standards contents for animal welfare applied in broiler production with regard to the rearing conditions in Brazil, aiming to meet export standards, to find consonance with international standards norms, and, therefore, to standardize the Brazilian rearing rules. A questionnaire was developed with questions related to animal welfare to near two thousand consumers in general, also including those involved with welfare and researchers, in such way to have a return of near 200 questionnaires to gather information about the welfare issue. The good European and American guidelines practices were studied and evaluated. The established system of comparison was based on given scores varying from 1-5 (very bad to very good) as function of norms and guidelines existence for each country (Brazil and EUA) and economic block (EU); for each type of requirement, relative to the consciousness of the writer to the specific problem. The comparative analysis was applied to the scores average of the standards norms used at the guidelines. The study used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the practicality of implementing these standards and, finally, from the results, the normative scenario adapted to Brazilian conditions will be reached / Doutorado / Construções Rurais e Ambiencia / Doutora em Engenharia Agrícola

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