Den här uppsatsen är en fenomenologisk studie av sexism inom fallskärmshoppning. Från ett genusvetenskapligt perspektiv är det viktigt att belysa genusnormer i olika institutioner i samhället. Tidigare forskning visar att det saknas en mer djupgående analys av kvinnors upplevelser av fenomenet sexism inom sporten fallskärmshoppning. Undersökning ämnar därför att synliggöra hur kvinnliga licensierade fallskärmshoppare upplever kulturen inom sporten samt vilka strategier de använder sig av. Jag har utfört fem semi-strukturerade intervjuer med aktiva kvinnliga fallskärmshoppare för att kartlägga fenomenet. I analyserandet av materialet har två huvudteman identifierats, sexism på hopplatsen samt strategier. De teorier som har använts är hegemonisk maskulinitet och ambivalent sexism teori. Studien visar att fallskärmshoppningskulturen genomsyras av en hegemonisk maskulinitet vilket exemplifierar maktförhållanden mellan män och kvinnor. Fallskärmshoppning är ett litet mansdominerat sammanhang med starka maskulinitetsnormer men kan även spegla andra institutioner. / This thesis is a phenomenological study of sexism in skydiving. From a gender studies perspective it is important to shed light on gender norms in various institutions in society. Previous research shows that there is a lack of a more in-depth analysis of women's experiences of the phenomenon of sexism in the sport of skydiving. The survey therefore aims to emphasize how female licensed skydivers experience the culture in the sport and what strategies they employ. I have conducted five semi-structured interviews with active female skydivers to underline the phenomenon. In the analysis of the material, two main themes have been identified, sexism at the dropzone and strategies. The theories that have been used are hegemonic masculinity and ambivalent sexism theory. The study shows that the skydiving culture is permeated by a hegemonic masculinity, which exemplifies power relations between men and women. Skydiving is a small male-dominated context with strong masculinity norms but can also reflect other institutions. / <p>2022-06-02</p>

Denna uppsats är en kvalitativ studie där textanalys görs på böckerna Emil i Lönneberga (1963), Nya hyss av Emil i Lönneberga (1966) och Än lever Emil i Lönneberga (1970). Syftet är att undersöka vilka maktrelationer mellan vuxna och barn som kommer till uttryck i de tre böckerna om Emil i Lönneberga. Det didaktiska syftet är att undersöka om dessa böcker skulle fungera att använda sig av i arbetet med värdegrundsfrågor som rör makt, i lågstadiet. Metoden som används är kvalitativ textanalys där karaktär, händelse och miljö utifrån Maria Nikolajevas bok Barnbokens byggklossar (2017b) beskriver vilka maktrelationer som kan utläsas i litteraturen. Slutsatsen av analysen är att makt existerar i alla relationer vi studerat och att den sätts i rörelse beroende på karaktär, händelse och miljö. Och vi anser därför att utvalda händelser utifrån de tre böckerna om Emil i Lönneberga kan användas i ett värdegrundsarbete som berör maktfrågor. Den didaktiska diskussionen belyser hur detta arbete kan se ut i undervisningssammanhang.

This research explores the role of al-Hakkamat rural women poets in the context of armed conflict in Darfur, from 1980s to 2006. Utilising QSR NVivo7 software, the study analyses and interprets qualitatively collected data in the light of the posed research questions. Processes and attributes leading to the identification of al-Hakkamah, such as her singing and composing talents, are explored - from identifying and nurturing to fully constructing her role as a folk singer and agitator as well as a powerful social actor. Her nurtured personal and social identities reconstruct for her gender roles that are found to be both feared and revered by the community and appropriated by the government. She is found to respond effectively to situations ranging from gallantry (lauding), solidarity (lobbying) to downright belligerency (inciting). These roles exhibit robust and proactive gender roles and power relations in Darfur that enable women, not without historical precedence, to exercise their own identity, agency and political influence in an otherwise overwhelmingly patriarchal society. The study also reveals that the conflict of Darfur is rooted in the history of the neopatrimonial domestic politics pursued by the riverine ruling elites, marked by systemic failure to manage resource issues equitably between tribal and ethnic entities in Darfur. In such circumstances, al-Hakkamat agency is either volunteered or enlisted in the attempt to secure an advantage. In either case her agency is verifiably seen to bolster the hypothesis that rural women in Darfur exercise more power than their counterparts in rural northern Sudan. / Gordon Memorial College Trust Fund

Abstract This dissertation reports on the findings of a study that set out to examine how discourses of ableism, racism and colonialism shape Canadian immigration policies, and settlement practices. This research examined how these discourses contribute to constructing immigration applicants with disabilities as an inadmissible social group. With a focus directed to the application process as a key knowledge gap in the intersection of disability and immigration, I launched this study with the aim of answering the following main research question: “How do discourses of ableism, racism and colonialism construct immigration applicants with disabilities? Through a critical discourse analysis study of official Citizenship and Immigration documents as well as episodic interviews with 23 participants (immigrants with disabilities, family members, and service providers), findings demonstrate the importance of understanding immigration as a continuum from pre-application to settlement. I argue that the immigration process is shaped and defined by central discourses that construct immigration as an opportunity for a better life through which ableist, racist and colonial discourses are reflected and reinforced. Social workers and other helping professionals involved in settlement services for immigrants with disabilities play significant roles in how discourses of opportunity are actualized and materialized. The dissertation ends with implications for critical research, theory and social work practice. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Lay Abstract This study looked at the ways in which immigration and disability intersect and what this means for social work practice, policy and research. Through a Critical Discourse Analysis of official immigration documents and interviews with immigrants with disabilities, family members and service providers, the study examined the pre-application and application stages of immigration, as well as settlement issues. The main finding of the study is that discourses of opportunity are central in shaping these stages, while reinforcing ableism, racism and colonialism. Implications for future research, policy and practice are laid out to push for a social work role that moves beyond applying oppressive policies and practices to being more in line with principles of social justice.

This thesis aims at providing a literature review of the academic debate regarding the use of childhood iconography in the humanitarian sector. This topic is not new and has been broadly discussed by academics since decades. Therefore, by using the alreadyexisting literature on the subject, this paper provides an in-depth understanding of the main arguments and controversies that have been made regarding the use of such images in the humanitarian field. In order to do so, it analyzes two famous pictures which produced considerable discussion in the research field: “The Struggling Girl” taken by Kevin Carter in South Sudan, in 1993 and “Alan Kurdi” photographed on a Turkish beach by Nilüfer Demir, in 2015. Overall, the study of the discourses generated by these two photographs exemplifies the diverging opinions of scholars on the topic and sheds light on the power relations and stigmas that persist within the humanitarian sector.

From 1613 to 1623, the English East India Company (EIC) maintained a trading post at Hirado, Japan. This trading post was one of the first that the EIC established, and because England was far from the empire it would one day become, Company members had to adjust to local customs and respect the laws of Japan in order to conduct business there. Among the many adaptations the EIC factors underwent, frequent visits to the Tokugawa shogun’s court were required of the EIC. This thesis will investigate the EIC’s journeys to the shogun’s court as well as its time at court to study the way in which the English interacted with the Japanese and conformed to Japanese society. This thesis will also discuss practices of gift giving in which the English participated. This study uses the diary of Richard Cocks, the head of the Hirado trading post, to focus on the period between 1615 and 1622. Alison Games’s concept of “cosmopolitanism” and Sanjay Subrahmanyam’s concept of “connected histories” frame this study to demonstrate how England’s and the EIC’s relatively weak status at the beginning of the seventeenth century required EIC members to assimilate into Japanese society. The EIC’s experiences while traveling through Japan, visiting the shogun’s court, and exchanging gifts emphasized the power difference between the EIC and the Tokugawa shogunate and other high-ranking Japanese. The policies the shogunate enforced to strengthen its authority and prevent rebellions also required the EIC to demonstrate their subservience to the shogun’s power, which affected the Company’s ability to trade. Since the English did not hold the authority to make demands of the shogun, they were forced to abide by the laws and customs of the land, which only further served to emphasize their subordinate position to the shogunate.

How people in a city should be governed has been discussed since ancient philosophy. The complexity of today's society can no longer be govern without the co-operations of actors. In recent years the shift from government to governance has created new governance spaces. These spaces in which citizens are invited by the state open up opportunities for actors in communities to participate. But at the same time, research on community-focused initiatives suggests that these spaces are created and defined by the state and therefore have little room for citizens to influence over revitalize plans of their areas. This thesis investigates a new tool and approach in the governance of urban development, which includes networks of actors and citizens' involvement, to see results of citizens' participation in the partnership and case BID Sofielund. The thesis wants to find out whether BID Sofielund allows the residents to have any influence, focusing on the network's professional actors views of citizens participation. To answer the study's research aim, the theoretical framework is largely based on a model called “Arnstein's ladder”, that describes gradations of citizen participation. The theory about citizen participation in the context of power and powerlessness between authorities and citizens helps us to understand what levels of participation there are in the BID model. BID Sofielund is an example of a challenge in urban development when it explains that it wants to involve all parties in the process. BID is committed to give the community greater influence over policy making. However, the case study enables us to identify that there is a consultancy model in BID Sofielund according to Arnstein's ladder. It concludes that current policies in the BID model will need to address a number of important obstacles to community involvement in order to find ways of reconciling BIDs intention to give local people greater influence. The findings of this research, however, show that residents through the BID process can be able to influence and it indicates that it may be an opening for the residents to gain more power and "climbing on the ladder".

No / The Silences Framework and its underpinning concept of ‘Screaming Silences’ was originally presented with the invitation for further peer review and utilisation in other contexts in order to test its usefulness and enable critique by a wider audience. This paper reports the use of the framework in a study researching nurse-led interventions for released ex-offenders. Screaming Silences were situated in how an issue, as experienced by ex-offenders, screams out to them in relation to their health and its impact on their reality while remaining silent in the consciousness of society and the application of practice. In addressing these Screaming Silences, we associated the Silences Framework within marginal discourses as they are less prioritised by policy and frequently positioned as far removed from what society considers as normal. Screaming Silences were situated in the subjective experiences of ex-offenders known as the ‘listener’ and the social and personal context in which these experiences occurred. We affirmed that the framework is ideally suited for researching issues which are under-researched, silent from policy discourse and excluded from practice, as it is oriented towards exploring individual experiences by valuing individual interpretations of events.

This study aims to highlight the power dynamics in the interaction between social workers specialized in working with people with disabilities and clients with disabilities, as well as how these social workers use themselves to manage these power differences. The study was conducted using a qualitative method where six social workers from three different municipalities were interviewed through semi-structured interviews. The empirical material was then analyzed using thematic analysis. The results are presented and analyzed with the support of selected theoretical frameworks, and the findings are further discussed in relation to previous studies. The results of this study show that the informants are aware of the power perspective in their interactions with clients, as well as the challenges and beneficial factors identified to attempt to create a more equal relationship in meetings with clients. The study demonstrates how the informants use their room for manoeuvre to improve a safe atmosphere, implement individual adjustments, and apply helping aids in their meetings. The results also show that informants experience challenges in influencing power differences towards a more equal relationship—where complexities in role distribution, difficulties in building relationships with clients, and varying degrees of participation affect the interactions. The challenges also include individual difficulties in using and managing the room for manouevre that the social workers possess. / Denna studie belyser maktrelationen i mötet mellan LSS-handläggare och klienter med funktionsnedsättning, samt hur LSS-handläggare använder sig själva för att hantera dessa maktskillnader. Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ metod där sex LSS-handläggare från tre olika kommuner intervjuades genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Det empiriska materialet analyserades sedan med hjälp av en tematisk analys. Resultatet redovisas och analyseras med stöd av valda teoretiska utgångspunkter, vidare diskuteras resultatet i förhållande till tidigare forskning. Resultatet av denna studie visar att deltagande LSS-handläggare är medvetna om maktperspektivet i mötet med klienter, samt vilka utmaningar och främjande faktorer som identifierats för att försöka skapa en mer jämlik relation i mötet. Studien visar på hur informanterna använder sitt handlingsutrymme för att främja en trygg atmosfär, genomföra individuella anpassningar samt tillämpningar av hjälpmedel i mötet. Resultatet visar även att informanter upplever utmaningar för möjligheterna att påverka maktskillnader i mötet till en mer jämlik relation - där en komplexitet i rollfördelningen, svårigheter att bygga relation med klienten och varierande grad av delaktighet påverkar mötet. Utmaningarna utgör även individuella svårigheter med att använda och förvalta det handlingsutrymme som handläggare besitter.

The concept of participation seems to reflect in most development programmes that involve people at the grassroots level. In Ghana, the introduction of the decentralization programme in the late 1980s that aimed at promoting effective, comprehensive and rapid development, more especially in the rural areas also adopted participatory approach. The approach led to the introductory of district assembly system which was to enhance the involvement of people at the grassroots in participatory activities. However, since the introduction of the decentralisation system to promote grassroots level participation, the people are still inactive and the level of involvement in development decision-making still remains weak. To clearly understand these problems, the thesis has aimed at answering the following research questions; how are rural people involved in participatory practice in the development activities in their area; what barriers affect and hinder the active participation of rural people and how could these be addressed? Answers to those questions helped to examine the nature of participation at the grassroots level; understand how the district assembly adopt participatory practice and to ascertain the nature of barriers that hinder effective participatory practice. Using a case study approach for the investigation, an interpretivists and constructivists were the philosophical underpinnings of the investigation. The data was gathered through the use of focus group discussions and one-to-one informal interviews. It was observed that, participation continues to reflect in most rural development programmes, but there are key barriers that still continue to hamper the effectiveness of participatory practice. Power relations, threats, intimidations and more especially the use of juju and witchcraft which never featured in most development literature are among the major barriers that continue to weaken local people readiness to actively participate. Most rural people feel threaten to participate for the fear of being bewitched or killed through the use of juju, witchcraft or black magical powers. Without critically and effectively addressing those bottlenecks and barriers, and put community members at the pivot of decision-making, the use of outsiders' knowledge and ideas alone to address the problems of participation with the hope of improving the lives of the rural people will not yield any significant result.