Syfte: Var att beskriva vilka faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskans tillämpning av evidensbaserad kunskap om trycksår i omvårdnaden. Metod: Litteraturstudie med deskriptiv design, utfördes utifrån två kvalitativa, sju kvantitativa samt en vetenskaplig artikel med en kombination av ansatser. Vetenskapliga artiklar publicerade mellan åren 2002 till 2012 söktes i databasen Cinahl. Resultat: Sjuksköterskans tillämpning av evidensbaserad kunskap i omvårdanden av trycksår, påverkades av attityder, kunskapsnivå samt den organisatoriska struktur som råder på arbetsplatsen. Sjuksköterskan som medverkat i special utformad utbildning eller som arbetar aktivt med kvalitetsförbättringsarbete har uppvisat en förbättrad kunskapsnivå. Vilket tillsammans med en positiv attityd medför en god förutsättning till en förbättrad följsamhet, gällande tillämpning av evidensbaserad kunskap i omvårdnaden av trycksår. Dock förekommer bristfällig, inadekvat såväl som föråldrad kunskap hos en mindre population sjuksköterskor. Vilket medför att en del sjuksköterskor använder sig av preventiva interventioner som är kontraindicerade och ineffektiva, vilka gällande riktlinjer avråder från och som saknar vetenskaplig förankring. Slutsats: Graden av kunskap är generellt högre än graden av implementering gällande prevention och behandling av trycksår. En god attityd, kunskapsnivå samt stöd från organisationen i form av kvalitetsförbättring, som till exempel specialutformad utbildning genererar en förbättrad följsamhet av evidensbaserad kunskap. / Purpose: Was to describe the factors that affect nurse's application of evidence-based knowledge of pressure ulcers in nursing care. Method: A literature review with a descriptive design‏, was conducted, based on two qualitative, seven quantitative and a scientific article with a multi methods approach. Scientific articles published between the years 2002 to 2012 was sought in the database Cinahl. Findings: Nurses' application of evidence-based knowledge in nursing care of pressure ulcers, are influenced by the attitudes, knowledge, and the organizational structure that exists in the workplace. Nurses who participated in specially designed educational programs or who have worked actively with quality improvement work exhibited enhanced level of knowledge. This together with a positive attitude leads to a good prerequisite to improved adherence, of the existing evidence-based knowledge in the care of pressure ulcers. However, there is insufficient, inadequate as well as outdated knowledge in a minor population of nurses. This means that some nurses use preventive interventions that are contraindicated, ineffective, and without scientific foundation, which the current guidelines advise against. Conclusion: The level of knowledge is generally higher than the level of implementation regarding pressure ulcers. A good attitude, knowledge and support from the organization in terms of quality, such as specially designed educational programs, generate an improved adherence of evidence-based knowledge.

Modern operating systems should be extensible and flexible. This means that the operating system should be able to accept new behaviour and change existing behaviour without too much trouble and that it should ideally also be able to do this without any, or very little, downtime. Furthermore, during the past years the importance of the network has increased drastically, creating a demand for operating systems to function in a distributed environment. To achieve this flexibility and distribut-edness, I have designed and evaluated ABOS, an Agent-Based Operating System. ABOS uses agents to solve all the tasks of the operating system kernel, thus moving away from traditional monolithic kernel structures. Early results show that I have gained in flexibility and modularity, creating a fault-tolerant distributed operating system that can adapt and be adapted to almost any situa-tion with negligible decrease in performance. Within ABOS some tasks has been designed further, and there exists a demonstration of how the agent-based filesystem might work.

This thesis explores potential participatory approaches suitable for a municipal energy planning context. It also analyses the possibility of using those approaches in energy planning processes in ten Swedish municipalities. Swedish municipal energy plans display differences in terms of quality, comprehensiveness and implementation. According to participation literature, planning processes can be improved by stakeholder participation. This study was carried out in four steps: creation of a theoretical framework, survey investigating the municipal energy planners’ views on participation, relating the planners’ views with the theoretical framework and creating suggestions for which participatory approaches to use in the municipalities. Participatory approaches found in literature were categorised into: democracy based, social learning and policy driven participation. Literature states that stakeholder participation should be done as early as possible in a process, but findings from the survey show that those municipalities that have come furthest in their planning process are the ones most interested in stakeholder participation. Indicating that energy planning processes need to gain a sense of maturity before it is even possible to think about involving other stakeholders. Another result shows differences in objectives, central values and targeted stakeholders between the different municipalities. One conclusion from this thesis is the importance for municipalities to understand their objectives for stakeholder participation, since objectives partly determines what kind of participatory approach that will be suitable to use in a given situation.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arlete Aparecida Oliveira de Almeida.pdf: 10509524 bytes, checksum: 20d19b84dd3fa845c5ebd5c3d34c1fa2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This assignment broaches curriculum of Mathematic in high school, intending to analyze the occurrence of Mathematic when it emphasizes the practical application, focused on its theory production. Considering that in the recently discussions about this subject, there is a tendency in the official orientation, educational material and possibly in the class practice, to give priority to a mathematic with emphasis on practical application. This assignment s goal is to collect arguments that support the proposals that defend Mathematic in its purest and speculative way or in its application as an essential criterion to be taught. With this concerning, we have analyzed documents of the official, national and state curriculum, course books, and produced material considering the project Construction of the Learning and the curriculum innovation implement in Mathematic in the High School level , in what our research takes part. We have chosen two representative texts of this polarization: the Lawrence Shirley s, that emphasizes the utilitarian characteristic of the contemporary Mathematic, contributing to a more broad view of its application and the Godfrey Harold Hardy s, requiring a different view, where he says that the pure Mathematic is, in general, much more useful than the practical one, emphasizing that the most useful is the technique of the Mathematic. We have added Ole Skovsmose to the debate, for his contributions in the Mathematic critical area, essential part to complement the reflections around the Mathematic to be taught to the students. Faced with the results analysis, we have concluded that the Mathematic curriculum to the high school level needs to have a clear direction, because each choice will be reflected in the future, socially and on the individual that will be formed. The clarity of the high school courses will certainly provide the production possibilities of the curriculum to the high school level / Este trabalho aborda currículos de Matemática no Ensino Médio buscando analisar a predominância da Matemática voltada para aplicações práticas ou da Matemática focalizada nas suas produções teóricas, tendo em vista que nas discussões mais recentes sobre o tema parece haver uma tendência nas orientações oficiais, nos materiais didáticos e possivelmente nas práticas de sala de aula de priorizar a matemática com ênfase nas aplicações prática. O objetivo deste trabalho é o de buscar argumentos que sustentam as propostas que defendem a Matemática na sua forma mais pura e especulativa ou nas suas aplicações como critério essencial para que seja ensinada. Com tais preocupações, analisamos documentos curriculares oficiais, nacionais e estaduais, livros didáticos e materiais elaborados no âmbito do projeto Construção de trajetórias hipotéticas de Aprendizagem e implementação de inovações curriculares em Matemática no Ensino Médio , em que nossa pesquisa se insere. Escolhemos dois textos bem representativos dessa polarização, sendo o de Lawrence Shirley que coloca ênfase no caráter utilitário da Matemática contemporânea, contribuindo para se ter uma visão mais ampla de suas aplicações e o de Godfrey Harold Hardy, postulando uma visão diferente, na qual ele defende que a matemática pura é no geral, muito mais útil do que a aplicada, ressaltando que o mais útil é a técnica da matemática. Agregamos ao debate, Ole Skovsmose, por suas contribuições no terreno da Matemática crítica, ingrediente fundamental para complementar as reflexões em torno da matemática a ser ensinada aos estudantes. Mediante a análise dos resultados, concluímos que os currículos de Matemática para o Ensino Médio precisam ter um direcionamento claro, pois cada escolha terá reflexo no futuro, socialmente e no indivíduo a ser formado. A clareza dos rumos do ensino Médio é que irá proporcionar as possibilidades de elaboração dos currículos para o Ensino Médio

No description available.

Artificiell intelligens (AI) har blivit en central del av utvecklingen hos moderna organisationer, med potential att förändra arbetssätt och öka effektivitet och konkurrenskraft. Generativ AI, som skapar innehåll baserat på mönster i befintliga data, har snabbt utvecklats och väckt stor uppmärksamhet i olika branscher. Trots dess potential för kunskapsarbete används det fortfarande inte i stor utsträckning inom organisationer. Med fokus på individuellt lärande och kunskapsdelning, strävar denna fallstudie efter att bidra med insikter om hur kunskap om generativ AI uppstår och sprids för att främja innovationens integrering i kunskapsarbete. Den teoretiska referensramen baseras på relevanta artiklar om generativ AI i kunskapsarbete och traditionell litteratur om lärande och kunskapsdelning i organisationer. Som ram för analysen används en modell för kunskapsomvandling, som utgår från fyra processer genom vilka kunskap utvecklas: socialisering, externalisering, kombinering och internalisering. Dessa skapar en dynamisk kunskapsspiral där individer inom organisationen interagerar, reflekterar, tar del av och tillämpar kunskap. Studien undersöker hur denna kunskapsspiral drivs framåt och hur generativ AI som kunskapsområde skiljer sig från andra innovationer. För att utforska detta används en interpretativ forskningsfilosofi och kvalitativ ansats. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer, observationer och enkätundersökning, samlades data in för att bilda en förståelse. Med en iterativ process mellan litteratur och empiri strävar studien efter att bidra till vidare teoriutveckling inom området och praktisk tillämpning i kunskapsarbete. Studien bidrar till en fördjupad förståelse för hur olika initiativ kring kunskap om generativ AI bidrar till lärande och användning av tekniken. Den konstaterar att lärande om generativ AI främst sker på individnivå och är drivet av inre motivation och nyfikenhet att experimentera. Organisationen stödjer lärandet genom viss möjliggörande styrning, men brist på möjligheter att tillämpa kunskapen i det dagliga arbetet kan hindra individens deltagande och därigenom begränsa kunskapsspridningen. Sammantaget är experimenterande centralt för lärandet om generativ AI, dels på grund av dess breda användningsområden och arbetssätt och hur de utvecklas med tiden, dels på grund av variationen i kunskapsarbete. Det finns därmed ett behov av fokus på att främja kombinering, där experimenterandet börjar, och internalisering, där kontinuerligt experimenterande bildar tyst kunskap. Vidare ger studien rika exempel på hur generativ AI används i praktiken, vilket kan inspirera andra kunskapsintensiva verksamheter att utnyttja tekniken. / Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a central part of development in modern organizations, with the potential to change workflows and increase efficiency and competitiveness. Generative AI, which generates content based on patterns in existing data, has rapidly evolved and gained significant attention across industries. Despite its potential for knowledge work, it is not yet widely utilized within organizations. Focusing on workplace learning and knowledge sharing, this case study aims to provide insights into how knowledge about generative AI emerges to promote its adoption in knowledge work. The theoretical framework is based on relevant articles on generative AI in knowledge work and traditional literature on workplace learning and knowledge management. The analysis is based on a model of knowledge creation consisting of four processes through which knowledge develops: socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization. These processes create a dynamic knowledge spiral representing how members of the organization interact, reflect, share, and apply knowledge. The study investigates how the knowledge spiral is driven forward and how knowledge about generative AI differs from other innovations. An interpretative research philosophy and qualitative approach are employed, using semi- structured interviews, observations, and a survey to gather data and form an understanding. Through iterating between literature and empirical data, the study aims to contribute to further theory development and practical application in knowledge work. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of how various initiatives regarding knowledge about generative AI contribute to learning and use of the technology. It suggests that learning about generative AI primarily occurs at the individual level and is driven by internal motivation and curiosity to experiment. The organization supports learning through certain enabling governance, but a lack of opportunities to apply the knowledge in daily work can hinder participation and limit knowledge dissemination. Overall, experimentation is central to learning about generative AI, partly due to its broad applications and approaches and how they evolve over time, and partly due to the variation in knowledge work. Therefore, there is a need to focus on promoting combination, where experimentation begins, and internalization, where continuous experimentation forms tacit knowledge. The study also provides rich examples of how generative AI is used in practice, which can inspire other knowledge- intensive organizations to leverage the technology.

Our planet is facing a socio-ecological crisis in which we are failing to meet the basic needs of the people in our society whilst living within the planetary boundaries. This has brought about the need to reassess the general approach to economic policy and thus the emergence of an alternative perspective, namely Doughnut economics. The Doughnut provides a framework consisting of a social foundation of well-being and an ecological ceiling of planetary boundaries, between which is a safe and just space for all. This framework has been applied in urban planning worldwide since its emergence in 2017 but still lacks practical implementation. This thesis sheds light on an urban development project in the municipality of Tomelilla in Sweden with the intention of implementing the Doughnut.   Through a case study, the first phase of the project which constitutes a Masterplan is reviewed. This study consists of a document analysis as well as several interviews. The thesis shows that the application of the Doughnut in the Masterplan encounters several difficulties. The encounter between the Doughnut and practical reality has been identified as one of the fundamental challenges. This challenge is rooted in a more radical move into the Doughnut which faces constraints in regulations and laws as well as the receptivity of society and the construction industry. In addition, the model lacks guidelines to guide trade-offs between social and ecological aspects. As a result of these challenges, it is concluded that the masterplan cannot be implemented within the framework of the Doughnut model. It is however observed that the model should be seen as a tool for approaching the Doughnut as well as for promoting sustainability, rather than seeing the Doughnut as an end state. The visual strength and apparent simplicity of the model has been highlighted as a contributing factor to the model's ability to constitute a tool for communication with the capacity to promote discussion, dialog and new ways of thinking about complex issues. Finally, due to the model's ability to visually communicate 21 different social and ecological aspects in a simple and clear way, our thesis argues that the Doughnut encourages a holistic and sustainable way of thinking. Thus, the application of the Doughnut in urban planning can promote the development of sustainable cities. / Vår planet står inför en socioekologisk kris inom vilken vi misslyckas med att tillgodose människors basala rättigheter och behov. Detta samtidigt som vi tär på planetens resurser och överskrider de planetära gränserna.  Detta har lett till ett behov av att omvärdera det allmänna synsättet på ekonomisk politik och därmed framväxten av ett alternativt perspektiv, nämligen munkmodellen. Munkmodellen utgör ett ramverk bestående av en social grund av välbefinnande och ett ekologiskt tak av planetära gränser, mellan dessa återfinns ett säkert och rättvist utrymme för alla. Detta ramverk har tillämpats inom stadsplanering över hela världen sedan dess uppkomst år 2017, men präglas fortfarande av en bristande praktisk implementering. Denna uppsats behandlar ett stadsutvecklingsprojekt i Tomelilla kommun i Sverige med avsikt att implementera munkmodellen.   Genom en fallstudie granskas den första fasen av projektet, vilken utgörs av en masterplan. Denna fallstudie består av en dokumentanalys samt ett flertal intervjuer. Uppsatsen vittnar om att tillämpningen av munkmodellen i masterplanen möter flera svårigheter. Munkmodellens möte med den praktiska verkligheten har identifierats som en av de grundläggande utmaningarna. Detta då en mer radikal förflyttning in i munken möter begränsningar i såväl regleringar och lagar som mottagligheten i samhället och byggbranschen. Dessutom saknar modellen riktlinjer för att vägleda avvägningar mellan sociala- och ekologiska aspekter. Som ett resultat av dessa utmaningar konstateras att masterplanen inte kan genomföras inom munkmodellens ramar.​​ Däremot konstateras att modellen bör ses som ett verktyg för att närma sig munken och främja hållbarhetsarbete, snarare än att se munken som ett slutgiltigt tillstånd. Modellens visuella styrka och skenbara enkelhet har lyfts som en bidragande faktor till modellens förmåga att utgöra ett kommunikationsverktyg med kapacitet att främja diskussion, dialog och nya tankesätt kring komplexa frågor. På grund av Munkmodellens förmåga att visuellt kommunicera 21 olika sociala- och ekologiska aspekter på ett enkelt och tydligt sätt argumenterar slutligen vår uppsats för att munkmodellen uppmuntrar till ett holistiskt och hållbart sätt att tänka. Därmed kan munkmodellens tillämpning i stadsplanering främja utvecklingen av hållbara städer.

Cette thèse se veut une contribution à la recherche en éducation musicale en France. Elle est ancrée dans le domaine de l’enseignement spécialisé de la direction de chœur et aborde les pratiques de l’élève et de l’enseignant dans leur interdépendance, à travers l’analyse d’une situation réelle d’enseignement-apprentissage du geste de direction musicale. La recherche traite spécifiquement le travail de l’enseignant et tente de mettre en lumière le rôle de ce dernier dans la construction des savoir-faire liés à un élément technique particulier :« la levée ». Il s’agit de mettre en évidence la manière dont l’enseignant structure le cours, et les aménagements qu’il opère, en termes de « milieu » pour accompagner l’élève vers les connaissances visées. / This thesis has the purpose investing in the research of musical education in France. It isfocused on specialised teaching for choir conductors and hence studies the practicesundertaken by both the student and the teacher interdependently, by analysing the conductinggestures in a real teaching-learning situation. The research specifically takes an interest in theteacher's work, and seeks to highlight the role of the latter in the building of knowledge linkedto a particular technical element: « the upbeat ». Of particular importance is the way in whichthe teacher structures the lessons, organises the layout, in terms of “the environment” in orderto direct the students towards targeted learning.

Aujourd'hui c'est un fait, nous vivons dans un monde où les enjeux écologiques, économiques et sociétaux sont de plus en plus pressants. Au croisement des différentes lignes directrices envisagées pour répondre à ces problèmes, une vision plus précise de la mobilité humaine est un axe central et majeur, qui a des répercussions sur tous les domaines associés tels que le transport, les sciences sociales, l'urbanisme, les politiques d'aménagement, l'écologie, etc. C'est par ailleurs dans un contexte de contraintes budgétaires fortes que les principaux acteurs de la mobilité sur les territoires cherchent à rationaliser les services de transport, et les déplacements des individus. La mobilité humaine est donc un enjeu stratégique aussi bien pour les collectivités locales que pour les usagers, qu'il faut savoir observer, comprendre, et anticiper.Cette étude de la mobilité passe avant tout par une observation précise des déplacements des usagers sur les territoires. Aujourd'hui les acteurs de la mobilité se tournent principalement vers l'utilisation massive des données utilisateurs. L'utilisation simultanée de données multi-sources, multi-modales, et multi-échelles permet d'entrevoir de nombreuses possibilités, mais cette dernière présente des défis technologiques et scientifiques majeurs. Les modèles de mobilité présentés dans la littérature sont ainsi trop souvent axés sur des zones d'expérimentation limitées, en utilisant des données calibrées, etc. et leur application dans des contextes réels, et à plus large échelle est donc discutable. Nous identifions ainsi deux problématiques majeures qui permettent de répondre à ce besoin d'une meilleure connaissance de la mobilité humaine, mais également à une meilleure application de cette connaissance. La première problématique concerne l'extraction d'informations de mobilité à partir de la fusion de données hétérogènes. La seconde problématique concerne la pertinence de cette fusion dans un contexte réel, et à plus large échelle. Nous apportons différents éléments de réponses à ces problématiques dans cette thèse. Tout d'abord en présentant deux modèles de fusion de données, qui permettent une extraction d'informations pertinentes. Puis, en analysant l'application de ces deux modèles au sein du projet ANR Norm-Atis.Dans cette thèse, nous suivons finalement le développement de toute une chaine de processus. En commençant par une étude de la mobilité humaine, puis des modèles de mobilité, nous présentons deux modèles de fusion de données, et nous analysons leur pertinence dans un cas concret. Le premier modèle que nous proposons permet d'extraire 12 comportements types de mobilité. Il est basé sur un apprentissage non-supervisé de données issues de la téléphonie mobile. Nous validons nos résultats en utilisant des données officielles de l'INSEE, et nous déduisons de nos résultats, des comportements dynamiques qui ne peuvent pas être observés par les données de mobilité traditionnelles. Ce qui est une forte valeur-ajoutée de notre modèle. Le second modèle que nous proposons permet une désagrégation des flux de mobilité en six motifs de mobilité. Il se base sur un apprentissage supervisé des données issues d'enquêtes de déplacements ainsi que des données statiques de description du sursol. Ce modèle est appliqué par la suite aux données agrégés au sein du projet Norm-Atis. Les temps de calculs sont suffisamment performants pour permettre une application de ce modèle dans un contexte temps-réel. / Today it is a fact that we live in a world where ecological, economic and societal issues are increasingly pressing. At the crossroads of the various guidelines envisaged to address these problems, a more accurate vision of human mobility is a central and major axis, which has repercussions on all related fields such as transport, social sciences, urban planning, management policies, ecology, etc. It is also in the context of strong budgetary constraints that the main actors of mobility on the territories seek to rationalize the transport services and the movements of individuals. Human mobility is therefore a strategic challenge both for local communities and for users, which must be observed, understood and anticipated.This study of mobility is based above all on a precise observation of the movements of users on the territories. Nowadays mobility operators are mainly focusing on the massive use of user data. The simultaneous use of multi-source, multi-modal, and multi-scale data opens many possibilities, but the latter presents major technological and scientific challenges. The mobility models presented in the literature are too often focused on limited experimental areas, using calibrated data, etc., and their application in real contexts and on a larger scale is therefore questionable. We thus identify two major issues that enable us to meet this need for a better knowledge of human mobility, but also to a better application of this knowledge. The first issue concerns the extraction of mobility information from heterogeneous data fusion. The second problem concerns the relevance of this fusion in a real context, and on a larger scale. These issues are addressed in this dissertation: the first, through two data fusion models that allow the extraction of mobility information, the second through the application of these fusion models within the ANR Norm-Atis project.In this thesis, we finally follow the development of a whole chain of processes. Starting with a study of human mobility, and then mobility models, we present two data fusion models, and we analyze their relevance in a concrete case. The first model we propose allows to extract 12 types of mobility behaviors. It is based on an unsupervised learning of mobile phone data. We validate our results using official data from the INSEE, and we infer from our results, dynamic behaviors that can not be observed through traditional mobility data. This is a strong added-value of our model. The second model operates a mobility flows decompositoin into six mobility purposes. It is based on a supervised learning of mobility surveys data and static data from the land use. This model is then applied to the aggregated data within the Norm-Atis project. The computing times are sufficiently powerful to allow an application of this model in a real-time context.